Lesson video
In progress...Loading...
Hi, I'm Ms. Mia.
Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson today.
Today, you will be able to explain the struggle between the king and the barons and the introduction of parliament.
Your keywords are on the screen now and you can write them down if you'd like to.
So we've got parliament, government, council, knightly class.
Let's see what these keywords mean.
Parliament, or talking meeting, is the group of political representatives who make laws, grant taxes, and advise the king.
A government is the group of people who officially control a country.
A council is a group of people chosen to make decisions on a particular subject.
The knightly class is the group of landholders beneath the barons.
Super, let's move on.
So this lesson is all about Simon de Montfort and the First Parliament.
We've got two lesson cycles today, and our first lesson cycle is to do with Parliament and Simon de Montfort.
And in the second lesson cycle, we'll be looking at the "First Parliament" and monarchy restored.
Super excited about this lesson.
I hope you are too.
Let's begin.
So towards the end of the 1250s, tensions were high between Henry III and the English barons.
On the left here, we have an illustration of Simon de Montfort.
He was born abroad.
Henry III made him Earl of Leicester.
He married the king's sister, Eleanor.
He was a powerful advisor to Henry.
Towards the end of the 1250s, tensions were high between Henry III and the English barons.
One man, whom the English barons seemed to trust, was Simon de Montfort.
Simon was Earl of Leicester, and he had an overpowering character which clashed with Henry III's style of monarchy.
Once, when Simon and Henry were out hunting together, a thunderstorm broke out over London.
Simon turned to the king and asked what he was afraid of.
Henry replied, "I fear you more than all the thunder and lightning in the world.
" Since Magna Carta, a special meeting of the king's advisors, barons and bishops, had become known as parliament.
And here on the left, we have an illustration of Westminster Hall, where parliament meetings were held.
De Montfort and other leading barons confronted the king in the parliament at Westminster.
In 1258, a parliament at Westminster was called to discuss granting money to Henry.
Simon and other leading barons confronted the king because he was not keeping to the spirit of Magna Carta.
They complained about his constant money-grabbing and his favoring of foreigners.
Parliament met again in June 1258 at Oxford.
The barons were armed and outnumbered Henry and his supporters.
They demanded a radical new way of ruling the country.
Henry had no choice but to accept.
Back to you.
Complete the sentence with the correct word.
"Since Magna Carta, a special meeting of the king's advisors, barons and bishops, had become known as.
.
" What do you think?
You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.
So what did you get?
If you got parliament, well done.
Let's move on.
Back to you again.
Why did Simon de Montfort and other leading barons confront Henry III in parliament?
Is it A, Henry had an overpowering character?
B, Henry was not keeping to the aims of Magna Carta?
Or C, de Montfort was fearful on Henry's strength in warfare?
What do you think?
You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.
So what did you get?
If you got B, you are correct.
Henry was not keeping to the aims of Magna Carta.
Let's move on.
The provisions of Oxford effectively set up a baronial government.
Council of 15.
These demands came to be known as the provisions of Oxford.
The most radical change was that, although Henry III would remain king, he would now only be able to make decisions with the advice of a council of 15 men.
In other words, ultimate power now rested not with the king, but with a council of 15 barons.
This went further than any version of Magna Carta.
It replaced the monarchy with a baronial government.
This diagram, showing the Council of 15 taking control of the kingdom.
Back to you again.
True or false?
The provisions of Oxford demanded that Henry would be able to make decisions without advice.
Is this true or is this false?
You can pause the video here, and click play to continue.
So what did you get?
If you got false, well done.
I'd like you to justify your answer.
Is it because A, the provisions of Oxford demanded a return to the feudal power of William the Conqueror?
Or B, the provisions of Oxford demanded a baronial government which placed ultimate power with 15 barons?
What do you think?
You can pause the video here, and click play to continue.
So what did you get?
If you got B, you are correct.
Well done.
Let's move on.
Task A.
Some students are discussing parliament and Simon de Montfort.
Alex says, "Henry III was a reckless king.
Simon was right to demand change at Oxford.
" Izzy says, "Parliament was meeting long before Simon made his demands.
" One.
Give one supporting example for each of Alex and Izzy's statements.
You can pause the video here and click play once you've done that.
So what did you get?
Well, for Alex's statement, you may have included something like this.
"Simon de Montfort was angry with Henry's reckless spending on failed foreign wars, constant money-grabbing, and favoring foreign barons.
" For Izzy's statement, you may have said something like this.
"A talking meeting of barons and bishops had been meeting since Magna Carta was sealed in 1215.
Parliament agreed laws and granted taxes.
Throughout his reign, if Henry III wanted to raise taxes, he had to have parliament's approval.
" Well done if you managed to include some of those key points and for completing the task.
Let's move on.
Two.
Explain how the Provisions of Oxford demanded a radical way of ruling the country.
In your answer, include as many of the following words as you can.
Advice, council, radical, and government.
You can pause the video here and click play once you're ready to continue.
So what did you get?
Your answer may have included something like this.
Let's read this together.
So, "The Provisions of Oxford stated that Henry would remain king, but he could only make decisions with the advice of a council of 15 men.
This was a radical way of ruling the country because it went further than any vision of Magna Carta.
It replaced the monarchy with a baronial government.
" Well done for completing this task.
Let's move on to lesson cycle two.
So now we're going to be looking at the "First Parliament" and monarchy restored.
Let's begin.
To regain full control of the country, Henry fights de Montfort's forces in the Second Barons' War.
And here we have an illustration on the left showing Henry III fighting his barons.
Henry III and Prince Edward lost the Battle of Lewes and were taken prisoner by de Montfort.
Over to you.
How did Henry III eventually respond to the Provisions of Oxford?
Is it A, he accepted the changes for the rest of his reign?
