Lesson video

Hello, thank you for joining me for design and technology lesson.

My name is Mrs. Conway and I'm going to be guiding you through your learning today.

So today's lesson outcome is: I can manufacture safely using equipment and machinery.

And our keywords are: manufacture, power tools, machinery, PPE, and timber.

I'll go through each one of these as they come up through the lesson.

So the first thing we're going to look at then is why machinery is used to manufacture products.

Now, manufacturing products is the process of making products from raw materials using machines or labour.

And manufacturing products can be done with the help of hand tools or power tools and machinery.

And power tools and machinery are tools and equipment that are powered by energy to help make products.

Power tools are usually handheld and portable, whilst machinery is larger, often fixed in place and used for bigger or more complex jobs.

And sometimes people get those two things muddled up or kind of seen as the same thing, but they are slightly different.

So a jigsaw, for example, is a handheld and portable power tool for cutting material, whereas a scroll saw is a fixed-in-place piece of machinery used for cutting material.

And you may have seen a scroll saw in your workshop at school.

Okay, quick check for understanding on those differences then.

Power tools are usually handheld and something whilst machinery is larger, often something in place and used for bigger or more complex jobs.

Pause the video here just to take a moment to think about what those missing words could be.

And the correct answer is, then, power tools are usually handheld and portable whilst machinery is larger, often fixed in place and used for bigger or more complex jobs.

Now, in small-scale manufacturer, such as the school workshop, we use hand tools for control and precision and power tools and machinery for speed and consistency.

But when used correctly, they can also be precise, of course.

Now whilst hand tools are easier to control, power tools offer that speed, which is sometimes necessary.

Okay, another check for understanding then.

Which tools are usually handheld, portable and powered by electricity or batteries? A: hand tools, B: power tools, or C machinery? Pause the video, just take a moment to think about your answer.

And the correct answer are power tools.

So power tools are the ones that are portable as well as being powered by electricity or batteries.

But the machinery, if you remember, are fixed in one place.

So, speed.

Speed is a really big benefit of using power tools and machinery because they are much faster than using hand tools.

That means that the products can be made in less time compared with hand tools, which is important for companies trying to meet high demand and also deadlines.

And this is also useful in the classroom or small-scale manufacturer as deadlines for users are just as important as in mass manufacturing.

And of course you have your own deadlines as well.

So consistency as well.

Using power tools and machinery instead of hand tools actually helps to improve consistency because power tools apply the same amount of force and speed each time, making it easier to produce accurate and repeatable results.

Whereas hand tools are very much at the mercy of our control.

Machinery, such as CNC machines and laser cutters, manufacture the same thing over and over again without mistakes.

So these are very helpful and this ensures its consistent quality across the products.

Okay, another quick check for understanding.

What are two benefits from using power tools and machinery over hand tools to manufacture products? A: creativity, B: style, C: speed, or D: consistency? Pause the video, just to take a moment to think about your answer.

And the correct answers were speed and consistency.

These are two massive benefits from using power tools and machinery instead of hand tools.

Now when using power tools and machinery, it is vital that you wear the appropriate PPE, and PPE is personal protective equipment, just to make sure that you are safe.

Now it is worn for protection from injury when using power tools and machinery.

Have a little think.

What PPE do you think should be worn when using power tools and machinery? Pause the video here just to take a moment to think about that question.

Okay, so what ideas did you come up with? So here we've got Laura.

Now first thing Laura has got is goggles.

So the appropriate eye protection are being worn here.

She's also got a workshop coat being worn, but an apron is another option, an option that you probably use in your workshop yourself.

She also has enclosed and sturdy shoes being worn.

This is really important for in the workshop.

We don't want any heavy machinery or material falling onto Laura's feet and damaging her feet, so making sure that she has sturdy shoes but also enclosed as in they're not open like sandals or anything like that.

You can also see that she has tucked her tie and any loose clothing in, which is a massive benefit from wearing an apron or a workshop coat.

It's also gonna protect her clothing as well, of course.

And she's also tied her hair up as she has long hair as well, that's gonna stop that from falling in front of the face, which obviously could cause an obstruction to her vision, but also with some machinery.

Her hair, if it was really long, could get caught in that machinery as well.

So as well as the appropriate PPE, she's also kind of done some actions just to make sure she has tied her hair up and tucked her tie in.

Now power tools and machinery can be dangerous if they're not used correctly.

If they're used correctly, they can be very safe to work with.

So you must only use them once you've been shown how to use them by your teacher or a technician or someone who knows how to use them in your classroom.

It's gonna be over to you now to have a go at a couple of tasks.

