Hello, my name's Ms. Gilyeat and I'm going to be your geography teacher for today.

In today's lesson, we are going to have a lesson using GIS, looking at analysing flood risk.

Let's get going.

Our lesson outcome for today is that you can visualise flood risk using GIS and analyse the impacts of flooding on people and property.

We've got three keywords for today's lesson.

The first one is the Environment Agency, which is the government body in England responsible for protecting and improving the environment.

It manages issues like flooding, pollution, and climate change.

GIS is a geographic information system, is a computer system that captures, analyses and displays geographic data to help understand spatial patterns.

And to analyse is to break information down into parts, find patterns, relationships or trends, and explain why they are important.

So we've got two learning cycles for today.

We're going to first look at visualising the flood risk using GIS.

And secondly, we are going to have a look at analysing the impact of flood risk using GIS.

Now river flooding is a serious risk to people and property, okay? Now I want you to have a think, is it possible to predict where flooding will occur and what do you think will you use to predict where flooding will occur? (mouse clicks) And then I want you to think, who would find flood risk information useful? Have a quick chat with the person that you are sat next to.

Now a wide variety of people and groups benefit from access to flood risk management, including residents, town planners, business owners, and emergency services, okay? So all of these people or groups of people find it useful to access flood risk information.

Let's check our understanding.

What people and groups may benefit from access to flood risk information? So residents, town planners, business owners, and emergency services.

Well done if you got those right.

Now flood risk in the UK is managed by different government agencies.

So in England, the Environment Agency is responsible for flood risk information.

In Wales, we've got Natural Resources Wales, SEPA in Scotland, and DAERA in Northern Ireland.

They provide information to help people understand and prepare for flooding.

Okay, so if you were wanting to find out information about flood risk in your own area, you can do that by using the Environmental Agency in England.

True or false, the Environment Agency provides flood risk information for the whole of the UK? That is false.

And can you tell me why? The Environment Agency provides flood risk information for England, whereas Natural Resources Wales, SEPA in Scotland and DAERA in Northern Ireland provide information for their respective nations.

So well done if you got that right.

Now data collected by organisations such as the Environment Agency in England is used to create flood risk maps that can be visualised using geographic information systems, okay? So what we're going to do is we're going to have a look at how we can access these flood risk maps.

The ArcGIS Geography Visualiser use information from the Environmental Agency to create a layer showing flood risk in England.

So we're going to watch a video together to find out how we can access find and use this information using the ArcGIS Geography Visualiser.

<v Instructor>In this video,</v> we're gonna use the ArcGIS Geography Visualiser to visualise the flood risk of a town.

The way we're gonna do this is we need to add a layer to the map.

And a layer in a GIS is essentially geographical data that we can put onto the map.

So you'll see the bottom tool bar down here and I'm going to go to where it says Open map.

Now there are a series of other layers I can add if I click this Plus button.

But here the layer that we need is in this Open map button.

So I'm going to click on this.

And you'll see a whole range of different layers come up.

And this one on the second row says Flood Risk in England.

And we're going to click on that.

Now I don't have Flood Risk for Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, because this is based on Environment Agency's data and that's the government agency that works in England.

Now this takes us through to Shrewsbury.

Sometimes pronounced Shrewsbury, but we're not going to investigate here, we're going to go a different place.

So to do that, I'm going to go to the top left-hand corner of the screen and I'm going to click on the magnifying glass where it says Open search and I'm going to type in Keswick.

And here we go.

It says Keswick, Cumbria, England, GBR, so I'm going to click on that, and it's going to take us there.

And the first thing I would always advise, I mean, I can see it says Keswick, Cumbria, England here, but for us to understand where that is in the UK, which is really important, the best thing to do is zoom out.

Now I can come to the top left-hand corner to click on this button or I can just use the scroll wheel of the mouse, which is what I'm doing here.

And I can zoom out, I can still see the circle, and it shows where that is within the UK.

