Lesson video

Hi, I'm Miss.

Nia.

Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson today.

In this lesson, you'll be able to describe Edward I's first campaign in Scotland in 1296.

Your keywords are on the screen now, and you can write them down if you'd like to.

So we've got allegiance, sacked, oath of fealty.

Let's find out what these keywords and phrases mean.

Showing allegiance is to be loyal to a lord or monarch.

To sack a settlement is to attack it with much destruction and steal things from it.

An oath of fealty is a formal promise to be loyal to the monarch.

So those are our keywords today.

Let's see if we can spot them throughout the lesson and even better, if we use them in our writing.

So this lesson Is all about Edward I and Scotland.

We've got two lesson cycles today, and our first lesson cycle is to do with the Scottish succession crisis.

We're then going to be looking at Edward I's first campaign in Scotland.

I'm super excited about this lesson, I hope you are too, let's begin.

So Edward continued With his efforts to unite Britain under his rule and have the Scots pay him homage.

During this time, Edward I reasserted authority over England after a civil war had divided the country.

He had also conquered Wales after defeating resistance, but had shown he could be a heavy-handed ruler.

Now turning to Scotland, Edward continued with his efforts to unite Britain under his rule.

However, Scotland had an experienced government and monarchy.

Since Edward had already conquered Wales, Edward's initial aim was to have the Scottish pay him homage.

The Scots asked Edward I to help judge the best claimant for the Scottish throne.

Edward picked John Balliol, who in 1292, accepted Edward as overlord of Scotland.

John Balliol was a landowner in both England and Scotland.

Edward believed Balliol would follow his orders and bring Scotland more closely under his control.

In 1292, when Balliol became king of Scotland, he immediately paid homage to Edward for the entire kingdom, something which previous Scottish kings had never done.

Edward had now become the overlord of Scotland.

Over to you, fill in the missing details to correctly complete this sentence.

The first is a person's name.

In 1290, the Scots asked Edward I to help judge the best claimant for the Scottish throne.

Edward picked, who accepted Edward as, of Scotland.

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this check for understanding.

So what did you get?

Well, in 1290, the Scots asked Edward I to help judge the best claimant for the Scottish throne.

Edward picked John Balliol, who accepted Edward as overlord of Scotland.

As their overlord, Edward I expected the Scots to provide knights to assist him in fighting the French.

Military service was a requirement of the feudal system.

However, the Scots were angered by Edward's demands and interference in Scottish justice.

This involved Scottish families who disagreed with the Scottish law taking their cases to English courts.

Edward then further extended his feudal behavior by ordering Scottish knights to assist him in fighting the French.

The Scots instead sided with the French king, beginning a relationship between France and Scotland, known as the Auld Alliance.

Its existence was a deadly threat to England.

The anger caused by Edward's interference did not stop there, however, leading to the Scots invading Northern England.

The anger, caused by Edward's interference, led to the Scots invading Northern England.

In response, Edward invaded Scotland in 1296.

And here's a map showing Scotland attacking England.

Over to you.

Why did Scotland invade Northern England?

Select two correct answers.

A, Edward interfered in Scottish justice.

B, Edward ordered Scottish knights for military service.

C, Edward made an alliance between England and France.

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the two correct answers.

So what did you get?

If you got A and B, you are correct.

Let's move on.

Task A, I'd like you to complete the following sentence starters.

Edward I became overlord of Scotland after.

As overlord, Edward I began.

And lastly, angered by Edward's demands, the Scots.

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this task.

So how did that go?

Let's have a look at this example.

Edward I became overlord of Scotland after a succession crisis in 1290, which caused the Scots to invite Edward to help judge the best claimant for the throne.

Edward picked John Balliol, who then recognized Edward as overlord of Scotland.

As overlord, Edward I began interfering in Scottish justice by allowing Scottish cases to be heard in English courts.

Edward also ordered Scottish knights to assist him in fighting the French.

Angered by Edward's demands, the Scots began an alliance with France, known as the Auld Alliance, and invaded Northern England.

Well done if you managed to include some of those key points, let's move on.

Lesson cycle two.

Edward I's first campaign in Scotland.

Edward had reason to think he could unite England and Scotland under his kingship.

Scotland's rulers swore allegiance to Edward.

Scottish kings married English royalty, owned land in England, and participated in English parliaments.

Scottish rulers did fight against English rulers, but they also fought for England, such as when the Earl of Carrick, the father of Robert the Bruce, helped Edward in Wales.

There were many personal family connections between England and Scotland.

Scottish kings often married English royalty and they owned vast lands in England.

Furthermore, Scotland's rulers were allegiance to Edward as overlord.

This also meant that Scots participated in English councils and parliaments.

The heir of Scotland, Margaret the Maid of Norway, was due to marry Edward I's son, Prince Edward, before she died.

And this raised the possibility of a united England and Scotland under one kingship.

Over to you, why did Edward believe he could unite England and Scotland?

Select three correct answers.

A, Scotland's rulers swore allegiance to Edward.

B, Scottish kings often married English royalty.

C, Edward owned lots of land in Scotland, or D, Scottish leaders fought for England.

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the three correct answers.

So what did you get?

