the point on Earth's surface that is directly above where an earthquake happens underground

a measure of the energy released by an earthquake

an area in Earth's mantle where unusually hot magma rises toward the surface, creating volcanic activity

Global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes

Geography

An introduction to natural hazards

Factors affecting hazard risk

Plate tectonics theory

Processes at constructive/divergent plate margins

Processes at destructive/convergent plate margins

Processes at conservative plate margins

Primary and secondary effects and responses to tectonic hazards

An example of effects and responses to a tectonic hazard in an HIC

An example of effects and responses to a tectonic hazard in an LIC

Reducing risks from earthquakes and volcanoes

Using GIS to visualise physical processes at different types of plate margin

This unit teaches pupils about natural and tectonic hazards, their location, causes and effects. Pupils learn about the different types of hazard before focusing on earthquakes and volcanoes. Pupils will learn about tectonic processes, hazard impacts and the options for mitigation and adaptation.

Natural and tectonic hazards

the point on Earth's surface above where an earthquake started

an area of the mantle that is usually hot and causes volcanic activity

Match the keyword with its correct definition.

The global distribution of of earthquakes closely matches the edges or {{}} of these tectonic plates.

75% of the world’s active volcanoes occur in the {{}} “Ring of Fire”.

destructive margins (also known as convergent boundaries)

constructive margins (also known as divergent boundaries)

Which of these plate margins can volcanoes form on?

it is oceanic or continental and 0 - 60 km thick

it is solid, made of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5500°C

thickest section of Earth at approximately 2900 km, made of magma

it is a liquid layer, also made up of iron and nickel

Earth's crust is broken into {{}} plates.

Earth's surface is made up of two types of crust, the {{}} crust found underneath the oceans and the continental crust, found under land masses or continents.

A sudden release of energy in Earth's crust

caused by movements of Earth’s crust and mantle

involve the movement and distribution of water

involve surface processes on Earth’s surface

Match the categories of natural hazard with their definitions.

A volcanic eruption that takes place close to a densely-populated city is likely to cause a natural {{}}.

Starter Quiz

Match the facts with the layer of Earth.