Lesson video

Hello and welcome.

My name's Ms. Harrison.

I'm so excited to be learning with you today.

Today's lesson is called Location and National, Regional and Global Context of Jakarta.

Grab everything you might need for today's lesson and let's begin our learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the location and context of Jakarta.

Before we can begin this learning, we need to define the keywords that we'll be using throughout today's lesson.

The key words in today's lesson are mega city, a city with population of over 10 million people, subsidence, the sinking or settling of land, often caused by human activities such as successive groundwater extraction, which can increase the risk of flooding.

World city, a city with global influence, important in the world economy through finance, trade, culture, and communication.

Now that we've defined these keywords, we can begin our learning.

The first question we're going to explore in today's lesson is what makes Jakarta a mega city? A mega city is an urban area with a population of over 10 million people.

That's more people than the entire population of countries like Sweden or Portugal, all living in a single urban area.

These cities are centres of business, culture and often government power.

They're usually filled with busy streets, high-rise buildings, massive transport systems, and millions of people going about their daily lives.

Some examples of mega cities are Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai, Sao Paolo, Lagos, and New York City.

They're found all around the world, in both developed and developing countries.

What do you notice about where mega cities are located? Pause the video here was you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Let's check our answers.

Sophia said, "A lot of mega cities seem to be near coasts and most are in Asia", and she's correct.

The reason why a majority of mega cities are near coasts is to allow easy access for trade and transport.

Well done if you identified that as well.

What is the definition of a mega city? Is it A, a city with fewer than 5 million people? B, a city with over 10 million people, C, a capital city with global connections or D, a city with at least one airport? Pause the video here was to decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is B, a mega city is a city with over 10 million people.

Well done.

Jakarta is a mega city.

In 1960, fewer than 2 million people lived there.

Today, that number has risen to over 11.

6 million.

In the wider Jakarta area, the population is now more than 30 million.

That makes it one of the largest urban areas in the world.

What do you think caused Jakarta's population to increase rapidly? Pause video here was, whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's check our answers.

You might have come up with similar things.

Lucas said, "Jakarta's population has increased because of rural to urban migration." Sophia said, "Is that because people want better access to education, healthcare, and sanitation?" And Alex said "It's also because of natural increase where the birth rate is high than the death rate and they're all correct.

The growth here in Jakarta didn't happen by accident.

People have moved to Jakarta from rural areas in search of work, better education and healthcare.

The city offers more opportunities than many parts of the countryside.

Natural population growth has played an important role too.

Birth rates have remained high for many years, adding millions of people to the population.

With more people, there's more demand for housing, jobs and services and more pressure on the city's infrastructure.

To understand why a place is important, both its site and its situation need to be considered.

The site of a place refers to its physical features, things like the shape of the land, the local climate, the natural resources available.

These features can influence how a city grows, how easy it is to build there, and what kind of industries develop.

The situation of a place is about where it is in relation to other places.

This includes how close it's to other countries, how connected it is to major trade routes and what kind of access it has to the rest of the world.

Situation affects a place's economy, its global links and how developed it becomes over time.

Both sites and situation help explain why some locations become major cities, trade centres, or global hubs and why others stay small or less connected.

I would like you to think how has Jakarta's site helped development? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Jakarta's site has played a key role in shaping its economy and development.

It's located in Southeast Asia, a region that links important global markets.

This position gives it access to both the Indian and Pacific oceans, making it a valuable location for international trade and shipping.

Jakarta is part of an archipelago, which means it's surrounded by sea and close to many other islands and countries, that helps with trade, transport and regional connections.

The city is built on low lying alluvial plain, which means the land is made up of fertile soil deposited by rivers.

This kind of land is good for farming and building.

Jakarta sits at the mouth of the Ciliwung River, which has historically made it easier to transport goods in land and provide access to fresh water.

The city also lies on flat terrain, which makes it easier to expand and build large infrastructure like roads, housing, and ports.

All of these physical features of Jakarta's site have supported its growth into a major global city.