If you got A, B, and D, you are correct.

Let's move on.

By 1296, Edward was almost 60 years old, but still held his reputation for being a fearsome warrior.

Edward's first campaign in Scotland involved an army of 25,000 soldiers and 1000 knights, a larger army than the one used in Wales.

Once again, Edward's army included Scottish soldiers and the Earl of Carrick, the father of Robert the Bruce.

So Edward wanted to demolish the Scottish rebellion and was brutal in warfare.

In March 1296, Edward first laid siege to Berwick Castle and then sacked the town, resulting in thousands of people being killed, many burning to death.

This was intended to act as a warning to the rest of the country.

However, the Scots responded by invading Northumbria in Northern England.

The English response was devastating.

Finally, Edward stormed to victory in Stirling, where the Scottish army had fled before he arrived.

John Balliol was captured, taken prisoner, and surrendered the kingdom of Scotland in July.

Edward had swiftly and ruthlessly conquered Scotland.

The Scots invaded Northumbria and England in April.

Edward's army defeated the Scots at Dunbar.

In Stirling, the Scottish army had fled before Edward arrived.

Over to you.

How did Edward respond to the Scottish rebellion in 1296?

Is it A, he brutally sacked Berwick, killing thousands.

B, he brutally sacked Northumbria, burning the castle.

Or C, he corroborated with the Scottish rebels.

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got A, you are correct.

King Edward brutally sacked Berwick, killing thousands.

Let's move on.

Edward, once again, ruled over Scotland as overlord, and to prove his dominance, he removed an important symbol of the Scottish Kingdom, the Stone of Destiny.

The Stone of Destiny had been used in the coronations of Scotland's kings for 400 years.

Edward took the stone to London where it was placed beneath the English coronation throne to symbolize English domination over Scotland.

Over to you.

Fill in the two correct missing words, hint, they rhyme.

Edward removed the, of Destiny, which had been used in the coronation of Scotland's kings for 400 years.

Edward took the stone to London where it was placed beneath the English coronation.

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this check for understanding.

So what did you get?

Well, let's read this together.

Edward removed the Stone of Destiny, which had been used in the coronations of Scotland's kings for 400 years.

Edward took the stone to London where it was placed beneath the English coronation throne.

Well done if he got that correct, let's move on.

Many Scots began to feel anger towards Edward's rule, even those who had initially supported him, such as Robert the Bruce, the Earl of Carrick's son.

Edward's swift victory in Scotland added to his fearsome reputation as a warrior and conqueror.

However, Edward's rule over Scotland created resistance.

He continued his demands for Scottish soldiers and taxes to assist him in fighting the French.

He ordered landowners in Scotland to swear an oath of fealty.

He used Scottish land and resources for himself and his supporters.

Many Scots began to feel anger towards Edward's rule, even those who had initially supported him.

Back to you.

Edward's rule created further resistance from the Scots.

Is this true or is this false?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got true, you are correct.

I'd like you to justify your answer now.

Is it because A, he ordered Scottish landowners to swear an oath of fealty and use Scottish land and resources for himself and his supporters?

Or B, he ordered the Scottish king to swear an oath of fealty and pay him homage as overlord.

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got, A, you are correct.

Edward ordered Scottish landowners to swear an oath of fealty and use Scottish land and resources for himself and his supporters.

Let's move on.

Task B, one.

Starting with the earliest, sort these events into time order.

So in other words, chronological order.

Edward takes the Stone of Destiny.

Edward orders Scottish knights for military service.

The heir to the Scottish throne dies.

Scotland begins the Auld Alliance.

You can pause the video here and click pay once you've completed this task.

So what did you get?

Well, let's have a look.

To begin with, the heir to the Scottish throne died.

Edward then orders Scottish knights for military service.

Scotland begins the Auld Alliance.

Edward takes the Stone of Destiny.

Well done, if you managed to order these events in chronological order, let's move on.

Task two, describe in one or two paragraphs Edward I's first campaign in Scotland in 1296.

In your answer, include as many of the following words as you can.

Swift, brutal, sacked, Stone of Destiny.

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this task.

So what did you get?

Well, Edward I was a fearsome warrior and his first campaign in Scotland in 1296 was swift and brutal because he wanted to demolish the Scottish rebellion.

It involved a larger army than the one used in Wales and included Scottish soldiers and the Earl of Carrick, the father of Robert the Bruce.

Edward sacked the town of Berwick, resulting in thousands of people being killed, many being burnt to death.

This was to act as a warning to the rest of the country.

John Balliol was captured and taken prisoner.

Then to prove his dominance, Edward took the Stone of Destiny to London, where it was placed beneath the English coronation throne.

Well done if you managed to include some of those key points and for completing the task.

We've now reached the end of this lesson.

Let's summarize our learning.

So this lesson was to do with Edward I and Scotland.

You now understand that in 1292, Edward became overlord of Scotland.

Many Scots resisted Edward's rule and invaded Northern England.

Edward believed he could unite England and Scotland because many Scottish leaders cooperated with Edward.

Edward responded brutally to the Scottish rebellion.

Edward's rule placed more demands on the Scots and created further resistance.

Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson.

I hope you enjoyed it, bye.