And we can see it's in the Northwest of England.

It's in this area of the district here, Lake District National Park, it's north of the Lake District.

I'm going to come back into it now.

So I'm gonna come back into Keswick, and you'll see on this map that we have a load of blue colours and some squares of different colours as well.

And that is because they're the layers of data that we've now added to this map.

Now for me to understand what they mean, I can click on Legend in the bottom toolbar.

And it shows that these sort of different coloured squares are important buildings that we'll come to later.

And the blue colours are the risk of flooding: the high, medium, low, and very low.

So we can see that Keswick has got significant amount of blue on this map.

Now what I want to do is I want to visualise whereabout in Keswick the flooding is at its worst.

Now to do that, I want to use some geographical language, some directional language.

So that means I want to talk about whether it's worse in the the north, the centre, the south, and like that.

So I've got to think about how I'll do that.

So in order to do that, the first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to zoom out and I'm going to actually click on the map layers.

I'm not going to click on this Remove button.

I'm just going to unclick this box, which basically means we won't see the layers.

I can click that box and it'll come back again.

And all I'm doing is I want to show the extent of Keswick at the moment.

Now I could use different maps for this, so I'm gonna use an imagery map.

And we can see the buildings very clearly on this map.

Now I don't need to be perfect here, but what I do want to do is just draw a line around Keswick, or just around the extent where Keswick lies on the ground.

So I've clicked on this Sketch button in the toolbar and in the Pop-up, I'm going to click on Line, which is under Tools.

And I'm just going to draw it very rough, and it is going to be rough.

It's not going to be perfect.

And I just keep left clicking on this, on my mouse button and it (mouse clicks) draws a line around Keswick.

It doesn't have to be perfect, but it gives us an idea of where Keswick is.

The other thing I want do is I want to make sure that I know where the centre of Keswick is.

Now you might think, oh, that would just be in the centre of this box, but I don't think that's really true.

I'm thinking about the town centre, what the shops and services are.

So if you know this area, you can zoom right in and think about where that centre is.

Now this is, this is Keswick and I know this the sort of main street here.

This is what we Moot Hall.

So I'm going to click on where it says Point in my Pop-up and I'm going to choose a symbol and I'm going to click close to Moot Hall.

I know that that's the centre.

And what that means now is I know as a visual reference where the centre of Keswick is.

So if I zoom back out now, so I can see all of Keswick, I'm gonna come back to the map layers in the bottom, and I'm going to click on the important buildings and I will click on the risk of flooding.

And now I've got a really good visual reference for where the flooding in Keswick is.

So I know this is really the centre of the town, it's 'cause I've put a point here.

So what I can see now, I can see that the centre of the town isn't really at risk of major flooding.

The south and east seems to be not at a risk of flooding.

And where, the thing that really is at potentially a risk of flooding is where this river, the River Greta runs through the north of the town, I can see this risk of flooding around the river and certainly to the west of the town, I can see a risk of flooding as well.

So that's a really good tool for visualising where is at risk of flooding within a town.

<v ->Okay, let's check our understanding.

</v> Which layers of data can be seen on the GIS? The answer for this one is river flood risk and important buildings.

So well done if you got that right.

Okay, we're on to our first task for this lesson.

What I would like you to do is open the ArcGIS Geography Visualizer and you can use the link on the slide here.

And you're going to have a go at completing these tasks.

So create a map showing the flood risk for a town or city in England.

Your teacher may guide you to choose a local area or a place which has a history of flooding, okay? So first of all, you're going to click on Open map in the bottom toolbar.

You're then going to click Flood Risk in England in the Pop-up.

Use the search tool to locate your area of study.

Click Sketch in the bottom toolbar.

And using buttons in the Pop-up, draw a line 'round your town or city and use a symbol to show the centre of the place.

You may want to zoom out and change the base map to Imagery Hybrid to help you.

Secondly, I'd kike you to describe the areas most at risk of flooding in your place of study.