I would like you to identify three missing features of Jakarta's site.

Pause video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's check our answers.

The answers are located in Southeast Asia, archipelago and the mouth of the Ciliwung River.

Well done if you identified those correctly.

Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, a country in southeast Asia made up of over 17,000 islands.

Sophia has said "It is located on northwest coast of Java, an island within Indonesia and the Pacific Ocean is to the northeast and the Indian is to the southwest." Jakarta is located on a flat, low-lying, alluvial plain at the mouth of the Ciliwung River.

This type of land is formed by river sediments and is typically fertile and easy to build on.

Flat terrain also makes it cheaper and simpler to expand the city and develop infrastructures like roads, housing, and industry.

The Ciliwung River flows through the centre of Jakarta and reaches the sea here where the river meets the coast.

Being at the river's mouth has helped the city grow as a port and a trading centre, making it easier to move goods and connect with other regions.

These physical features, fertile land, flat ground, and river access have all made Jakarta a suitable location for urban growth, helping it develop into a major mega city.

Jakarta's location has supported its growth as a major trading city.

Being close to important sea routes and at the math of the river has made it well connected for transport and international trade, but this same location also creates serious challenges.

Much of the city is built on low-lying land and some of the areas are already below sea level.

This makes Jakarta highly vulnerable to flooding, especially during heavy rainfall or high tides.

Another major problem is land subsidence, the gradual sinking of the ground.

In some parts of the city, the land is sinking up to 25 centimetres per year.

This is often caused by the over extraction of groundwater and the weight of buildings soft, waterlogged ground.

As a result, large areas of Jakarta facing increasing risk of floods, especially as sea levels continue to rise.

True or false, Jakarta's location makes it safe from flooding? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

This statement is false.

I would like you to explain why.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Brilliant.

The reason why this statement is false is because Jakarta's low-lying, flat site makes it extremely vulnerable to flooding, especially during periods of heavy rainfall.

Poor drainage systems and widespread subsidence have worsened the problem.

In some areas, the land is sinking by up to 25 centimetres per year and large parts of the city now lie below sea level.

I would like you to think about how Jakarta's site might have helped its development.

Pause the video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Jakarta's site, its location and regional connections have played a major role in its development.

It has access to the Indian and Pacific oceans, which makes it well-placed for global shipping and trade.

The city is also near the Straits of Malacca, one of the busiest and most important shipping lanes in the world.

This gives Jakarta a key position in global trade networks.

Jakarta lies close to major economies like China, India, and Australia.

These are important trading partners and sources of investment and tourism.

It's part of ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Indonesia benefits from the strong regional cooperation, shared trade agreements and support for economic growth.

Jakarta is also a major port city, allowing it to import and export goods easily, supporting industries and creating jobs.

Jakarta's situation has helped the city become a major economic hub, not just in Indonesia, but across southeast Asia and beyond.

Jakarta is located between two major oceans, the Pacific and the Indian Ocean, making it a key hub for global maritime trade.

It's positioned near the Strait of Malacca, one of the world's busiest shipping routes strengthens its role as an important centre for international trade and transport.

This strategic location has helped Jakarta grow into major global ports and economic gateway for Southeast Asia.

Tanjung Priok is Jakarta's largest and busiest port.

It plays a vital role in the country's economy, handling more than 50% of Indonesia's international trade.

Its location on the coast combined with strong transport links to the rest of the city and beyond make it a gateway for importing and exporting goods.

The port connects Indonesia to global markets and supports Jakarta's role as a major trading hub in Southeast Asia.

Indonesia's location close to major global markets like China, India, and Australia strengthen its international trade links and boost Jakarta's economic connections.

The image on your screen shows the flight times between Jakarta and nearby capital cities, around seven hours to China, eight hours to India, and 10 hours to Australia.

This short travel time makes it easier for goods, people and investment to move quickly between countries.

Jakarta's position at the heart of Southeast Asia supports its role as a regional centre for business, trade and international corporation.

