style of handwriting where the letters are joined together in a flowing and connected manner

the stroke or line that guides us into starting a letter

the stroke or line that guides us to smoothly finish a letter

this is the line that x-height letters reach

The fourth join: ob, of, ot, oh with lead in

English

In this unit, pupils learn the four joins. In 'Handwriting: capital letters and numerals', pupils practise formation and size of capital letters and numerals. 

In 'Pre-cursive lower case letters', pupils learnt the pre-cursive letter formation for all 26 lower case letters. In this unit, pupils build on this knowledge, learning the pre-cursive four joins and break letters.

In this unit, pupils learn to form each of the four joins with lead ins. They practise using diagonal and horizontal strokes to connect letters and identify 'break letters' that do not join. Pupils also learn how to form looped descenders and how to end a join with a lead out.

The four joins

Physical activity and equipment requiring safe use

Risk assessment required - physical activity

Select the lower case letters from the list below.

Select the letters which have descenders.

Select the correct formation of the second join if.

Select the correct formation of the second join il.

Select the correct formation of the second join it.

Content guidance

Risk assessment required - physical activity

Adult supervision required

This lesson will be removed by end of Summer Term 2025.

The fourth join: ob, of, ot, oh with lead in

Lesson outcome

Content guidance

This lesson will be removed by end of Summer Term 2025.