Lesson video

Hello and welcome.

My name is Ms. Harrison.

I'm so excited to be learning with you today.

Today's lesson is called Lives around the world.

Grab everything you might need for today's lesson and let's begin our learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe some of the similarities and differences of living in different places around the world.

Before we can begin this learning, we need to define the keywords.

The keywords are climate, inequality, GDP per capita.

Climate.

This is an average of weather conditions, for example, rain, sun, or wind, in a place taken over a long period of time, usually 30 years or more.

Inequality.

This is the uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, and living conditions.

GDP per capita.

This is the total monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country over a year divided by the population.

Now that we've defined these keywords, we can begin our learning.

The first question we are going to explore in today's lesson is, how does life vary around the world? Geographers often use statistics to help understand how life varies around the world, but numbers don't always tell the full story.

I would like you to think how else can geographers find out about people and places around the world? Pause video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

One way is through interviews, where people share their experiences and opinions about where they live.

Another way is by looking at photographs and videos, which can show what places look like, how people live, and what challenges they face.

These different sources help geographers build a better understanding of the world beyond just statistics.

What clues do these photographs give us about living in these places? Pause the video here whilst you take a closer look and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

We can see on the photograph to the right, it looks like it's going to be very cold there because we can see snow, compared to the photograph on the left.

This is just one inference we can make based on these two photographs.

Well done.

Life varies around the world in many ways, including climate, landforms, vegetation, wealth, housing, and laws.

Some places have hot, dry deserts, while others have cold, snowy mountains.

People live in different types of homes, follow different laws, and have different levels of wealth.

Geographers group these differences into two main categories.

Physical geography.

This includes natural features like climate, mountains, rivers, and forests.

And human geography.

This focuses on people, including wealth, housing, jobs, and law.

I would like you to fill in the blanks for how life varies around the world.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The blanks are climate for physical geography and wealth for human geography.

Excellent work in this task.

This family lives in Pakistan in a rented two-bedroom apartment where they share their home with their two daughters and a son, creating a close-knit family environment.

Despite the relatively small space, the family's bond is strong, with each member contributing to the daily life and wellbeing of the household.

The daughter, who's 25 years old, has pursued a career in fashion design, a field that requires both creativity and technical skill.

The father plays a crucial role in supporting the family financially as a chief officer on a merchant ship.

This job involves him spending long periods at sea, managing the operations of the ship, and ensuring safe voyage and coordinating the crew.

Meanwhile, the mother manages the household as a housewife, overseeing the daily responsibilities to keep the home running smoothly.

While her role may not be paid, it is essential to the family's functioning and happiness.

Together, this family's dynamic shows a mix of modern career aspirations and traditional roles, with each person contributing in their own way.

The daughter's career in fashion design, the father's work at sea, and the mother's dedication to home life reflect how families in Pakistan, like those all around the world, balance personal goals with family responsibilities to create a strong, supportive environment.

This family lives in Tanzania in a two-bedroom house where they share their home with their two children and a housemaid who helps with the household tasks.

The family's living arrangements reflect a balance between work and family life, with everyone playing a part in maintaining the household and supporting each other's daily needs.

The mother in the family is a university lecturer and her husband is a university teacher.

Together, the mother and the father's jobs highlight how education plays a vital role in Tanzanian society, shaping the future of the country by equipping young people with the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in a rapidly changing world.

As we can see, both parents are working, compared to the previous family that lived in Pakistan, only the dad and the daughter were working and the wife was a housewife.

This family lives in Peru in a modest four-bedroom house which they call home.

The mother plays a vital role in the community by working as a farmer.

She grows crops such as vegetables, fruits, and grains to provide for her family and for others in the local area.

The mother's role in farming is complemented by her work of a 19-year-old daughter who works as a cook in the local restaurant.

She helps prepare meals for customers, offering her cooking skills in the food industry.

Their family's different roles reflect how people in Peru, particularly in rural areas, rely on both agriculture and the food industry for their livelihoods, and as we can see, based on those three different families, the roles that each of them have are very different, but also the types of jobs they have vary significantly.