Indonesia was a founding member of ASEAN in 1967, the association of Southeast Asian nations.

Through ASEAN Indonesia benefits from regional trade agreements, easier movement of goods and services and strong diplomatic and political ties with neighbouring countries.

This corporation supports Jakarta's economic growth, increases foreign investment and helps the city maintain its role as leading capital in Southeast Asia.

True or false, Jakarta has a poor situation because it is isolated from major trade routes and has limited access to regional and global connections? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is false.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why the statement is false is because Jakarta has a strong situation because it is near the strait of Malacca and lies between the Indian and Pacific oceans, placing it close to other major cities in China, India, and Australia.

Its Tanjung Priok Port handles over 50% of Indonesia's international trade.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

I would now like you to fill in the blanks about what makes Jakarta a mega city using the words below.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Your answer should read like this, Jakarta is built on a flat, low-lying, alluvial plain at the mouth of the Ciliwung River.

This location boosted trade, but today it causes problems like flooding and subsidence.

Jakarta is on the northwest coast of Java, an island in Indonesia.

It is close to international shipping routes including the Strait of Malacca and is linked to other cities by highways and an airport that connected to the rest of Asia and beyond.

Well done on this task.

We're now going to explore our second question of today's lesson.

How is Jakarta connected locally and globally? Jakarta is a well connected on a global, regional, national scale, which has helped it to grow into a major economic centre.

Nationally, the city is linked by a high-speed railway, improving travel times between Jakarta and other parts of Indonesia.

An extensive network of toll roads also support road transport and trade within the country.

Globally, international airports connect Jakarta to major cities across Asia and the rest of the world, supporting tourism, business and trade.

Regionally, its location near the Straight of Malacca gives it access to one of the world's busiest shipping lanes, making it a vital link in international maritime trade.

As a port city, Jakarta handles large volumes of imports and exports, strengthening its role in both regional and global economies.

These transport and trade links help Jakarta stay connected, competitive and influential at every level.

Jakarta is Indonesia's main transport hub, linking the capital to other cities on the island of Java and destinations around the world.

It's connected by major roads like the Jakarta-Java Toll Road and the Jakarta-Serpong Toll Road, which helps goods and people move quickly across the region.

A high speed railway network connects Jakarta with other major cities in Java, reducing travel time and improving national transport links.

The soy Soekarno-Hatta International Airports is one of the busiest in Southeast Asia.

It handles millions of passengers each year and provides direct connections to countries across Asia, the Middle East and beyond.

These transport links make Jakarta a key gateway for both domestic and international travel, supporting trade, tourism and economic growth.

True or false.

Jakarta's location makes it disconnected from global trade.

Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is false.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why this statement is false is because Jakarta's coastal location and its proximity to the strategic straight of Malacca make it a major global trade hub.

The city is served by Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, one of the busiest in Southeast Asia, which connects Jakarta to major cities like Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly, you've done brilliantly.

Tanjung Priok, Jakarta's largest port plays a vital role in global trade.

It's located close to the Strait of Malacca, one of the world's busiest and most important shipping lanes.

The strategic location connects Jakarta with major global markets in Asia, Europe and the USA, making the port to key hub for international exports and imports.

The graph shows exports through Tanjung Priok, from 2018 to 2023.

There's a noticeable dip in 2020, which is due to the impact of COVID-19, but exports recovered quickly and have continued to grow, reaching over 50 billion US dollars by 2023.

Tang Jung Priok's location and growing trade volumes highlight Jakarta's importance in global supply chains and its strong economic connections with the rest of the world.

What trend does the graph show about exports through Tanjung Priok Port between 2018 and 2023? A, exports have remained the same every year.

B exports fell sharply and never recovered.

C, exports dropped in 2020 but has rapidly increased since, or D, exports peaked in 2019 and then declined.

Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is C, exports dropped in 2020 but has rapidly increased since.

Well done.

Which of the following best describes how Jakarta is connected to other parts of Indonesia? Is it A Jakarta, relies mainly on small local roads and ferries to reach other cities.

