Hello, my name's Mrs. Taylor.

I'm really pleased that you're here today to join me for our lesson.

Our lesson today is "Equipment and machinery: polymers and timbers," and this is part of the "Iterative design: Nature" unit.

We have four keywords.

Deforming, changing material shape but not the state.

Wasting, removing material.

Accuracy, very precise and exact.

And fabricate, joining materials.

The outcome: I can use hand tools and workshop machinery to safely manufacture designs.

We have two parts to our lesson today, hand tools and machinery.

Let's begin.

When manufacturing, it is important to plan which tools and equipment will achieve the desired outcome.

Manufacturing can be grouped into four categories, wasting, which is removing material, fabricating, which is joining material, deforming, which is changing the material shape but not the state, and reforming, which is changing the material shape and the state.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which manufacturing process involves changing the shape but not the state? Is it A, reforming, B, deforming, or C, fabricating? Pause the video.

Great.

Let's check.

That's right, it's deforming that changes the shape but not the state.

Well done.

Tools and machinery can be categorised in the same way.

These tools are used to remove material by cutting.

We can see a tenon saw, a coping saw, and some drill bits.

These tools are used to remove material by abrasion.

Abrasion means to remove surface material by friction.

We have a picture of glass paper, which you may know as sandpaper, and we also have a picture of files.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which of these tools are used for abrading materials? Pause the video.

Wonderful.

Let's check.

That's right, it's A, the files are used for abrading.

Well done.

Each component of the design is marked out.

A wasting process is then selected to cut and finish the shape.

It is important to cut on the waste side of the line to ensure the component remains the correct size.

Here we can see the MDF component, the line which has been marked out using a pencil and a template, and the waste.

The edges of the MDF shape can then be smoothed and finished using glass paper.

It is important to keep the line to ensure the component shape is accurate.

"If you lose the line, you lose the design." This phrase is a good way to remember.

The edges of polymers are finished using files.

Files can be used in two ways, cross filing and draw filing.

Cross filing, the file moves across the material at 90 degrees.

This shapes the polymer.

It is important to work to a line for accuracy.

Draw filing, which we can see here in the picture, is where the file is drawn back and forth around the material to create a smoother finish.

We now have task A.

Select and use the appropriate hand tools to waste and finish each component of your design inspired by nature.

Describe how you will ensure accuracy when completing this.

Wasting could involve cutting and abrading.

Don't forget, if you lose the line, you lose the design.

Pause the video.

Wonderful, let's have a look at some of the answers you may have come up with.

Aisha says, "I used a template to mark out the MDF base of my planter design and a coping saw to cut it out.

I then used glass paper to finish the edges whilst keeping the line so my shape is accurate." Well done.

We now move on to the second part of our lesson today, machinery.

Machines for wasting material include a fret saw and a pillar drill.

Using machinery can speed up the process of manufacturing.

Just like hand tools, using them accurately is a skill which you can develop with practise.

It is important to work to a line which you have marked out.

Let's have a check for understanding.

True or false? Using machinery results in greater accuracy.

Pause the video and have a go.

Wonderful.

Let's check.

That's right, it's false.

Using machinery accurately is a skill which can be practised.

Well done.

When manufacturing using tools and machinery, it is important to consider the potential hazards and put measures in place to mitigate them.

This is called a risk assessment.

The risks of using a fret saw include the operator's hands coming into contact with the blade, noise, and broken blades.

The risks of using a pillar drill include the operator's hands coming into contact with the drill bit, dust, noise, entanglement of hair or clothing, and flying objects.

To mitigate the risks of using a pillar drill, we must secure the drill in the chuck with the chuck key and then remove the chuck key, clamp the material securely with a G clamp, place the guard over the chuck and drill, and ensure the operator has been trained, wears goggles and an apron, and removes any loose clothing and ties long hair up.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Read this sentence and add the missing words.

Pause the video.

Fabulous.

Let's check.

A risk assessment is when you consider the potential hazards of a particular activity and put measures in place to mitigate them.

Well done.

To deform polymers, we can use a thermoforming oven or a strip heater.

When heated, acrylic becomes plastic, which means it can bend and be deformed.

Once cooled, it remains in the new shape.

Here is a picture of a strip heater, yours may look similar to this, and a picture of a thermoforming oven.

To fabricate means to join materials.

There are many ways to join materials, including timber joints, push fit, and mechanical fixings such as screws.

Here we can see a picture of a timber dovetail joint and a picture of a screw and a picture of a push fit dowel.

The push fit dowel is where a hole is drilled in a thick piece of material, in this case, a piece of MDF, to be almost the exact size of the dowel so when it is pushed in, it is held tightly and does not move.

Task B, select and use the appropriate machinery to waste, deform, and fabricate your design inspired by nature.

Describe the processes you have used and the health and safety considerations.

Pause the video.

Wonderful, let's have a look at some of the answers you may have come up with.

Aisha says, "I finished the edges of the MDF using the bandfacer.

This was much quicker than using the glass paper by hand.

It was, however, very noisy as the extractor is on to remove the dust." Aisha also says, "I also used the pillar drill with a Forstner bit to cut the large hole for my dowel.

I used a G clamp to secure the MDF and put the clear guard down over the chuck once I had secured the Forstner bit and removed the chuck key." Well done.

Here we have a summary of our learning today.

When manufacturing, it is important to plan which tools and equipment will achieve the desired outcome.

You could use hand tools or machinery.

Using machinery can speed up the process of manufacturing.

Using tools and machinery accurately is a skill which you can develop with practise.

It is important to cut on the waste side of the line to ensure the component remains the correct size.

Well done, and thank you for joining me today.