the outer layer of Earth where our continents and oceans are and is the layer on which we live

the layer between Earth’s outer core and crust. It is the largest layer of Earth and is mostly semi-molten lava

a boundary where two tectonic plates move together causing volcanoes and earthquakes

a boundary where two tectonic plates move apart, causing volcanic eruptions and earthquakes

Types of volcanoes

Geography

Inside Earth

The movement of tectonic plates

Plate boundaries

Volcanic hazards

Living close to volcanoes

The eruption of Mount Nyiragongo

Earthquakes

The effects of earthquakes

Living in earthquake regions

The 2025 Myanmar Earthquake

The 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami

This unit teaches pupils about the physical processes that lead to tectonic hazards and investigates the geographical pattern of hazards across the world. Pupils will also learn how tectonic hazards affect people in different places and how people seek to manage hazards.

Tectonic hazards: Why is Earth restless?

Lava is underground; magma is on the surface

Magma is underground; lava is on the surface

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Which type of plate boundary is usually linked to explosive volcanic eruptions?

Which type of volcano is broad and has gently sloping sides?

What are the layers of Earth in order, from the surface to the centre?

When magma pushes plates apart at mid-ocean ridges

When plates slide past each other without creating or destroying crust

When a sinking plate pulls the rest of the plate into the mantle

When tectonic plates move because of earthquakes

What is slab pull in tectonic plate movement?

What happens at a constructive plate boundary?

Yes, they float on completely liquid rock

No, they move on the solid but slowly flowing mantle

Do tectonic plates float on liquid magma?

Exit Quiz

Where does magma come from?