B Jakarta is isolated due to its coastal location and port infrastructure.

C, Jakarta only connects to international destinations, not within Indonesia.

Or D, Jakarta is linked to other cities through toll roads, a high speed railway and a national airport.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is D.

Well done if you identified that correctly.

Izzy has answered the question, is Jakarta world connected globally and locally? However, she's made some mistakes.

I would like you to identify these and rewrite them.

This is what Izzy said.

"Jakarta does not really have many connections.

It only links to nearby cities on Java and doesn't have any major transport routes to the rest of the world.

Pause the video here was to attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's check our answers.

Izzy said, "Jakarta does not have many connections." What you could have written is Jakarta is Indonesia's main transport hub, highly connected both nationally and internationally.

Izzy said, "Only linked to nearby cities on Java." What you could have said is, while Jakarta is connected to other cities on Java by the Jakarta-Tangerang Toll roads, this is part of its broader network.

Izzy said, "Doesn't have any major transport routes to the rest of the world." What you might have said, Jakarta is a global gateway.

Soekarno-Hatta International Airport connect internationally.

Tanjung Priok Port enables trade with Asia, Europe and the USA as it is near the Strait of Malacca, a key global shipping route.

Well done.

If you identified those errors and you made the corrections, you've done brilliantly on that task.

We're now going to explore our final question of today's lesson.

Why is Jakarta important nationally and globally? Jakarta is important both regionally and globally, and we can look at this by looking at things in separate lenses.

We can look at it socially.

This is how people live together and interact in a community.

Economically.

How money, trade and business affect a country.

Politically.

How a country is governed, how it interacts with other countries and culturally, the traditions, beliefs, and the way of life of a group of people.

Jakarta plays a vital role in a global stage as a sense for diplomacy, commerce, and culture.

It's home to ASEAN headquarters, placing it at the heart of regional cooperation and international diplomacy in Southeast Asia.

Economically, Jakarta is a key commercial hub.

It hosts the headquarters of major TNCs like Unilever and HSBC and its largest Port Tanjung Priok, handles over half of Indonesia's international trade.

Culturally, the city is rich in history and identity.

Jakarta has over 60 museums and 132 heritage sites, celebrating both local traditions and global influences.

Together these features make Jakarta not just a capital of Indonesia, but a major global city with influences across politics, business, and culture.

Which of these organisations has its headquarters in Jakarta? Is it A, NATO, B, ASEAN, C, EU, D, World Bank? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is B, ASEAN.

Well done if you identified that correctly.

Jakarta is often described as Indonesia's powerhouse, playing a leading role in the country's politics, economy, and cultural identity.

As the capital city, it is home to national government and a key political institutions, making the centre of decision making and leadership.

Economically, Jakarta makes the largest contribution to Indonesia's GDP, with 16.

9% of the national total.

It's an economic leader in industries like banking, finance, and manufacturing.

The city also reflects Indonesia's rich cultural diversity.

With a population of over 11.

6 million, Jakarta is home to more than 300 different ethnic groups, contributing to a vibrant cultural scene.

Jakarta's mix of political power, economic strength and cultural variety makes it one of the most important cities in Southeast Asia.

How many times bigger is Jakarta's GDP share than Sulawesi's? Pause the video here was to attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is B.

It's 2.

5 times bigger.

Well done if you identified that correctly.

Indonesia is relocating its capital from Jakarta to a new city called Nusantara in East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo.

The new capital is being built around 1,000 kilometres away from Jakarta and once completed, Nusantara will become the new centre of the government, while Jakarta will continue as a major economic and cultural city.

Why is the Indonesian government moving the capital city? Pause video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

The Indonesian government is moving the capital to Nusantara because Jakarta is facing a number of serious challenges.

The city is overcrowded with over 11 million people living in the urban area.

It also faces risks of flooding, especially during the raining season, and it is affected by land subsidence, with parts of the city sinking up to 25 centimetres per year.

