Lesson video

Hello and welcome.

My name is Miss Harrison and I'm so excited to be learning with you today.

Today's lesson is called Opportunities for People Living in the City.

Grab everything you might need for today's lesson and let's begin our learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to explain how population growth has created opportunities for people in Jakarta.

Before we can begin this learning, we need to find the keywords that we'll be using throughout today's lesson.

The keywords are access, opportunity, and employment.

Access: this the ability people have to make use of essential services such as water, electricity, healthcare, and education.

Opportunity: this is a positive feature or benefit that improves people's lives, such as access to clean water, jobs, healthcare or education.

Employment: this the availability of jobs and work for people, often used to measure economic opportunity and development.

Now that we've defined these keywords, we can begin our learning.

The first question we are going to explore in today's lesson is how is access to resources improving in Jakarta? Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia and it's one of the fastest growing cities in the world.

It's home to over 10 million people and that number keeps rising.

As more and more people move to the city, either from rural areas or from overseas, the pressure on services is increasing.

Because of this rapid population growth, Jakarta's government and planners have to constantly adapt and upgrade the city's services.

Today we are going to look at how urbanisation is shaping life in Jakarta through its opportunities.

What might a growing city need more of? Pause the video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

A growing city might need more of: water, energy, jobs, education, and healthcare.

Well done if you managed to come up with some of those as well.

Investment is increasing access to safe and clean water.

This timeline shows how Jakarta is improving access to clean water, and it also highlights a key opportunity that comes with urban growth.

In 2010, most people were reliant on groundwater and that's not ideal in a crowded city, it can lead to pollution and even land subsidence.

But urban growth can attract investment, like what we see in 2015, when the city began improving its piped water systems. By 2020, half of the city had access to clean water, and that's just not a statistic, it's an opportunity for better quality of life.

With safer water, there's less disease, better hygiene and improved health, especially in low income areas.

As access rises to 65% in 2024 and eventually 100% by 2030, the opportunities continue to grow.

Better water services mean more people can spend less time collecting water, children are more likely to attend school, and the city becomes more attractive for businesses and tourism.

So while rapid urbanisation can bring about challenges, it also creates opportunities for development, infrastructure and improving lives and Jakarta's access to water is a perfect example of that.

How does access to clean water create opportunities for people? Pause the video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's hear some answers.

Aisha said, "Access to clean water improves health by reducing the spread of disease.

When people are healthier, they can attend work or school, which increases opportunities." And Alex said, "Reliable water supply supports small businesses like food vendors, which depend on clean water.

This helps to create jobs and boost the local economy, especially in poorer areas." I hope you managed to come up with some of those ideas as well.

True or false? By 2024, over 90% of Jakarta's residents had access to safe and clean water.

Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

This statement was false.

I would like you to explain why.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The reason why this statement is false is because, in 2024, only 65 residents had access to water.

The target of 100% access is set for 2030.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

Another major service that's improving in Jakarta is electricity access, and this is a great example of how urban growth can create new opportunities for sustainable energy.

In 2021, the Murara Karang Gas Power Plant started supplying electricity.

It runs on natural gas, which is more efficient and produces lower emissions than coal, so it's better for the environment and for air quality in the city.

Then in 2023, Jakarta opened the Cirata Floating Solar Plant, the largest floating solar plant project in Southeast Asia.

Floating solar panels are really innovative because they don't take up land and they help reduce water evaporation from reservoirs.

That's especially useful in a densely populated city like Jakarta.

And the results are huge.

By 2023, 100% of households in Jakarta had access to electricity.

This reliable, cleaner energy brings big opportunities.

It supports education, business growth, healthcare, and a better quality of life.

It also shows how cities can move towards sustainability while meeting the needs of a growing population.

How is Jakarta improving electricity access? Is it A: by building more coal power stations across the city, B: by using clean sources like natural gas and solar energy, C: by limiting electricity to only urban households, or D: by importing all electricity from other countries? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent, the answer is B, by using clean sources like natural gas and solar energy.

Well done.

Not only does Jakarta now have full access to electricity, it also has one of the most reliable supplies of all of Indonesia.

On average, households in Jakarta only experience about two hours of power cuts per month.

