Lesson video

Hello and welcome.

My name's Ms. Harrison and I'm so excited to be learning with you today.

Grab everything you might need for today's lesson and let's begin our learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe how urban growth creates social opportunities in Jakarta.

Before we begin this lesson, let's define the keywords that we'll be using throughout today's lesson.

The keywords are opportunity and access.

Opportunity.

This is a positive feature or benefit that improves people's lives, such as access to clean water, jobs, healthcare, or education.

Access.

This is the ability people have to make use of essential services such as water, electricity, healthcare, and education.

Now that we've defined these keywords, we can begin our learning.

The first area we're going to explore in today's lesson is access to services.

Jakarta is one of the world's fastest-growing cities, and rapid growth brings both opportunities as well as challenges.

Urban growth creates opportunities for people to access important services and improvements in their quality of life.

For example, people have access to better education opportunities, including schools and training options.

And as the city develops, people gain access to improved healthcare services, including hospitals, clinics, and emergency care.

Cities also invest in modern, reliable energy sources, which helps homes and businesses run more efficiently.

There are improvements in water sources, making clean water more available to more people.

Urban growth creates better-paid jobs and a wider range of opportunities, especially in formal industries and new sectors like tech.

These are all examples of how urbanisation can bring real benefits for people living in fast-growing cities like Jakarta.

True or false? Rapid urban growth only creates problems for city residents.

Pause the video here whilst you decide, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

This statement is false.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause the video here, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why it's false is because while rapid growth does create challenges, it also creates opportunities, such as improved access to services like healthcare and education and resources like water supply and energy.

Well done if you explained that correctly.

Jakarta has better healthcare facilities than most other cities in Indonesia.

The city has around 65 doctors per every 100,000 people, compared to the national average of just 47 per 100,000.

This means people living in Jakarta are more likely to have access to trained medical professionals when they need them.

There are 189 hospitals in the city and 51 of these are specialist hospitals, offering advanced care in areas like heart surgery, cancer treatment, and orthopaedics.

One example is RS Premier, which was named the best hospital in Indonesia in 2023.

It's well known for its advanced cardiac care and was one of the first in the country to use robotic-assisted surgery, a sign of how modern and high-tech Jakarta's healthcare is becoming.

This shows how urban growth can lead to major improvements in medical services, giving people access to better, faster, and more specialised healthcare.

How do hospitals create opportunities? Pause the video here whilst you decide, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Let's hear some answers.

One student says, "It means people can access better healthcare and it creates jobs as well." And they're right.

Hospitals create opportunities in several important ways.

There's better access to healthcare, there's employment, education and training, medical innovation, and attracting residents and businesses.

Well done if you came up with similar answers.

City-wide health initiatives help improve public wellbeing and create a range of social and economic opportunities.

For example, in Jakarta, the Cities for Better Health programme is working to tackle serious public health issues, like rising diabetes rates.

By promoting healthier lifestyles and early diagnosis, the programme helps people stay healthy and reduces pressure on hospitals.

Jakarta has also expanded its emergency services, making it easier for people to get urgent medical help.

This improves quality of life and makes the city safer, especially during disasters and accidents.

These initiatives also create new jobs in healthcare, including roles in nursing, medical research, health education, and public health planning.

As health services grow, more skilled workers are needed to support them.

In the long term, healthier populations are more productive, and cities that invest in public health are more attractive to investors, workers, and families, supporting economic growth and urban development.

Which two of the following statements about access to healthcare in Jakarta are correct? Pause the video here whilst you identify them, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answers are A, Jakarta's physician ratio is 65 doctors per 100,000 people, and C, Jakarta has 189 hospitals, including 51 specialist hospitals.

Well done if you identified those.

Education in Jakarta creates many opportunities for individuals and for the city's development as a whole.

Students in Jakarta stay in school longer than the national average.

On average, they complete 11 years of education, compared to just six years in Papua.

This means more young people are gaining the skills and knowledge they need to access better-paid skilled jobs.

Literacy rates are also higher.

In Jakarta, 99.

65% of females are literate, compared to 95.

29% across Indonesia.

This shows that girls in Jakarta have better access to education, which helps create a more equal and skilled workforce.

Over 98% of children in Jakarta are enrolled in primary school, showing strong access to education from an early age.

This helps build a foundation for continued learning and future employment.

