a very hot mix of lava, ash, gases and rock that flows rapidly down the side of the volcano

a mudflow formed when volcanic ash mixes with water

all the basic systems in a country, such as transport and power supply

Volcanic hazards

Geography

Inside Earth

The movement of tectonic plates

Plate boundaries

Types of volcanoes

Living close to volcanoes

The eruption of Mount Nyiragongo

Earthquakes

The effects of earthquakes

Living in earthquake regions

The 2025 Myanmar Earthquake

The 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami

This unit teaches pupils about the physical processes that lead to tectonic hazards and investigates the geographical pattern of hazards across the world. Pupils will also learn how tectonic hazards affect people in different places and how people seek to manage hazards.

Tectonic hazards: Why is Earth restless?

Subjects which particular individuals may be sensitive to, eg, adoption, migration, bereavement or death, divorce, poverty, deprivation.

Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Depiction or discussion of famine, disease, natural disasters.

Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

A type of lava that flows slowly down the volcano

A very hot mix of lava, ash, gases, and rock that flows rapidly down the volcano

A mudflow formed when volcanic ash mixes with water

Yes, lava is the only dangerous thing, and you can run out of the way

No, pyroclastic flows are faster than cars, ash, and lahars are also dangerous

Yes, lava is the only danger, but you can safely outrun it

Is lava the only dangerous aspect of a volcanic eruption, and can you just run away from it?

A crack in Earth’s crust where magma escapes

What is molten rock called before it reaches Earth’s surface?

What is the name for molten rock once it has reached Earth’s surface?

What is the name of the hole at the top of a volcano where the lava comes out?

Where are most of the world's volcanoes located?

What is the name of the volcano that erupted and destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii?

Volcanic hazards

Lesson outcome

Content guidance