You should use directional language, northeast, southwest, and refer to specific locations.

Okay, let's have a look at the answers here.

Now I have got an example of a flood risk map on the slide here.

However, yours will look different depending on which area of which town or city you have chose to look at, okay? So we've got a nice example of Keswick here, but again, yours won't look the same if you've chosen a different town or city.

Here's an example paragraph.

The areas most at risk of flooding in Keswick are the northern parts of the town close to the River Greta and the west side of the town.

The centre of the town and the southeast of the town are not at risk, okay? Again, you won't have the same paragraph as me, but you can see there how I have used directional language in my answer.

Okay, we're moving on to our second learning cycle here, which is analysing the impact of flood risk using GIS.

Through visualising flood risk maps, people will be able to make effective decisions to manage the risk, okay? So how might looking at flood risk maps affect the decisions of these groups? So residents, town planners, business owners, and emergency service.

Okay, so why might they use flood risk maps and how will that affect their decisions? Have a quick chat with the person that you are sat next to.

Okay, so for residents, flood risk maps may affect where residents choose to buy a house.

So if they were looking at a house and they found that that area was actually at risk of a flood, they might decide to not buy that house.

Town planners may alter what they plan to build in areas of high flood risk, example, car parks rather than houses.

So if they know an area was at risk of flooding next to the river, for example, they might choose to think to put things there which are of lower economic value, such as car parks rather than putting things like community centres or schools, hospitals next to areas at risk, which would be very expensive if they flooded.

Business owners may choose to invest in areas of lower flood risk.

An important thing for a business owner as well is to be able to buy insurance.

If their business is in an area of high flood risk, they might not be able to get insurance altogether or it might be very expensive.

So it's a very important thing to consider for a business owner.

And finally, emergency services will plan and prepare for flooding in areas of high risk.

Okay, so that's really, really important that they know where is at risk and what people will be able to do in those areas if a flood was to occur.

Okay, let's check our understanding.

True or false, only people close to rivers need to look at flood risk maps? That is false.

And can you tell me why? Flooding can also happen away from rivers, especially after heavy rainfall.

When the ground can't absorb the water fast enough, surface water builds up and causes floods even in places far from rivers.

Well done if you got that right.

Now the ArcGIS Geography Visualizer can be used to analyse the people and property at risk from river flooding.

So we're gonna watch this video together to see how we can use the visualizer to do this.

<v Instructor>In this video,</v> we're going use the ArcGIS Geography Visualiser to analyse the potential impact of flooding in Keswick.

So here what we're going to do is we're going to go into a little bit more detail and I'm going to zoom in to look at these different areas of flood risk and think about who and what will be affected if this does flood? So we can see Keswick here.

And what I'm going to do is I'm gonna zoom in to where this stretch of flooding is here.

Now we know, and I'll click on Legend in the bottom toolbar, that currently we've got two layers of data.

One for the risk of flooding at the bottom there, and the other is these important buildings.

So one thing I can do is I can click on any important building, which is in this flood area and it will actually come up with what that is.

And we can see that this is a primary school there that could be flooded.

And we can see places which are really close to flooding.

This is the Keswick Fire Station.

I can go around and I can look at the important buildings which are likely to be flooded.

Here's another museum and I can zoom out and I can go to these different areas over here and do the same.

So these are areas and different buildings which are going to be, are at risk of flooding.

So here's a church and we can see some of the museums there.

I'm going to zoom back into this blue area, and this is all area that's going to be flooded.

But you can see there's an issue here.

At the moment, I know this area's going to be flooded, but I can't really see what's underneath this coloured in area.

I can't see the map anymore because it's obscured by the layer of data.

But GIS allows us to actually see through this layer by adjusting the transparency.

So I've clicked on map layers here and where it says risk of flooding from rivers and sea, I can go onto this, you can see we've got a Swipe here.

We've got what we call Adjust transparency.