In addition, Jakarta struggles with air and water pollution, which affects health and quality of life.

These challenges have led the government to plan a new capital, aiming to create a more sustainable and better managed city in Nusantara.

Nusantara is a newly planned city in East Kalimantan in Borneo, and it is expected to have a population of around 2 million by 2045.

It will become the new home of the Indonesian president, parliament and central government offices, officially replacing Jakarta as the capital.

The move represents a major shift in Indonesia's urban and political landscape.

While Nusantara takes on the role of the administrative capital, Jakarta will continue to function as a world city with global influence.

Jakarta will remain the centre of trade, business and industry.

It is already home to the headquarters of many transnational corporations, including major firms in finance, consumer goods, and banking.

The city also plays a key role in the tourism and culture, with hundreds of museums, heritage sites, and diverse ethnic communities.

In contrast, Nusantara is designed as a purpose-built, sustainable capital featuring green infrastructure, renewable energy, and modern planning.

It's more central location within Indonesia is intended to improve access and reduce the dominance of Java in national affairs.

Despite the relocation of the capital, Jakarta will still remain a vital financial and commercial hub.

It will continue to lead in sectors such as manufacturing, finance and telecommunications and international trade supported by infrastructure like Tanjung Priok Port and Soekarno-Hatta International Airports.

Both cities will serve different but complimentary roles.

Nusantara as the centre of government and administration and Jakarta as Indonesia's largest economic and cultural powerhouse.

Aisha and Sophia are having a discussion about why the capital city is being located, who is most correct? Pause video here whilst you read their answers and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The person who is most correct is Sophia.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The reason why Sophia was correct was because the capital is being moved to help solve problems like overcrowding, traffic and pollution in Jakarta.

The new location will spread development to other parts of the country, even though the capital is changing, Jakarta will still be an important city for business and the economy.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

I would now like you to explain two reasons why Jakarta will still be important globally and regionally after Indonesia moves its capital city.

Lucas has said Jakarta is a world city and that means it is a city with a global influence, important in the world economy through finance, trade, culture, and communication.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to check your answers.

Excellent.

Let's check our answer.

Your answer may sound something like this.

Jakarta will still be important globally and regionally because it is a world city as it is a major centre for trading business.

It has the largest port, Indonesia, Tanjung Priok, which connect it to countries like China, Japan, and Thailand, and many international companies have their headquarters there.

It will also remain a cultural and economic hub.

Jakarta is home to millions of people from different ethnic groups, has museums and heritage sites, and contributes the most to Indonesia's GDP, so it will still be very influential.

Well done if you managed to include some of those points in your answer.

You've done brilliantly.

We've now comes the end of our learning on location and national, regional and global context of Jakarta, and you've done brilliantly.

Before we end this lesson, let's summarise everything we've learned today.

Jakarta is a mega city on the island of Java, located on low-lying, alluvial plain at the mouth of the Ciliwung river.

This makes it vulnerable to flooding and land subsidence, with some areas sinking by up to 25 centimetres per year due to groundwater extraction and dense urban development.

Despite these environmental challenges, Jakarta's one of Southeast Asia's most important cities.

It has strong national and global connections.

The Tanjung Priok Port handles over half of Indonesia's international trade and a city's location near the Straits of Malacca place it along a key global shipping route.

Soekarno-Hatta International Airport further strengthens Jakarta's role in international travel and business.

Jakarta is a major economic and cultural hub, home to over 11 million people with the wider urban area exceeding 30 million.

It contributes the largest share to Indonesia's GDP and is a base for many transnational corporations, especially in finance, manufacturing, and services.

Culturally, Jakarta is rich and diverse, with over 300 ethnic groups, 60 museums, and 132 heritage sites, making it a centre for tourism and national identity.

Although the capital is being relocated to Nusantara, Jakarta will continue to be the key global city, with lasting importance in trade, finance and culture.

Well done on today's lesson.

You've done brilliantly and I look forward to landing with you again very soon.