The first thing I'd like you to do is label the image of Laura to explain what she has done to keep herself safe when using power tools and machinery.

And the second task I'd like you to do is to explain why manufacturers often use power tools and machinery instead of hand tools when producing products.

In your answer I'd like you to consider factors such as efficiency and speed, accuracy and consistency, cost and labour as well as safety.

Okay, pause the video here to have a go at these two tasks, Right, let's have a look at the first question then.

I asked you to label the image of Laura to explain what she's done to keep herself safe when using power tools and machinery.

So of course she is wearing her goggles to protect her eyes from any flying debris that may happen.

She's also tied her long hair up and tucked her tie in so it cannot get caught in any machinery and her hair cannot obstruct her view of anything.

She's also making sure she's got enclosed and sturdy shoes being worn, and she's wearing a workshop coat or an apron.

For question number two then, you may have said: Manufacturers use power tools and machinery because they allow for faster and more efficient production, especially when making large quantities of the same product.

Machines can work continuously and often much quicker than humans using hand tools.

They also provide greater accuracy and consistency, which means products are more likely to meet quality standards at fit together properly.

Using machinery can reduce labour costs because fewer workers are needed to complete the same amount of work.

Additionally, machines can be safer when properly maintained as they reduce the need for repetitive manual tasks that can lead to injuries.

Overall, machines help save time, reduce waste, and improve product quality.

Just compare your answer to the example answer there and check that you've included all of the key points, especially the ones I specifically asked you to include, and each one of those should be explained as well.

Next we're going to look at timber power tools and machinery.

Now there are a wide range of power tools and machinery that can be used to help shape, cut, join and finish timber more efficiently and also accurately.

Just to remind you, timber is wood cut from trees to use in manufacturing.

So these are the felled trees and these are the timber planks that have been created to work from.

Now using power tools and machinery to manufacture requires knowledge, skill and practise to use them correctly, accurately, and safely.

Okay, quick check for understanding on that then.

Why is it important to develop knowledge, skills and practise when using power tools and machinery to work with timber? Is it A: to use them correctly, accurately and safely, B: to cut down trees more quickly, or C: to avoid using any hand tools at all? Pause the video here just to take a moment to think about the correct answer.

And the correct answer was A.

So it's important to develop knowledge, skills and practise when using power tools and machinery to use them correctly, accurately, and safely.

Well done if you got that right.

Now we briefly looked at a jigsaw before, so let's look at it in a bit more detail.

A jigsaw is a versatile handheld power tool that can cut straight lines and curves.

It has a small, thin blade that moves up and down quickly to make the cuts.

So that's a reciprocating movement.

Jigsaws are especially useful for cutting shapes, curves, and detailed patterns in timber.

In comparison then, a mitre saw is a machine that can make angled cuts, or mitres, very precisely.

It is usually attached to a bench or a work surface.

So we've got an example there of a power tool and also a machine that is used to cut.

Now a fretsaw is a machine used for cutting as well, and it's used for cutting intricate shapes and curved lines in timber and other materials.

You might also know this as a scroll saw.

It has a fine blade, a little bit finer than a jigsaw, that moves up and down, so that reciprocating movement again, and you can see that in the image there, and it does that quite quickly.

And that allows for delicate and precise cuts.

The blade can also be removed easily to cut out any internal shapes and the table can also be tilted to allow for bevelled cuts as well.

If you want to do that in your classroom, just ask your teacher or your technician to help you with that.

Now it works in a similar way to a jigsaw, but it stays fixed in one position on a bench or a work surface.

And large machinery is also used by teachers and technicians in schools and is also used frequently in industry.

So an example of what you may have seen in your workshop but may have seen your teacher use or your technician use is a bandsaw.

Now a bandsaw has a big, continuous loop blade kind of going through the machine.

You won't see half of it or the majority of it, you'll only see that little bit that you can see in the image there.

It's almost like, think of it as a huge elastic band.

And that can really quickly cut straight lines and curves.

A table or circular saw can make fast, straight cuts.

And again, you may have seen one of these in your workshop or in the prep room of your school.

Now the table allows for large sheet materials to be cut.

Notice the fences on these.

Now the fences, you can kind of see those pieces of metal that are standing kind of upright.

These act as like a guide to ensure that the cuts are straight and also parallel to the blade.

Okay, quick check for understanding then.

Which machinery or power tool is best for making fast, straight cuts out of these three options? Is it A, B or C? Pause the video here, just take a moment to think about your answer.

And the correct answer was A, it's that table saw.

Now depending on the material and the size of the hole needed, drilling can be done using either a machine or a handheld power tool.

