Hi, I am Ms. McGoldrick and thank you for joining me today for our Design & Technology lesson on batch assembly.

And this lesson is part of the unit Collaborative Design, Tactile Toys to Teach.

Okay, let's get started.

Okay, our lesson outcome is I can work with others to assemble a batch of the same design.

Our keywords for this lesson are assemble, so to put together parts to create a whole object, joint, a connection made between two or more components of material to hold them together securely, and clamp, a tool used to hold pieces of timber tightly together while glue dries.

And we will find out lots more about different joints and different clamps throughout the lesson.

Our first lesson outline for our batch assembly lesson is assemble timbers.

So after all that hard work has been done to manufacture all the different components that are needed, they can then be assembled together to create the final product.

And there are many, many different ways to assemble timber products.

Secure methods include glueing , using screws, and using timber joints.

So timbers are assembled to build strong, stable structures like buildings and to create useful products like furniture and toys.

Here we have a picture of a timber roof frame, as you can see, really huge pieces of timber being assembled together to create that frame.

And then we've got a relatively simple product here, a toy instrument, but still, we've got some pieces of timber that had to be assembled together.

And lastly, we've got this very complex playground here, adventure playground.

Lots and lots of different components of timber that have been assembled together to enable that adventure playground to be finally made.

Okay, time for a check.

So identify the ways in which to securely assemble timbers.

Is it sticky tape, timber joints, or glueing ? Pause the video.

Have a go.

Okay, so identify the ways in which to securely assemble timbers.

And yes, it's timber joints and glueing.

Please don't use sticky tape to assemble timber together.

It doesn't work very well.

Okay, so let's look at some essential tools and equipment that are needed for most timber assembling methods, okay? And we're only scratching the surface here.

Lots and lots of tools and equipment are needed to help when you're assembling timbers together.

And of course, it depends on how you are going about that.

Okay, so you're most likely going to need some wood adhesive, so some wood glue.

Now, you can use PVA, that is absolutely fine, but wood adhesive is specially designed to glue timbers together.

We've got clamps and the most common clamp to use is called a G clamp.

And it's called a G clamp because it resembles a capital letter G, as you can see here in the image.

And then we're probably gonna need some paper towels.

Glueing timbers together can get very messy.

So we're gonna kind of rest on that paper towel, or we're gonna use it to clean up any excess glue.

Some more tools and equipment that can help support the assembling of timbers together can include lots of different clamps.

So here on the left, we've got something called an F clamp.

So as you can see, it looks like a capital letter F.

And then the black clamp with the yellow pieces at the top, that is called a spring clamp because it uses a spring mechanism to open and shut.

Masking tape.

Masking tape, we are going to use it whether it's gonna help you hold pieces together, whether it's gonna help you with your marking out of assembling pieces, whether it's just to write your name on the work or say, please leave this alone, it needs to dry, it's gonna be useful at some point.

And then we've got a spirit level.

So this is not an essential piece, but it's a nice to have, okay? So a spirit level is gonna check whether our components are level, whether our surfaces are level or straight when we're assembling them together.

Okay, some more.

Now depending on what you are doing, you might need a hand drill or a power drill or a pillar drill to drill some holes, especially if you are creating some wooden joints or doing some screw joints that need holes drilling in them first.

You might need some screws depending on what you are doing.

You might need a screwdriver if you're working with screws.

You might need some drill bits if you're drilling and you might need some nails and maybe a claw hammer to use with the nails.

Okay, time for another check.

Name the tools below, pause the video, have a go.

Okay, so the tool first is that red clamp, and it is, and it is called a G clamp.

well done if you got that right.

And the tool on the other side is called a screwdriver.

Quite often confused with other tools like chisels and pliers.

And there's lots of different screwdrivers out there.

When you're using a screwdriver, just make sure it actually matches and works with the screws that you are using.

Okay, so joining timbers using an adhesive, which is a word for glue, can provide a very durable and secure joining technique.