Better education needs greater opportunities in the formal sector, especially in areas like business, healthcare, technology, and government.

It also supports innovation and economic growth, as more people are equipped with skills to work in modern, high-skilled industries.

Jakarta's education system provides young people with pathways into skilled and professional careers thanks to its strong network of high-quality universities.

The city is home to 38 universities, including Universitas Indonesia, which is consistently ranked as one of the best in the country.

These institutions offer courses in medicine, engineering, business, science, and they prepare students for jobs in well-paid and high-demand sectors.

Many of Jakarta's universities also attract international students, helping to raise academic standards and connect the city to global research and innovation networks.

A key example is Universitas Indonesia's Teaching School.

This is one of the country's top referral and teaching hospitals, providing advanced medical care and training the next generation of healthcare professionals.

Access to higher education like this helps to create a more skilled competitive workforce and give students from Jakarta the opportunity to enter careers in medicine, law, technology, and research, both in Indonesia and internationally.

How might Jakarta's universities help increase skilled employment? Pause the video here whilst you decide, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Jakarta's universities help increase skilled employment by providing high-quality education and training that prepares students for professional careers.

With 38 universities in the city, students can study subjects like medicine, engineering, business, and technology, which are all in high demand in Jakarta's growing economy.

Top institutions such as Universitas Indonesia offer courses that develop advanced skills.

They're also linked to leading facilities where students gain real-world experiences in healthcare.

Universities attract both local and international students, raising standards and encouraging innovation and research.

As a result, graduates are better prepared for skilled, better-paid jobs in fields like healthcare, digital services, finance, and logistics.

By producing a more educated workforce, Jakarta's universities support the city's shift from a low-paid informal work to formal skilled employment, helping the economy grow and become more competitive.

Adult education in Jakarta helps increase skilled employment by giving people a second chance to gain qualifications and train for better jobs.

Community learning centres allow adults who missed out on school to complete their basic education, improving their literacy, numeracy, and confidence, all essential for entering formal work.

Jakarta also offers vocational training in areas like healthcare, hospitality, and digital media through the public and private colleges.

These practical courses teach specific skills that employers are looking for, making it easier for adults to find jobs in growing industries.

To make these opportunities more accessible, the Jakarta Smart Card for adults provides financial support to help cover the cost of education and training courses.

This helps remove barriers for people who could not otherwise afford education.

Overall, adult education supports social mobility.

It reduces unemployment and helps build a more skilled and flexible workforce for Jakarta's developing economy.

True or false? The female literacy rate in Jakarta is lower than the national average.

Pause the video here whilst you decide, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

This statement is false.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause the video here, and press play to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why this statement is false is because Jakarta has a female literacy rate of around 99.

65%, which is higher than the national average of about 95.

29%.

This is because Jakarta has more developed education systems and better access to schools.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

Which of the following is not one of the ways Jakarta has increased opportunities for people to access adult education? Pause the video here whilst you decide, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The answer is B, free housing for adults who attend training courses.

Well done on this.

Nabila moved to Jakarta at 25 from a rural area in Central Java.

She joined an adult learning programme to complete her high school education, and she's now studying nursing at a local college.

She works part-time at a small clinic and plans to become a nurse at one of Jakarta's top hospitals.

Rizky Completed all 12 years of school in East Jakarta and went on to study computer science at a local university.

After graduating with a degree, he got a job as a junior developer at a tech company in BSD City.

He's also taking English classes and hopes to launch his own digital business in the future.

Aisha and Jacob are having a discussion about how Nabila and Rizky's stories show the opportunities available to people living in Jakarta.

I would like you to read through their statements and decide who is correct.

Pause the video here, and press play to continue.

Excellent.

The correct statement is Aisha.

Well done if you identified that correctly.

On the screen is a statement: only young university students benefit from education and healthcare opportunities in Jakarta.

I would like you to place a cross on the line representing your opinion and justify your opinion.

Use information from this lesson and your own research to support your answer.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Let's check our answers.

You may have placed your cross here.

I've placed it nearest to disagree.

And your justification might sound a bit like this.

I disagree because education and healthcare in Jakarta help a wide range of people, not just young university students.

Most children in Jakarta complete 11 years of school, and over 98% are enrolled in primary school.

Women also benefit, with a female literacy rate of 99.

65%, and many go on to work in healthcare.