Compare that to Kupang, it sits in East Nusa Tenggara, which power cuts last about 13 hours per month.

That's a big difference and this shows how urban investment creates opportunities for more stabler and more efficient infrastructure.

Reliable electricity means businesses can operate without interruption, hospitals can run equipment safely and students can study in the evening with lights on.

It also highlights a challenge: regional inequality.

While Jakarta benefits from advanced infrastructure, other parts of Indonesia still face more frequent power outages.

Urban areas often attract more funding and development, which is great for those cities, but it can create a gap between urban and rural regions.

So Jakarta's reliable power supply is a clear opportunity for urban growth, but it also reminds us of the importance of balanced development across the country.

How does access to electricity create opportunities for people? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

It means that businesses can operate without interruption, hospitals can run equipment safely and students can study in the evening with the lights on, meaning that people in Jakarta can continue to help the city to develop.

Well done if you came up with those ideas as well.

How does Jakarta's more reliable electricity supply create more opportunities compared to a place like Kupang? Who is correct? I would like you to read Aisha and Alex's statement and then decide.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is Aisha.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why Aisha is correct is because: Jakarta faces just two hours of monthly power cuts, while Kupang experiences 13 hours.

Unreliable electricity reduces access to education and jobs.

Well done if you explained that correctly.

I would now like you to match each fact to the correct service: water, electricity, or both.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Brilliant.

Let's now check our answers.

So for reach 100% access in 2023, it's electricity.

A floating solar project which was launched in 2023 is electricity.

For 65% of residents had access in 2024, it's water.

For natural gas power plant helps lower emissions, its electricity, and for goal is 100% access by 2030, it's water; and helps improve people's health and quality of life is both.

Well done if you identified those correctly, you've done brilliantly.

We're now going to explore our second question of today's lesson: What employment opportunities exist today? In 2000, a large portion of the workforce, around 40% was employed in manufacturing, and that reflects the kind of jobs that were dominating during the early stages of industrialization.

The informal sector, which includes jobs without formal contracts or stable wages, made up 20% of employment.

These jobs can be insecure and offer fewer protections.

Fast forward to 2023, we can see opportunities.

Urbanisation has created many opportunities for people.

While manufacturing is still important, it's dropped to 25% and we see growth in newer sectors.

Look at tech and digital.

It's grown from just 2% in 2000 to 12% in 2023.

This shows how cities like Jakarta are developing more modern, skilled jobs that rely on education and technology.

Retail and services have also increased, now making up 30% of employment.

This reflects the rise of communism, tourism, and everyday services as the urban population grows.

Even education and health has doubled from 5% to 10%, showing investment in public services.

So urban growth doesn't just mean more jobs, it means more diverse skills and often better paid opportunities.

Cities become hubs for innovation, professional work, and formal employment.

What do you think has helped to create these opportunities? Pause the video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Several factors have helped to create new opportunities in Jakarta.

Firstly, urbanisation has brought about more people into the city, increasing the demand for services like healthcare, education and retail, which creates jobs in those sectors.

Secondly, the government and private sector have invested in infrastructure, such as reliable electricity, internet access, and clean water.

This makes it easier for businesses to grow and for new sectors like tech and digital to develop.

Thirdly, education and training have improved over time, helping more people to access skills in areas like healthcare, digital industries, and professional services.

Finally, globalisation and technology.

They have allowed Jakarta to connect with international markets, attracting companies, and creating modern jobs that didn't exist in 2000.

Together, these factors have supported the shift from mainly manufacturing and informal work to a wider range of career opportunities in a growing urban economy.

Which graph shows a growth in the tertiary and quaternary sector? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent, the answer is B.

Well done.

In 2023, the retail and services sector made up 30% of employment in Jakarta.

Which sector was the second largest? Was it A: tech and digital, B: informal sector, C: manufacturing, or D: education and health? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The answer is C, manufacturing.

Very well done.

Even though Jakarta is developing modern sectors like tech and services, its older industries still play a really important role, especially for low-skilled workers and rural migrants moving to the city.

Many of these workers find jobs in traditional industries, such as soap factories, printing works, iron foundries, and automotive parts manufacturing.