So it's a good way of joining timbers together.

It does ensure a strong bond, but you've got to have a good amount of surface area.

So if you've got two relatively small thin pieces of timbers and you're glueing them together, that's gonna be a difficult task because there's not enough surface area, there's not enough glue to really kind of secure that bond, okay? And you need some pressure.

Quite a lot of time, people think they can just glue timber together and leave it, but you actually need an amount of pressure to start that bonding process.

And then time.

Glue takes quite a long time to fully cure, which is another word for set.

So PVA and wood glue, they do start to begin to hold after about 30 minutes, which is great because that means you can take the clamps off after 30 minutes if you can't leave them on.

But in order to fully cure, which means set, then it takes about 24 hours.

And it says always clamp the pieces for at least 30 minutes and avoid putting any stress on the joint until it has fully cured or set.

Let's look at using a hot glue gun here.

Okay, let's address this misconception of using a hot glue gun is going to, you know, glue two pieces of timber together securely.

That is not true, okay? So using a hot glue gun is not a strong enough final joint for a timber assembly.

It's more suitable for temporary joints because it can weaken over time.

So what a hot glue gun is great for is prototyping and assembling models.

It's great for cardboard and it's great for when you quickly have to join some things together and you're not expecting it to stay together for a long time.

Okay, another check.

Okay, can you fill in the blank word? So hot glue is not enough for a final timber assembly.

It is more suitable for temporary joints.

Pause the video, have a go.

Okay, so hot glue is not strong enough for a final timber assembly.

It is more suitable for temporary joints.

Let's have a look at using nails to assemble timbers, okay? So we've got some positives and some negatives.

The positives are, it's a quick process, it's low cost, and it's relatively easy to do and it's great for temporary joints because you can remove them using a claw hammer if you need to.

Negatives, they can loosen over time, and they can split timbers very easily, okay, because you're using kind of a lot of force hammering a sharp item into the timber, and the timber is going to split or can split very easily, and they're less secure because they don't pull the timbers together, okay? They're just providing kind of a bridge between the two timbers.

They're not pulling them together in a very secure way.

Using screws.

So we can use screws to assemble timbers and it probably happens the most frequently.

So let's look at some positives.

So they are strong and they are secure.

You can take them out and put them back in again and they can be very precise.

So screw joints pull the timbers together because of that thread on the screw.

Negatives, it is time-consuming and if you don't know how to do it correctly, you will kind of come into some challenges, okay? So it requires specialist knowledge and tools.

And just like the nails, they can split timbers too, especially if you do it near the edges.

When you are doing a screw joint, it's really useful to have something called a countersink.

And that allows the head of the screw to sink down beneath the surface, okay? So the head of screw doesn't stick above the surface of where you're putting the screw into, okay? It's like a funnel shape and it allows it to sit.

So it's great for kind of safety.

So let's look at how you would do a screw joint.

So when constructing a screw joint correctly, pilot and clearance holes must be used.

This prevents the timber from splitting.

So if you are joining two timbers with screws, you have to do a pilot and a clearance hole, because that's the correct way about it, it stops the timber from splitting.

So the very top, that kind of funnel shape, that our counter sink, and if you remember, that allows the screw head to lie flush with the surface of the material.

The next one down is called a clearance hole.

So the bigger hole, okay, now, that is bigger than the thread of the screw, but doesn't allow the head to fall through also.

And then we've got our pilot hole, and that is smaller than the thread of the screw, which allows the screw to bite into the material, okay? Grabbing hold of it.

So when you construct a screw joint, you have to think about what order these need to happen in and think about where the clearance hole needs to happen and where the pilot hole needs to happen, and if you do that correctly, you will get a really, really good quality screw joint.

Okay, let's identify the parts of the screw joint.

All right, pause the video, have a go.

Okay, so we've got a clearance hole.