I would like you to label the countries on the world map.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The countries on the world map are Peru, Pakistan, and Tanzania.

Well done on this task.

The houses of these families vary significantly.

This is what the Peruvian family's house looked like, the Tanzanian family house, and the Pakistani family house.

As you can see, each of them are very, very different.

The Pakistani family, they live in a high-rise block, the Tanzanian family own their own house, which is only one story, but looks really modern.

The Peruvian family also own a house, but this house does not look as modern as the other ones.

The cooking facilities of these families are going to vary as well.

This is what the Peruvian family's cooking facilities look like.

They don't have access to electricity, but they do have a fully functioning kitchen.

It is outdoors as well.

This is the Tanzanian family cooking facilities.

This is more modern.

It has access to electrical equipment, but it doesn't give the same standard of kitchen that we might see here in the UK.

The Pakistani family's cooking facilities look more modern and have a specifically fitted kitchen area in the house.

Similarities between the families from Peru, Pakistan, and Tanzania include A, they all have houses made of brick or stone, B, they all have gas or electricity cooking facilities, C, they all have people in their family who work, and D, they all live south of the equator.

Pause the video here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answers are A, they all have houses made of brick or stone, and C, they all have people in the family who work.

Well done in this task.

All the families have mobile phones.

Let's take a look at the type of mobile phones that they have.

This is the family mobile phone in Peru, this is the family mobile phone in Tanzania, and this is the family mobile phone in Pakistan.

Whilst they all have mobile phones, the quality and the standard of the mobile phones vary significantly.

The Pakistan family have a modern iPhone, which means they're able to access apps, videos, photographs, the internet rapidly, whereas the family in Peru don't have access to apps, the internet, and high-quality photograph facilities on their phone.

Children find ways to play in all of these types of places.

Let's take a look.

This is Peru, this is Tanzania, and this is Pakistan.

As you can see, they are all playing and they all look very happy, but the quality of the facilities that they play in vary significantly.

The one in Pakistan looks safe and protected and clean, whereas the other two look more like they are out in the open, with not much protection or security for the children.

All the families have hopes and dreams for the future, and these aspirations reflect the desire to improve their living conditions and quality of life.

Each family's goals are unique, but they all share a common desire for progress and better standard of living.

One family's next big plan is to buy an air conditioner.

With rising temperatures and changing climate, they hope to make their home more comfortable and bearable during the hot months.

Along with this, they dream of buying a new smartphone, a brand new one, like an iPhone, to replace their old, outdated model.

This would not only improve their communication, but also provide access to modern technology, which can be useful for work, education, and staying connected with loved ones.

Another family is planning to purchase a tablet, which they see as a valuable tool for both education and entertainment.

Their dream, however, is to own a car someday.

Having a car would provide them with mobility, allowing them to travel easily, access more job opportunities, and improve their overall convenience.

For yet another family, their immediate goal is to buy a blender and a DVD player, which would improve their cooking and entertainment options.

Their biggest dream is to be able to afford a refrigerator.

A fridge would make it easier to store fresh food and help them keep a better, healthier diet.

These hopes and plants highlight the ways in which families, no matter where they live, work towards making their daily lives more comfortable and efficient.

The specific items they desire may vary depending on their needs and circumstances, but the underlying theme is the same, a desire for progress, better living conditions, and the opportunity to improve their quality of life.

It's a reminder of how dreams, no matter how big or small, can help motivate people to improve their lives and the lives of their families.

Izzy and Sam are having a discussion.

Who is correct? "Photographs tell us about how people live around the world." Izzy said, "Photographs give us clues about how people live around the world." Pause the video here and have a think who is correct, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Izzy is correct.

I would like you to explain why.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why Izzy is correct is because photographs give us a clue about how people live around the world, but there are limitations to how much this tells us.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

I would like you to complete the table describing the similarities and differences between families around the world.

I would like you to focus on housing, cooking facilities, and play.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's check our answers.