Adults can access training through vocational courses and community learning centres, with financial support from schemes like the Jakarta Smart Card.

In healthcare, services have improved with new ambulances and specialist hospitals like RS Premier.

This shows that opportunities are available to people of all ages and backgrounds.

Well done if you managed to include some of those points in your answer.

We're now going to explore a second area of this lesson, access to resources.

Access to safe and clean water in Jakarta is improving over time thanks to major investment.

In 2010, Jakarta was still heavily reliant on groundwater, which often wasn't safe or sustainable.

Many homes weren't connected to a piped water supply, especially in poorer or informal areas.

By 2015, the government began making serious investment in piped water systems, aiming to reduce dependence on groundwater and expand access across the city.

This investment started to show results.

By 2020, around 50% of residents had access to piped water.

That number increased to 65% by 2024, and the goal is to reach 100% by 2030, meaning every resident will have access to clean piped water in their home.

Improving access to water helps reduce disease, improves hygiene and health, and makes everyday life easier, especially for families who used to rely on collecting water from wells or vendors.

This is a good example of how urban investment in infrastructure can lead to real improvements in people's quality of life and create a more sustainable city.

Jakarta is working to improve access to clean and safe water for all residents.

To do this, the city is laying new piped water networks to reduce reliance on groundwater, which is often unsafe and causes land subsidence.

These new pipelines are essential to achieving the government's goal of 100% water access by 2030.

But right now, not everyone has equal access to water.

There is a clear water inequality in Jakarta.

People living in wealthier areas are more likely to have safe, reliable piped water, while those in poorer areas, especially in informal settlements, often rely on wells or private water vendors.

The map shows the city's socioeconomic difference.

In areas marked in dark blue, this is high, and balanced zones, access is generally better.

In low-income areas, which is light green, access is much more limited.

This means that poorer communities are at a disadvantage.

They may spend more time and money accessing water and the water they do use may not be safe.

Fixing this inequality is key to making Jakarta a more fair, healthy, and sustainable city.

True or false? By 2024, 35% of Jakarta's residents did not have access to safe and clean water.

Pause the video here whilst you decide, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

This statement is true.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause the video here, and press play to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why the statement is true is because in 2024, 65% of residents had access to clean water.

Water inequality exists, with richer people having better access to safe water than poorer people.

The target of 100% access is set for 2030, which depends on new pipelines being installed.

Jakarta has made major progress in improving access to electricity, ensuring that all households now have a reliable power supply.

In 2023, the city reached a key milestone.

100% of households are now connected to electricity.

This means everyone in Jakarta has access to power for lighting, cooking, heating, and digital services, which is essential for both daily life and economic activity.

To achieve this, Jakarta has invested in modern, efficient energy sources.

One example is the Muara Karang Gas Power Plant, which opened in 2021.

It uses natural gas, which is more efficient and produces lower emissions than coal, helping to meet growing energy demand while reducing environmental impact.

By 2023, Jakarta also opened a floating solar plant, and this is the largest floating solar plant project in Southeast Asia.

It's built on a reservoir, and shows the city's commitment to renewable energy and sustainable development.

These projects help make electricity more reliable and cleaner, while also creating skilled jobs in engineering, maintenance, and clean energy technology.

Access to reliable electricity supports better education, healthcare, and business, and is a key part of making Jakarta a more modern and livable city.

How is Jakarta improving electricity access? Pause the video here whilst you decide, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is B, by using clean sources like natural gas and solar energy.

Well done on this task.

Jakarta's electricity supply is now one of the most reliable in Indonesia.

On average, homes in Jakarta experience just two hours of power cuts per month.

This means that most people can depend on electricity being available every day for lighting, appliances, and work.

In comparison, other parts of Indonesia still face much more disruption.

For example, Kupang in East Nusa Tenggara, homes experience an average of 13 hours of power cuts per month.

This shows how urban investment in infrastructure like gas and solar power plants has made Jakarta's electricity system far more reliable.

It also highlights the difference in service quality between wealthier urban areas and more remote or less developed regions.

While Jakarta has one of the most reliable electricity supplies in Indonesia, there are still clear inequalities in how the electricity is delivered across the city.

In wealthier suburban areas like Kelapa Gading and Pondok Indah, the electricity supply is highly stable.