So remember that clearance hole is the slightly larger one, which allows the thread to drop through, but not the head of the screw.

Then we've got the pilot hole.

Remember, that has to be smaller than the thread of the screw.

Otherwise, the thread has nothing to screw into.

And then lastly, we've got our counter sink, which allows the screw head to lie flush or even beneath the surface of the material that you are screwing into.

Okay, time for a task.

So in your collaborative design team, plan and practise the assembly of the components needed for the batch production of your final design.

So you're gonna take your final design with your team and you're going to plan out how you are going to assemble those components together, okay? Now, you might want to think about these things.

So I'd be thinking, right, what needs to happen first? What is the first step of our assembly process? Then what's the next step, what's the next step? Okay? Then we're gonna assign the team members to each step.

And then we're gonna think about what tools and equipment we're gonna need for each step.

And there'll be lots because it's quite a very tricky kind of part of the whole process is assembling it together.

And then do we need to have a practise at anything? Do we need to have a practise at glueing and clamping? Do we need to have a practise at screw joints? Okay? So have a go at planning and practising the assembly of the components needed for the batch production of your final design.

Pause the video, have a go.

Let's look at some feedback for Task A.

So we've got our design team there at the bottom, Lucas, Jacob, Aisha, and Sam.

And they have started to plan out the assembly of their final batch production, okay? So we've got only one stage here.

So Stage 1, we've got assemble the top layer of our design to the base layer of our design.

Jacob and Aisha are gonna take charge of that and they're gonna need pencils for marking gout.

They're gonna need some wood glue, clamps, paper towel to mop up the kind of glue and to rest on.

They're gonna need a hand drill, some drill bits, counter sink, and some wood screws.

So they're gonna be doing some screw joints there.

Now, they're going to need a practise.

So it says practise is needed to understand how much glue to use, how long it's gonna take to cure, okay? And what clamps are gonna be best to use.

And we're definitely gonna have a practise at producing a screw joint with a pilot hole, a clearance hole, and a counter sink.

Our second lesson outline is types of timber joints.

Okay, so we've got a image here of two pieces of timber joined together and it looks like a table.

And there is a very decorative timber joint that has joined those two separate pieces together.

And that is called a dovetail joint.

And if you look closely, it's called a dovetail joint because the shape of the joint resembles the tail of a dove, okay? Now, timber joints are the ways pieces of wood are connected or joined together to form a product or a structure.

And they also make wooden objects very strong, very stable, and very long-lasting, and they can make them look very nice as well.

So they add to the aesthetic quality.

Common timber joints include, butt joint, mitre joint, lap joint, comb joint, and dowel joint, and there's lots more, okay? So it's being very clever about what timber joint you would like to use.

And that, you know, will come down to lots of different decisions depending on what your product is and what its function is.

Let's have a look at the butt joint in more detail.

So we've got two sections of timber joined with the end of one piece against the other, okay? And they're usually glued, but it can be very weak if we just glue a butt joint.

So we have to reinforce it with nails and screws to provide that strength.

So we have a positive of it being very simple, but a negative of a butt joint is it can be very weak in strength.

Let's look at a mitre joint, okay? So very similar to a butt joint, but the edges are cut at a 45 degree angle.

So one great thing about a mitre joint is it's decorative, okay? And it allows that 90 degree turn, okay? If you are sat near a window right now, if you can see a door frame, if you can see a picture frame, the corners will very likely be a mitre joint.

So you can have a closer look at a mitre joint, but a negative of a mitre joint is it can be really weak without reinforcement.

So if you've ever dropped a picture frame, you will have noticed that it breaks very easily.

Okay, so time for a check.

This timber joint is called a screw joint, butt joint, comb joint, or a mitre joint? Pause the video, have a go.

okay, so this timber joint is called a mitre joint.

well done if you remembered the name correctly.

Let's have a look at a lap joint.

Okay, so one piece of wood overlaps the other one, okay? And when you actually produce these, when you sew them, you will notice they look like L-shaped.