Your answers could include some of the following points.

For housing, the similarities were, the families all lived in houses made of brick or stone, and the differences were, the houses were of different sizes, and the family in Pakistan lived in a flat.

Cooking facilities, they all cooked inside using a source of heat.

The difference was, some of the families were using gas and electricity, while the family in Peru were using an open fire.

Play, all the children liked to play outside.

Two of the families were using footballs.

The space the children were playing in were very different.

The children in Pakistan were in a courtyard.

Excellent work on this.

I hope you managed to include some of those points in your answer.

We're now going to explore our second question of today's lesson.

How does life vary within countries? How does life vary in the UK? Do people have the same hobbies and passions? Do people have similar jobs? Are all the houses the same? Pause the video here whilst do you have a think, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Aisha said, "There is a lot of inequality within the UK.

Some people are rich, some are poor, and some people live in big houses, but most don't." And Izzy said, "Yes, when I think of my friends, most people have very different backgrounds." I hope you managed to come up with those answers as well.

People often generalise about what life is like in different countries, assuming that everyone in a country lives in the same way.

However, in reality, life can vary greatly for people within the same country.

Many factors such as wealth, location, job opportunities, and access to services all play a role in shaping daily lives.

Take Sao Paulo, Brazil, for example.

In the city, there are large areas known as informal settlements, neighbourhoods where people build their own homes, often without proper planning or infrastructure.

These areas, while providing shelter for many, typically lack access to essential services like clean water, reliable electricity, and waste management.

On the other hand, just a short distance away, you can find luxury apartments where wealthy families enjoy modern facilities, good education, and stable jobs.

This stark contrast within the same city or country shows how economic inequality can lead to vastly different living conditions.

Some people may have access to better opportunities, healthcare, and education, while others struggle with overcrowding, poor sanitation, and limited prospects.

It highlights the divide between the wealthy and those facing poverty and how this inequality can affect people's quality of life.

Such examples make it clear that even within a single country, people's experiences can be very different based on their social status, location, and access to resources.

These contrasts challenge the idea of a one-size-fits-all lifestyle and emphasise the need to understand the complexities and disparities that exist within societies.

Statistics help us to understand a lot about life in a country, but they don't always show us the full picture.

For example, the GDP in Kenya, which measures the country's economic output per person, in Kenya in 2023 is $5,683.

In comparison, the GDP per capita in the UK in the same year is much higher, $54,542.

At first glance, these statistics suggest that people in the UK on average might have a higher standard of living than those people in the UK.

However, GDP per capita only tells us about the average income and doesn't account for other factors like inequality or the cost of living in each country.

In Kenya, even though the average income might be lower, many people still live a vibrant, full life with rich cultural heritage, strong community connections, and access to some services.

In contrast, in the UK, the high GDP per capita might be influenced by higher cost of living and greater income disparity.

So while statistics like these give us useful information, they only offer a glimpse into the economic situation of a country, and don't capture everything about how life is experienced by individuals in the communities.

What housing, jobs, and pastimes do you think of when you see these statistics? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Life in Kenya might be different from life in the UK, especially when it comes to things like housing, jobs, and pastimes.

In Kenya, many people might live in simpler homes, sometimes in rural areas or informal settlements in cities, where houses could be made of more basic materials like mud bricks or corrugated metal.

Jobs might include farming, fishing, or working in small shops.

In cities like Nairobi, people might work in offices or businesses, but there could still be many people who work in more manual jobs.

For pastimes, people in Kenya might enjoy outdoor activities like football and dancing.

They might also gather with friends or families for celebrations or cultural events.

In the UK, housing might be more modern and varied, ranging from apartments in busy cities like London to detached homes with electricity, running water, and heating.

Jobs in the UK might be more office-based or service-orientated, with roles in technology, finance, and education being very common.

For pastimes, people in the UK might enjoy watching sports like football or going to the cinema.

So these statistics show that jobs, housing, and pastimes can be very different depending on where you live, influenced by a country's economic situation and culture.