These areas benefit from the modern infrastructure, underground wiring, and faster repair services.

Power cuts are rare, and homes have access to reliable lighting, air conditioning, and internet.

But in low-income areas with high density like Kampung Tambora, the situation is very different.

In these neighbourhoods, homes are often built very close together, with overloaded electrical systems and illegal connections.

As a result, people experience frequent blackouts, especially during the rainy season or when the demand is high.

These areas also face higher fire risks due to exposed wires and poor-quality materials.

Even though Jakarta achieved 100% electricity coverage in 2023, these examples show that access to reliable, safe electricity still depends on where you live, and wealthier communities benefit the most.

Reducing this inequality will require investment in infrastructure in poorer districts, better regulation of informal connections, and better education on safe energy use.

How does Jakarta's more reliable electricity supply create more opportunities compared to a place like Kupang? I would like you to decide who is correct.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is Aisha.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause the video here, and press play to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why Aisha was correct was because Jakarta faces just two hours of monthly power cuts, while Kupang experiences 13 hours.

Unreliable electricity reduces access to education and jobs.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

You've done brilliantly.

I would now like you to match each factor to the correct service: water, electricity, or both.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's go through our answers.

Reached 100% access in 2023 is electricity.

A floating solar plant was launched in 2023 was electricity.

65% of residents had access in 2024 is water.

Natural gas power plant helps lower emissions, electricity.

Goal is 100% access by 2030 is water.

Helps improve people's health and quality of life is both.

Well done on this task.

You've done brilliantly.

I'd now like you to add relevant details to improve this description of how successful Jakarta has been in improving access to water supply and energy.

Pause the video here whilst you read through this and make your corrections, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's check our answers.

Your text might sound a bit like this.

Urban growth has created high demand for clean water in Jakarta, but the city has limited supplies.

Access is improving and Jakarta's situation is better than Indonesia as a whole.

In 2024, 655% of Jakarta had access to clean water, compared to 50% five years earlier, compared to about 30% for Indonesia.

Richer people having better access to safe water than poorer people.

The government has a target to end this water inequality: 100% access to clean water by 2030.

Since 2000, economic growth has resulted in a 60% increase in energy demand in Jakarta.

The Muara Karang Power Plant opened in 2021, and uses natural gas to generate electricity for Jakarta.

In 2023, the Cirata Floating Solar Power Plant was completed, supplying clean energy to the city.

From 2023, all households in Jakarta had access to electricity.

Elsewhere in Indonesia, despite almost 100% connectivity, supplies are generally less reliable, with frequent power outages.

For example, Kupang experiences an average of 13 hours of outages compared with just two hours in Jakarta.

Well done on this task.

You've done brilliantly, and I hope you manage to include some of those points in your answer.

We've now come to the end of our learning on social opportunities associated with urban growth, and you've done brilliantly.

But before we end this lesson, let's summarise everything we've learnt today.

Urban growth in Jakarta has created a range of social opportunities that are improving lives of many residents.

One of the most important changes is improved access to key services, especially education and healthcare.

Jakarta now has a wide range of schools, colleges, and 38 universities, including top-ranked institutions like Universitas Indonesia.

Children in Jakarta attend school for an average of 11 years, much longer than the national average, and over 98% are enrolled in primary school.

Literacy rates, especially among females, are also higher than in any other part of the country.

In healthcare, the city now has 189 hospitals, including 51 specialist hospitals offering advanced care.

Facilities like RS Premier provide world-class treatment and training.

As a result, people have better access to doctors, emergency care, and modern treatments, improving life expectancy and public wellbeing.

Urban growth has also led to better access to essential resources like clean water and electricity.

The government is expanding Jakarta's piped water network, aiming to reach 100% coverage by 2030.

This reduces the city's reliance on unsafe groundwater and helps prevent disease.

In terms of energy, all households in Jakarta are now connected to electricity, thanks to investment in projects like Muara Karang Power Plant and Cirata Floating Solar Power Plant, Southeast Asia's largest floating solar plant project.

These provide modern, reliable, and cleaner energy sources.

Together, these improvements in service and resources show how urban growth can bring real social benefits, especially when supported by government investment and good planning.

However, inequalities still remain, and ensuring that all communities can access these opportunities remains a key challenge.

Well done on today's lesson.

You've done brilliantly, and I look forward to learning with you again very soon.