So a cordless power drill is a power tool that is used for drilling holes and driving screws.

And you may be familiar with these, either at home or at school.

A pillar drill, however, is a machine and that is fixed to a base and used to make straight, accurate holes.

And again, you may have some of these in your workshop at school.

Now drill bits are the cutting tools that attach to a drill to make holes in the material.

And there are different types of drill bits designed for specific materials, hole size and finish.

Now twist drill bits are, kind of drill smaller holes, whereas flat bits drill large holes very quickly.

Forstner bits make flat bottomed holes with smooth sides.

And hole saws create large circular holes.

All of these are very helpful, very useful and can be switched up on your power drill and also your pillar drill.

Sanding is the process of smoothing a surface and usually this is timber.

And you do this by rubbing it with an abrasive material like sandpaper.

And this can be done with power tools or machinery as well.

So a power sander is an example of a power tool and that is often used in small-scale manufacture.

The abrasive pads are available in different grades, whereas in comparison, a belt sander is a machine that can remove more material in a shorter amount of time.

Okay, quick check for understanding then.

Which image shows an example of a belt sander? Is it A, B, or C? Pause the video here just to think about your answer.

And the correct answer, it was B, there is your belt sander.

Now a router is a power tool that cuts grooves, decorative edges or joints like rebates.

Just like a drill, a router can be used with different bits depending on the cut required.

Here's an example of a palm router.

Now this is small and lightweight and used for trimming edges.

A plunge router is slightly more powerful than a palm router.

It can be lowered from above to cut material in the middle.

So these are actually both power tools, but they're different kind of sizes and power involved in these two different types.

Now a wood lathe is a machine that rotates material while cutting shaping tools, chisels, are used to make cylindrical products like table legs and bowls.

And you can see in the example there of a table leg being made on the lathe on the left.

And you can also see an example of the start of potentially a bowl on the right.

Okay, over to you now for a couple of tasks.

The first task I'd like you to do is to complete the table below.

I've given you some examples of power tools and machinery.

A belt sander fretsaw, jigsaw and wood lathe.

In the actual table, I'd like you to just complete it by explaining what those are, explain if they're a power tool or a machinery and how they work and what they do.

The second task I'd like you to do then is to consider which machinery and power tools would be suitable in the manufacturing of your product.

I'd like you to name your choices and also explain why they would be suitable and how they could be used.

Okay, pause the video here to have a go at these two tasks and good luck.

All right, let's have a little look at the example answers then.

So the first thing I asked you to do was to complete this table.

Now, if we go through each one of these, a belt sander first.

A belt sander is a machine that can remove more material in a shorter amount of time.

A fretsaw is a machine used for cutting intricate shapes and curved lines in timber and other materials.

A jigsaw is a versatile handheld power tool that can cut straight lines and curves.

And a wood lathe is a machine that rotates material while cutting/ shaping tools such as chisels are used to mix cylindrical products like table legs and bowls.

Just compare your answers to the example answers there and check that you've included all the key pieces of information.

The second thing I asked you to do then was to consider which machinery and power tools would be suitable in the manufacturing of your product.

And I asked you to name your choices and explain why they would be suitable and how they could be used.

So let's look at Andeep's answer then in regards to his product.

He suggested, "I could use a fretsaw in the cutting of my comb joints, which will make the process a lot quicker than using a tenon saw and coping saw." Absolutely.

"I could also use a palm router to cut grooves into my wood and rebate some of the drawer edges".

That's a really nice suggestion as well.

And lastly, he suggested, "A power sander with a high grit abrasive paper would also be useful to help finish my product at the end." Brilliant.

Again, your answers are going to be different to Andeep's as it will completely depend on your individual product.

But have a little check of your answers.

Do you think those are the most suitable machinery and power tools? And feel free to just chat this through with somebody else on your table or with your teacher as well.

All right, so let's summarise today's lesson.

Today we've been looking at specialist techniques and processes for manufacture.

Now manufacturing products can be done with the help of hand tools or power tools and machinery.

Power tools are usually handheld and portable, whilst machinery is larger, often fixed in place, and used for bigger and more complex jobs.

Power tools and machinery are used for speed and also consistency.

And when using power tools and machinery, it is vital that you wear the appropriate PPE, which is your personal protective equipment, to keep yourself safe.

And we have looked at the wide range of power tools and machinery that can be used to help shape, cut, join, and finish timber more efficiently and more accurately.

And there are more than what we have just looked at today as well.

Those are just some examples.

Thank you for all of your hard work in today's lesson.

I will see you soon.