And I'm going to click on this now and I'm going to drag the transparency over.

So I guess maybe it's something like 60% and you can now see that what we've got, and I'll remove this, is I can now see what's under this flood risk area.

And, okay, I can see there's lots of buildings here, but what I might want to do is to think, well, what sort of buildings are they? Maybe a good way of checking that would be to change the base map.

So if I click on base maps, and currently it's on a community map, if I click on world imagery, that's the satellite imagery.

And it's quite clear if I zoom in on the satellite imagery that these are houses.

You can see these semi-detached houses here.

So this is important now 'cause what it allows us to do is it allows us to really assess what is at risk from flooding in Keswick.

I can maybe count these houses, I can look at the important buildings, I can zoom to all the different areas to see the different parts that are gonna be flooded and count them up and think about what's there.

I can see here, this is the park land that's going to be flooded.

And I know from clicking on these important buildings what these are.

So it allows us to have a really good analysis of what is at risk and what the impact of flooding in Keswick could be.

You can see how this could be really useful if I was doing some field work trying to assess some of the potential impact of flooding in a town.

<v ->Okay, so let's check our understanding.

</v> If you wanted to change the map from a street map to satellite imagery, you would need to, A, use the sketch tool, B, add A layer, or C, change the base map? The answer is C, change the base map.

Okay, which tool has been used so that buildings can be seen within the flood risk area? So looking at this, which tools have been used? The transparency tool.

So well done if you got that right.

Okay, we're onto our final task For this lesson.

What I would like you to do is open the ArcGIS Geography Visualizer, and the link is on the slide here if you need it, and complete these tasks.

So using the flood risk and important building layers, analyse the people and property that are at risk from flooding.

So first you need to click on Map layers in the toolbar, then click Adjust transparency for Risk of flooding from Rivers and Coasts, which is a layer shown in the pop-up.

Set the transparency to roughly 60% so you can see what is underneath.

Click Base maps in the toolbar and select a World imagery and identify areas of flood risk and examine the buildings within each area.

Don't forget to click in the important buildings to see what they are.

Secondly, I'd like you to have a go at these.

So you're gonna fill in the table to summarise the risks for your area of study.

So in the table you need to see what houses are at risk, any other building types and other spaces which are at risk there.

So you can note those down in the table.

And finally discuss with your partner how you think the local government may try to manage the flood risks in your area of study.

Try to be specific about the areas that would deserve the most attention, good luck.

Okay, so let's have a look.

So here is what your ArcGIS Geography Visualiser should look, something a bit like this.

But obviously you will have different map depending on where you have chosen for your local area.

But we can see there some of the important buildings have been highlighted, looking at the Legend on the right.

And here is what I have found from my area at risk.

So houses, there are approximately 300 houses at risk from the flooding across the town, a primary school and four cultural facilities, museums are at risk and there's some other spaces at risk as well.

So Fitz Park, a caravan park, Davidson Park rugby pitch, and some industrial parks are all at risk of flooding.

Again, you won't have the same answers for me, but hopefully you'll have found some areas that were at risk and jotted them in your table.

Okay, I hope you had a good discussion with your partner.

So here we've got a discussion between Laura and Sofia.

So let's see what these guys said, "I've been to Keswick and there is some flood protection.

There's a glass flood barrier in certain places to try and stop the river from flooding the land.

And Sofia has replied, "I think the council should make sure that more things aren't built in areas at risk of flooding.

Great conversation, Laura and Sofia.

Okay, let's have a look at a summary for today's lesson.

Different groups of people such as residents and town planners make use of flood risk maps.

The Environment Agency provides flood risk information for England, whereas Natural Resources Wales, SEPA in Scotland and DAERA in Northern Ireland provide information for their respective nations.

GIS can be used to visualise flood risk and GIS can be used to analyse the impacts of flood risk as well.

Now that's it for today's lesson.

Fantastic job, some good geography skills there.

And I'll see you next time.

Bye.