These types of jobs are often labour intensive and don't require high levels of education or formal qualifications.

Most of this industrial work is based in zoned areas where factories are grouped together to help manage space, pollution and transport links.

These industries are important because they provide entry-level employment for people arriving in the city, helping them earn a wage and support their families even if work can be physically demanding and lower paid.

So while Jakarta is modernising, these traditional sectors still create essential job opportunities, especially during the early stages of urban migration.

Why do traditional industries continue to be important for Jakarta? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Let's hear some answers.

One student said, "They give jobs to people with few skills or qualifications, especially migrants, and help support the economy." And that's exactly correct.

I hope you managed to come up with that answer too.

Jakarta isn't just expanding, it's transforming and the city is quickly becoming a modern tech hub, attracting new types of businesses and talent.

Technology zones and innovation centres are being built across Jakarta.

These areas are designed for startups, digital companies, and research centres to grow and work together.

They often include coworking spaces, high speed internet, and modern transport links.

This shift is changing both the appearance of the city and the way it functions.

Older industrial areas are being redeveloped with modern buildings and digital infrastructure, creating a more high tech urban landscape.

It also positions Jakarta as a leading tech centre in Southeast Asia, bringing new economic opportunities, especially for young skilled workers, and this is a great example of how urban growth doesn't just mean more people in buildings.

It also means economic transformation, attracting investment, and creating new types of employment.

As Jakarta grows and modernises, it's attracting attention from global businesses, companies that operate all over the world.

Big names like Nike, Netflix, Toyota, and Unilever are now opening offices and factories in the city.

This is an example of foreign direct investment where international companies invest in another country's economy.

These companies bring a range of job opportunities.

In their offices, they need people for roles in marketing, human resources, finance and logistics, all essential for running global operations.

But these roles often require new kinds of skills.

Employees may need strong tech skills, like using digital tools and data systems as well as the ability to speak more than one language, especially English, to work in international teams. This shows how urbanisation and globalisation are shaping Jakarta's workforce.

The city isn't just growing in size, it's becoming part of the global economy, offering new chances for those with the right skills.

What do global companies like Nike, Netflix, Toyota, and Unilever bring to Jakarta? A: farming and fishing jobs in rural areas, B: jobs in marketing, HR, finance and logistics, C: just assembly line jobs for low-skilled workers, or D: free university education for all students? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is B, jobs in marketing, HR, finance, and logistics.

Well done.

One major area of economic growth is Jakarta is BSD City, now seen as the city's leading tech cluster.

It's home to over 300 companies, mainly in technology, logistics, and manufacturing, and this makes it a hub for skilled workers, attracting both investment and talent across the region.

BSD City is also well-connected by major transport links, which means it's easily accessible for commuters from all over Jakarta.

Good infrastructure makes it attractive not just for workers, but also for businesses looking for strategic efficient locations.

This area shows how cities such as Jakarta are developing new economic zones to support modern industries and help drive urban and national growth.

True or false? BSD City is Jakarta's main tech cluster, known for farming and tourism and it's hard to reach from the rest of the city.

Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is false.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause here and press play to continue.

Excellent.

The reason why this answer is false is because: BSD City is a major tech hub, not focused on farming or tourism.

It hosts over 300 companies in tech, logistics and manufacturing.

It is also well connected by transport, making it easy for commuters to reach.

Well done on this.

Alex has written an answer to how does Jakarta create employment opportunities? I would like you to correct his mistakes.

Pause the video here whilst you look at his answer and correct the mistakes, and then press play to continue.

Great.

Let's now check our answers.

Alex said, "Jakarta does not have many jobs because most people are unemployed." You might have said, "Jakarta provides many job opportunities in traditional factories, modern tech firms and service sectors like marketing and finance." Alex said, "There are no factories anymore." You might have said, "Jakarta still has active factories that employ many load skilled workers, especially migrants." Alex said, "And no international companies want to invest there." You might have said, "Jakarta attracts global businesses like Toyota and Unilever that are opening offices and factories, creating jobs in many fields." Alex said, "Only people with university degrees can find work in Jakarta." You might have said, "Jobs are available for both skilled and low-skilled workers with many roles in manufacturing and supporting services." Alex said, "And everyone works in offices." You might have said, "People work in a wide range of places from offices in the BSD City, to factories, to construction sites." Well done in this task.