The GDP per capita in the UK is A, roughly double that of Kenya's, B, roughly five times that of Kenya's, or C, roughly 10 times that of Kenya's? Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is C, roughly 10 times that of Kenya's.

Well done if you managed to identify that correctly.

GIS helps us to understand how different climates vary across different regions of Kenya.

By providing detailed maps and data, it shows how temperature, rainfall, and other factors differ in various parts of the country.

Kenya has several climate zones due to its diverse geography.

For example, it has coastal regions like Mombasa, which have tropical climates with hot and humid conditions throughout the year, and rainfall is higher here.

The central highlands and areas around Mount Kenya experience cooler temperatures and more moderate rainfall, making these regions suitable for farming crops like tea and coffee.

The Rift Valley region has semi-arid climate with less rainfall and higher temperatures, and the northern parts of Kenya are arid and receive very little rainfall, leading to a hot climate.

Using GIS, we can easily compare these different climate zones across Kenya, making it easier to understand how the environment impacts people's lives and activities in different regions.

Let's take a closer look at this map.

We can see this is an area of high precipitation in Kenya and this is an area of low precipitation in Kenya, and we will know that lives will vary differently based on the climate.

I would like you to fill in the blanks here.

Pause the video and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The blanks are, high precipitation, low precipitation.

Well done.

Landscapes in Kenya are incredibly diverse and very greatly from one region to another.

These different landscapes have an impact on the environment, wildlife, and the way people live in each area.

They have Mount Kenya, which is the highest peak in the country.

It's located in the central parts of Kenya and is surrounded by highland areas.

The cooler climate here supports agriculture, and the fertile volcanic soil is great for growing crops like tea, coffee, and flowers.

The Rift Valley is a huge geological feature that runs from north to south of Kenya.

It's known for its deep, wide valleys, volcanic mountains, and large lakes, like Lake Nakuru.

This region's home to a variety of wildlife as an important area for tourism, with national parks and reserves such as the Maasai Mara.

The Kenyan coast, including cities like Mombasa, has a tropical climate with sandy beaches, coral reefs, and mangrove forests.

In the northern and eastern parts of Kenya, you'll find more arid and semi-arid landscapes.

This is home to vast savannas and dusty plains, and the desert where rainfall is scarce.

Much of Kenya's central and southern regions are covered by savannas and grasslands.

These open plains are home to famous wildlife including lions, elephants, and zebras.

Kenya is also home to several lakes, including Lake Victoria to the west, which is shared with Uganda and Tanzania.

These lakes and surrounding wetlands provide critical resources for both wildlife and local communities, especially in terms of fishing and water supply.

These varied landscapes make Kenya a country of great geographical and ecological diversity, with each area supporting different lifestyles, industries, and ecosystems. Income inequality in Kenya means that people experience very different standards of living based on how much money they earn.

This affects housing, jobs, education, healthcare, and opportunities.

Wealthier people will live in well-developed neighbourhoods with good services, while poorer people often live in informal settlements with limited access to water, electricity, and sanitation.

Rich people have access to higher-paying, secure jobs, while many in poor areas work in low-wage and unstable jobs.

Wealthy families can afford better education, while poorer families often have limited access to quality schools.

The gap between the rich and the poor makes it harder for people to move from poorer backgrounds to improve their lives.

Overall, income inequality means that people's lives in Kenya can be very different, depending on how much money they make, effecting nearly every aspect of their day-to-day lives.

Let's take a look at the different incomes that people might receive in Kenya.

One family receives $62 a month, another family receives $461 a month, and another family receives $3,268 a month.

So you can see there is a great difference in the amount of money families can earn within Kenya.

Housing in Kenya varies greatly, depending on factors like income, location, and social status.

Urban areas in cities like Nairobi, housing is often more modern, with better access to infrastructure like roads, electricity, and water.

However, there is a significant gap between high-income housing and informal settlements.

Wealthier families may live in a gated community or high-rise apartments with amenities like security, water, and electricity, whereas poorer families, however, often live in informal settlements where access to basic services can be limited.