B, he built support and launched what became known as the Second Barons' War?
Or C, he lost support, and the barons launched the Second Barons' War.
What do you think?
You can pause the video here and click play to continue.
So what did you get?
If you got B, you are correct.
Henry III built support and launched what became known as the Second Barons' War.
Let's move on.
A council of nine now ruled England, with the king forced to put his name to anything it decided.
In 1265, de Montfort called a parliament, sometimes called the "First Parliament", as it not only included barons and bishops, but also those within knightly class as well.
This was the first time that people from all the major regions of England and from ranks below that of a baron had been invited to discuss and to decide the future of England.
So, to sum that up, this diagram shows the structure of the First Parliament.
This was the first time that people from all major regions of England had been invited to discuss and to decide the future of England.
To gain support, de Montfort invited the knightly class, forced Henry to reissue Magna Carta in 1265.
Why did de Montfort need support?
Have a think.
Well, it's because of his attachment to monarchy, de Montfort's unpopularity, an imprisoned king means that there's a broken kingdom.
Over to you.
Why is de Montfort's parliament known as the First Parliament?
A, it included only the barons and bishops across England?
B, it included those from the knightly class across England?
Or C, it was held in a different location than previous parliaments?
What do you think?
You could pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.
So what did you get?
If you got B, you are correct.
De Montfort's parliament is known as the first parliament because it included those from the knightly class across England.
Well done if you got that correct.
Let's move on.
Prince Edward escaped and raised an army who were loyal to the king.
They marched to confront de Montfort.
At the battle of Evesham, de Montfort was outnumbered.
And here we have an illustration of Simon de Montfort being cut to pieces.
He waited for reinforcements, but they never arrived.
Realizing that he could not win, de Montfort chose the fate of a heroic knight.
He would fight to the death.
His hands and feet were cut off.
His supporters were chased into Evesham Abbey and slaughtered.
So Henry III was restored to power.
The diagram shows Henry III being released from imprisonment.
In 1267, Henry III passed a Statute of Marlborough.
Back to you.
What were the consequences of the Second Barons' War?
I'd like you to select two correct answers.
So we've got A, de Montfort escaped on horseback after the Battle of Evesham?
B, de Montfort was cut to pieces at the Battle of Evesham?
C, Henry III was released and the monarchy was restored to power?
Or D, Henry III was released and went into exile in France?
What do you think?
You can pause the video here, and click play once you've selected the two correct answers.
So what did you get?
If you got B and C, you are correct.
De Montfort was cut to pieces at the battle, and then Henry III was released and the monarchy was restored to power.
Back to you again.
How did Henry III compromise once he was restored to power?
Is it A, Henry abolished the feudal system and granted equal rights to all?
B, Henry gave up some of his lands and revenues to the barons?
C, Henry limited the power of the church and the Pope?
Or D, Henry ruled with the advice and consent from the baronial and knightly classes?
What do you think?
You could pause the video here, and click play once you're ready to continue.
So what did you get?
If you got D, you are correct.
Henry is now ruling with the advice and consent from baronial and knightly classes at that time.
Let's move on.
Task B.
Starting with the earliest, sort these events into time order.
Monarchy was restored.
De Montfort was cut to pieces at Battle of Evesham.
De Montfort's First Parliament included people from the knightly class.
De Montfort confronted Henry in the Westminster Parliament.
You can pause the video here, and click play once you're ready to continue.
So what did you get?
Let's have a look.
So we start off with de Montfort confronting Henry in the Westminster parliament.
De Montfort's First Parliament included people from the knightly class.
Then, de Montfort was cut to pieces at the Battle of Evesham.
And then lastly, the monarchy was restored.
Well done if you ordered those events correctly.
Two, write a brief narrative describing the events from the First Parliament of 1265 to de Montfort's defeat at the Battle of Evesham.
You should include the following events in your answer.
De Montfort forcing Henry III to reissue Magna Carta, and lastly, the escape of Prince Edward.
You can pause the video here, and click play once you've completed this task.
So how did that go?
You may have written something like this.
Let's read this paragraph together.
So, "In 1265, Simon de Montfort called the First Parliament.
De Montfort invited members of the knightly class to join the parliament, so they could lend their support to his baronial government, and he forced Henry III to reissue Magna Carta.
Later that year, Prince Edward escaped from prison and raised an army loyal to Henry.
At the Battle of Evesham, Simon de Montfort was defeated by Edward's army.
De Montfort was killed, and his supporters were slaughtered.
" Well done if you managed to include some of those key points, and for completing this task.
Three.
Explain how Henry III tried to fix the power struggle between the king and parliament after he was restored to power.
You could write your answer or take turns in explaining it with a partner.
Points to consider in your answer.
Compromise.
Statute of Marlborough in 1267.
You can pause the video here, and click play once you're ready to continue.
So, how did that go?
Well, you may have said something like this.
"After Henry III was restored to power, he tried to fix the power struggle between the king and parliament by making a compromise.
He tried to take on some of the less radical ideas from de Montfort's First Parliament.
" Izzy says, "Yes, that's why Henry III passed the statute of Marlborough in 1267.
He agreed to rule more with parliament.
He hoped this would fix the power struggle by winning the support of his people.
" Well done for completing this task.
We've now finished this lesson.
Let's summarize our learning.
So this lesson was all about Simon de Montfort and the First Parliament.
You now understand that, since Magna Carta, a special meeting of barons and bishops had become known as parliament.
Simon de Montfort confronted Henry in parliament because he was not keeping to the aims of Magna Carta.
Simon de Montfort established the First Parliament.
Simon de Montfort was eventually defeated in the Battle of Evesham.
And lastly, you understand that Henry III was restored to power.
He accepted some of the baronial demands and ruled more with parliament.
Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson.