So that's another way to remember the name of the joint, okay? So more strength instantly than a butt joint or a mitre joint, okay? But you have to get these spot on when you are constructing them.

So the lines need to be precisely cut to ensure accuracy.

So your sewing has to be very, very good to produce some really good-quality lap joints.

A comb joint, okay? One of my favourites.

So you've got some interlocking profiles, okay? So sometimes called finger joints as well because they lock together like fingers like this, okay? And they are really strong, which is wonderful and they look really good as well if, you know, construct them correctly and you don't have lots of gaps and things.

However, they are time-consuming to make and it's really hard to get those spot on as well.

So it's really difficult to achieve high accuracy.

You are sewing, you are chiselling if you're doing it correctly, and you've got to make sure the right pieces are kind of missing on each side so that they lock together.

So tricky to make, but if you get the hang of it, really, really aesthetically-pleasing timber joint.

Okay, so what is this timber joint called? Is it a screw joint, a butt joint, a comb joint, or a mitre joint? Pause the video.

Have a go.

Okay, so we've literally just been talking about this one.

This timber joint is called a comb joint.

Dowel joints.

now, if you've ever had the pleasure of putting together some flat pack furniture, okay, you will know what one of these are, okay? So wooden dowel, so round pieces of wood are inserted into holes in both pieces of timber and then they are joined together.

It's a very kind of commonly used timber joint, and that's because it's got high strength and it is accurate.

However, trying to match up the holes that you've drilled in both separate pieces of timber, okay, with the dowels constructed is a very, very difficult thing to do.

So practise is needed before constructing any type of timber joints, full stop, but definitely, dowel joints, okay? Right, time for your task, okay? So Task B.

In your collaborative design teams, assemble the components needed for the batch production of your final design.

So this is when you are going to use your plan and you're going to use all the knowledge and skills learned when practising those timber assembly techniques in order to bring that final product together, okay? So now you're actually going to assemble your team's final design, all of that hard work, designing and manufacturing, okay, the components needed.

Now you are going to bring that together to do your batch assembly.

Pause the video, have a go.

So we have our design team here, or two members of our design team, anyway.

We've got Jacob and Aisha, okay? And Jacob and Aisha have said, "After planning the assembly of our batch production, we practised our timber assembly techniques like glueing , clamping and adding screws.

We then completed those assembly tasks on our final product.

Below are some images of glueing and clamping." So we've a piece of MDF here with some wood adhesive on, not too much, not too little, it's been spread out.

There's a paper towel underneath as well.

And then it's been glued to another piece of timber, some plywood, and we've got some clamps being used.

We've got a G clamp and we've got a spring clamp being used to add the pressure to start that bonding process.

Okay, we've got Sam and Lucas here, right? Lucas says, "To reinforce the glue with screws, we chose the correct size drill bit and drilled a pilot and clearance hole." Remember, that's very, very important, okay, when doing screw joints to drill those pilot and clearance holes.

"We then added a counter sink and used the screwdriver to add the screw.

We then glued and clampED the components." Here are some photographs, okay? So we've got different-sized drill bits for the pilot and clearance hole.

We've got a counter sink to allow the screw to lie flush with the surface of the material.

We've got a photograph there of the two different materials and components being screwed and glued together.

And then we've got some clamps joining them together.

So we've got some G clamps, okay? Right, time for a summary of our batch assembly lesson.

So there are many different ways to assemble timber products.

These include glueing , using screws and using timber joints.

Lots of different tools and equipment is needed, including a variety of clamps.

And when constructing a screw joint correctly, pilot and clearance holes must be used.

This prevents the timber from splitting.

And timber joints are the ways pieces of wood are connected or joined together to form a product or structure.

These can include things like dowel joints, comb joints, and mitre joints.

Okay, thank you very much for joining me today for our lesson on batch assembly.

Goodbye.