In rural areas in Kenya, housing is often simpler, with many people living in mud or brick houses with thatched roofs or metal sheets.

These houses are typically smaller and less equipped with modern facilities.

Let's take a closer look at some of the houses people might live in in Kenya.

This is the house that belonged to the family that earned $62 a month.

This is the house that belonged to the family that earned $461 a month.

And this is the house that belonged to the family that earned $3,268 a month.

As you can see, they're very different.

The one where the family earns $62 a month looks like it's made out of corrugated iron and doesn't look very safe or stable, whereas a family who earns $3,268 a month has a gated community and is made out of proper structure with bricks, which means it's going to be more hard-wearing and resistant to any hazards that may come.

Laura and Alex are having a discussion.

I would like you to decide who is correct.

Laura says, "People in the UK are richer than people in Kenya." Alex says, "There are people in Kenya who are much richer than many people in the UK." Pause the video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is Alex.

I would now like you to explain why.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why Alex is correct is because the average income in the UK is higher than in Kenya, but there is a big variation in both countries.

There are very wealthy people in Kenya and people on very low incomes in the UK.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

I would like you to tick the boxes to indicate whether the statements are accurate or inaccurate.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Before we check our answers, I would like you to complete one more task.

I would like you to write a response to Jun suggesting reasons why each sentence of a statement might be misleading.

Jun said, "People in countries like Tanzania and Kenya are poor, and this is why they live in bad houses.

The climate in Kenya is really dry, so it probably makes life hard.

People are much richer in the UK." Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's check our answers.

For this first task, I asked you to tick boxes to indicate whether the statements are accurate or inaccurate.

Your answers should look like this.

People in Kenya are poor.

This is inaccurate.

The average income in Kenya is lower than the average income in the UK.

This is accurate.

A large part of Kenya has low precipitation.

This is accurate.

People in Kenya have very few possessions.

This is inaccurate.

Well done if you managed to identify those correctly.

I then asked you to look at Jun's statement and explain why some of the comments he was making might be misleading.

You might have said, for people in countries like Tanzania and Kenya are poor, and this is why they live in bad housing, you might have included some of the following points.

Kenya and Tanzania are different countries, so they should be treated separately.

Many people living within these countries are wealthy and live in high-quality houses, so it is wrong to suggest that everyone is poor.

The climate in Kenya is really dry, so it probably makes life hard.

The climate in Kenya is varied.

Some areas have precipitation of over 1000 millimetres a year.

People are much richer in the UK.

The average in the UK is higher than in Kenya, but there is a big variation in both countries.

There are very wealthy people in Kenya and people in very low incomes in the UK.

Well done if you managed to include some of those points in your answers.

You did brilliantly on that task.

We've now come to the end of our learning in lives around the world, and you've done fantastically.

Before we end this lesson, let's summarise everything that we've learned today.

Life around the world varies due to both physical geography, climate, landforms, vegetation, and natural resources, and human geography, population, culture, economy, and politics.

There are similarities as well as differences in how we live around the world.

Though there are shared goals, such as providing for families and securing services, differences arrive due to wealth, location, and resources.

Inequalities can be seen in housing, education, and access to opportunities.

Within countries, there can be large differences in housing and wealth.

Wealthier people may live in spacious homes, while poorer people may live in informal settlements.

Rural areas often have less access to infrastructure and poverty can persist in urban areas, affecting the quality of life.

Average income can give us a rough idea of a country's wealth, but it doesn't reflect how wealth is distributed.

High GDP may still mean poverty for many, and low GDP countries may have higher standards of living in certain regions.

To understand life fully, we need to consider education, healthcare, and equality.

In summary, life is shaped by both physical and human geography.

Inequality in wealth and housing is a significant issue, and average income alone doesn't provide a complete picture.

A deeper look at culture, resources, and access to services is needed to truly understand life around the world.

Well done on this lesson.

You've done fantastically, and I can't wait to with you again very soon.