You've done brilliantly.

I hope you managed to correct some of his answers.

We're now going to explore our final question of today's lesson: Has education and healthcare led to more jobs? One of the biggest opportunities created by urban growth in Jakarta is access to education.

Students in Jakarta stay in school much longer than the national average.

They complete about 11 years of schooling compared to just six years in Papua, a more remote and rural province.

That's nearly double.

Almost all children in Jakarta, over 98% are enrolled in primary school, which is a strong foundation for future learning and employment.

Literacy rates are also higher in the city.

For example, 99.

65% of females in Jakarta are literate compared to 95.

29 nationally.

This shows how urban areas often provide better access to schools, teachers and resources, especially for girls and young women.

So education in Jakarta doesn't just give children the chance to learn, it creates long-term opportunities for better jobs, higher incomes, and improved quality of life.

It also highlights the challenges of regional inequality where people in rural areas may not have the same access.

True or false? The female literacy rate in Jakarta is lower than the national average.

Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is false.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause the video here and press play to continue.

Brilliant.

The reason why it's false is because: Jakarta has a female literacy rate of around 99.

65%, which is higher than the national average of about 95.

29%.

This is because Jakarta has more developed education systems and better access to schools.

Well done on this task.

Jakarta's education system provides young people with access to top universities and clear pathways into skilled careers.

The city is home to 38 universities, including Universitas Indonesia, one of the highest ranked institutions in the country.

It attracts both Indonesian and international students, making Jakarta a growing education hub in the South East.

What's especially impressive is that Universitas Indonesia is home to Indonesia's top teaching and referral hospitals.

This means that new students studying medicine, nursing, and healthcare get access to world-class training, real clinical experience right in the city.

This link between education and healthcare creates huge urban opportunities.

It supports development of highly skilled workforce in areas like medicine, research and science, which helps improve public services and attracts further investment.

So higher education in Jakarta doesn't just benefit students, it strengthens the entire city by producing educated professionals, supporting healthcare and driving economic growth.

How might Jakarta's universities help increase skilled employment? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Jakarta's universities help increase skilled employment by providing young people with access to high-quality education and specialist training.

With 38 universities, including the top ranked Universitas Indonesia, students can study subjects like medicine, engineering, technology and business.

These courses prepare students for professional careers that require qualifications and expertise.

Universities also attract international students and businesses, which helps grow Jakarta's reputation as an education and innovation centre.

This creates more demand for skilled workers in fields like tech, healthcare, and finance.

Jakarta isn't just supporting young people, it's also creating opportunities for adults through a growing focus on adult education skills training.

The city offers several programmes to help adults improve their qualifications and moving to more skilled and better-paid jobs.

One example is the Community Learning Centres.

These centres allow adults who may have missed out on school to complete their basic education, such as literacy and numeracy skills.

There are also vocational courses offered through public and private colleges.

These give adults hands-on training in areas like healthcare, hospitality, construction, and digital media, industries that are growing and in need of skilled workers.

To make this more accessible, Jakarta's introduced the Jakarta Smart Card for Adults, which provides financial support to help cover the cost of education and training, and this shows how cities can support inclusive development by helping not just the young, but also adults who want to re-skill, improve their job prospects and contribute more fully to the urban economy.

Which of the following is not one of the ways Jakarta supports adult education? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is B.

Well done on this task.

Jakarta stands out as a city with some of the best healthcare facilities in Indonesia, another major urban opportunity that improves the quality of life for its residents.

The city has 189 hospitals, including 51 specialist hospitals that offer advanced treatments in areas like cancer care, cardiology and surgery.

This is far more than most other Indonesian cities, especially those in more rural or less developed regions.

One standout example is RS Premier, which has been named Indonesia's best hospital in 2023.

It's especially known for its advanced cardiac care and was one of the first hospitals in the country to adopt robotic assisted surgery.

That kind of technology means more precise procedures, shorter recovery times, and better outcomes for patients.

Access to this level of healthcare is a key urban benefit.

It allows people to live longer, healthier lives and support a strong, productive workforce.

It also shows how cities like Jakarta can lead the way in medical innovation, attracting skilled professionals and improving health services for millions of people.

How do hospitals create opportunities? Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Let's hear some answers.

One student says, "It means people can access better healthcare and it also creates more jobs like doctors." And that's correct, and by having healthier people, it means more people are able to work, which helps to develop the country further.

Jakarta is not only investing in hospitals, it's also running citywide health initiatives that focus on preventing illnesses, improving public health and creating new skilled jobs.

One major programme is called Cities for Better Health, which focused on tackling rising diabetes rates.

Like many rapidly growing cities, Jakarta faces the health challenges linked to diet, lifestyle, and pollution.

This programme produces awareness, early diagnosis and healthy living, helping to reduce pressure on hospitals and improve overall wellbeing.

At the same time, Jakarta has expanded its emergency services, with faster response times and more trained staff.

That means better care and emergencies like accidents, heart attacks, or fires.

These health initiatives also create opportunities for employment, such as nursing, medical research, public health and health education.

They're part of a wider shift towards a knowledge and service-based urban economy where more jobs require skills and qualifications, so improving public health does not just help people live longer, it also supports economic development by building a skilled and healthy workforce.

Nabila moved to Jakarta at 25 from a rural area in Central Java.

She joined an adult learning programme to complete her high school education and is now studying nursing at a local college.

She works part-time at a small clinic and plans to become a nurse at one of Jakarta's top hospitals.

Rizky completed all 12 years of school in East Jakarta and went on to study computer science at a local university.

After graduating with a degree, he got a job as a junior developer at a tech company in BSD City.

He's also taking evening English classes in hopes to launch his own digital business in the future.

Aisha and Jacob are having a discussion about how Nabila and Rizky's stories showed the opportunities available to people living in Jakarta.

Who is correct? Pause the video here whilst you read both statements and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The correct answer is Aisha.

Well done on this.

True or false? Education and healthcare in Jakarta only improve wellbeing, not economic opportunities.

Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The answer is false.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why the statement is false is because: Both sectors also create job opportunities.

Schools, hospitals, and research centres employ many people and better education leads to higher skilled, better paid work.

Well done if you explained that correctly.

On the screen, you can see there's a statement which says: "Only young university students benefit from education and healthcare opportunities in Jakarta." I would like you to place a cross on the line representing whether you agree or disagree and then justify your opinion.

Use information from this lesson and your own research to support your answer.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play to continue.

Excellent.

Let's check our answer.

Your response may look something like this.

I've placed it more towards the disagree side, and your response to justify it may sound something like this: I disagree because education and healthcare in Jakarta help a wide range of people, not just young university students.

Most children in Jakarta complete 11 years of school and over 98% are enrolled in primary school.

Women also benefit with a female literacy rate of 99.

65% and many go to work in healthcare.

Adults can access training through vocational courses and community learning centres with support from schemes like the Jakarta Smart Card.

In healthcare, there are jobs in nursing and public health and service have improved with new ambulances and specialist hospitals like RS Premier.

This shows the opportunities are available to people of all ages and backgrounds.

Well done on this task.

I hope you managed to include some of those points in your answer.

We've now come to the end of our learning on Opportunities for People Living in the City and you've done brilliantly.

Before we end this lesson, let's summarise everything we've learned today.

Jakarta is Indonesia's capital city and that comes with major advantages and when it comes to resources and services.

By 2024, 65% of the population have access to clean water compared to just 30% nationally.

The city is aiming for 100% coverage by 2030.

Electricity is also available citywide and Jakarta experiences fewer power outages than other regions.

As energy demand rises, it's being met through gas and solar power plants, showing a shift towards cleaner energy sources.

Jakarta's strong economic growth is also a major pull factor.

There are growing job opportunities in manufacturing, technology and services, which continues to attract migrants from rural areas.

In terms of education and healthcare, Jakarta leads the country.

There are more schools, universities and hospitals and doctors than in most other parts of Indonesia, improving access to essential services and quality of life.

So while the city still faces major challenges, Jakarta clearly benefits from being in the centre of investment, infrastructure and opportunity.

Well done on today's lesson, you've done brilliantly and I look forward to learning with you again very soon.