Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

How are you today?

I hope you're doing really well.

My name is Ms. Absal, and I'll be your teacher for this lesson.

I'm feeling pleased about that because we've got quite an interesting topic ahead.

We'll be looking at Magna Carta.

Our lesson is called "The First Barons' War and Magna Carta Reissued.

" I hope that sounds of interest to you.

Our lesson comes from the unit of work, "Magna Carta: How Did Magna Carta Survive?

" So, if you're ready with some energy, focus, and enthusiasm, we'll begin our lesson now.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can explain why Magna Carta was reissued.

I hope that sounds interesting to you.

We have some keywords in our lesson.

I'd like us to go through them one at a time, saying them out loud.

My turn, your turn.

Annul.

Treason.

Regent.

Moderate.

Reissued.

Good to hear those keywords.

Now, I'd like you to share with someone.

Do you know what any of these keywords mean?

Have you heard of them before?

What do these words mean?

Pause here and share with someone.

Thanks for sharing.

Let's take a look at what these keywords mean.

To annul means to abolish or reduce to nothing.

Treason is when someone betrays their country, government, or leader.

A regent is a person who rules a country for a limited period because the monarch is absent, too young, or too ill.

Moderate is when something is not extreme and, therefore, acceptable to a large number of people.

Something that is reissued is printed or produced again.

So, these are our keywords: annul, treason, regent, moderate, and reissued.

Let's look out for them.

Let's listen out for them.

Let's think carefully about these keywords that will be coming up in our lesson today.

Today's lesson is called "The First Barons' War and Magna Carta Reissued," and it has two learning cycles: Magna Carta annulled and the First Barons' War, and Henry III: Magna Carta reissued.

Let's begin by exploring Magna Carta annulled and the First Barons' War.

Magna Carta contained promises which would have been unacceptable to any medieval monarch.

Here we can see an illustration of King John angry at Magna Carta.

Pause here and share with someone, what are some details you notice in this illustration?

Thanks for sharing what you noticed.

King John asked Pope Innocent III to annul Magna Carta.

There we have King John, Pope Innocent III, and Magna Carta annulled.

Pause here and share with someone.

Can you remember what the keyword annul means?

Thanks for sharing.

Perhaps you said that annul means to abolish or reduce to nothing.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Choose the correct keyword to complete the sentence: "As soon as he could, John contacted Pope Innocent III, asking him to.

Magna Carta.

" So, pause here while you complete this sentence by adding in one of our keywords.

Did you add in the word annul?

Let's read the sentence through: "As soon as he could, John contacted Pope Innocent III, asking him to annul Magna Carta," and remember, annul means to abolish or reduce to nothing.

Let's have another check for understanding.

Why did the Pope annul Magna Carta?

Choose three correct reasons: A, because he wanted to support the holy rights of the barons.

B, because he became John's greatest supporter after John publicly submitted to him.

C, because he thought Magna Carta was unholy and went against the king's rights.

D, because John was forced to seal Magna Carta by the barons.

Pause here while you decide, why did the Pope annul Magna Carta?

Which three of these are the correct reasons?

Well done if you selected B, because he became John's greatest supporter after John publicly submitted to him; statement C, because he thought Magna Carta was unholy and went against the king's rights; and statement D, because John was forced to seal Magna Carta by the barons.

These were the three correct reasons why the Pope annulled Magna Carta.

The First Barons' War, 1215, was a civil war between the barons and King John.

Here we can see an illustration of barons cheering Magna Carta.

Pause here and share with someone some details you notice in this illustration.

Thanks for sharing what you noticed.

John successfully laid siege on Rochester Castle, an important victory as it meant he controlled the main road to London.

And here we can see a photo of Rochester Castle in Kent.

Let's have a check for understanding.

The annulment of Magna Carta led to the First Barons' War.

What type of war was this?

Choose from this selection: A, an annulment war; B, a civil war; C, a world war.

Pause here while you decide what type of war was the First Barons' War.

Well done if you selected answer B.

Indeed, the annulment of Magna Carta led to the First Barons' War, which was a civil war.

The barons invited Prince Louis of France to be king of England.

Prince Louis was the son of Philip II.

Here is a portrait of Philip II.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Choose the correct keyword to complete the sentence: "By inviting Prince Louis of France to be the king of England, King John believed the barons had betrayed their country because they had committed.

.

" Pause here while you complete this sentence by choosing one of our keywords.

Well done if you completed the sentence with the keyword treason.

Let's read the sentence through: "By inviting Prince Louis of France to be the king of England, King John believed the barons had betrayed their country because they had committed treason.

" King John lost the crown jewels in the swampy marshes of The Wash.

And here we can see a photo of some swampy marshland.

King John fell ill with dysentery and died on the 18th of October 1216.

And now it's time for your task.

I would like you to write a brief narrative describing the events from Pope Innocent III's annulment of Magna Carta to the death of King John.

You should write one paragraph and include the following events in your answer: King John's siege of Rochester Castle and Prince Louis of France landing in England.

So, pause here while you have a go at this task, writing a brief narrative describing the events from Pope Innocent III's annulment of Magna Carta to the death of King John.

Enjoy your task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

How did you get on with that task of writing a brief narrative describing the events from Pope Innocent III's annulment of Magna Carta to the death of King John?

Your answer may include something like this: Pope Innocent III's decision to annul Magna Carta at King John's request led to a civil war between John and his barons known as the First Barons' War.

The war, which began in the autumn of 1215, started well for King John, and he successfully laid siege to Rochester Castle.

This provoked the barons to invite Prince Louis of France to become king of England.

Prince Louis landed in England and took control of the southeast of the country.

In response, John was forced to flee, and he died of dysentery while crossing the marshes of The Wash in October 1216.

Well done if you completed your task in this way.

And now we're onto our next learning cycle: Henry III, Magna Carta reissued.

John's heir was his nine-year-old son, Henry III.

And here we can see some stained glass showing Henry III's coronation.

Pause here and share with someone any details that you notice in the stained glass image.

Thanks for sharing.

Henry's regents reissued Magna Carta in 1216 to regain the allegiance of the rebellious barons.

Pause here and share with someone.

Can you remember the meaning of the keywords regent and reissued?

Well done if you said that a regent is someone who rules the country for a limited period because the monarch is absent, too young, or too ill, and if something is reissued, it is printed or produced again.

And here we can see more of the stained glass showing Henry III's coronation.

Pause here and share with someone some more details that you notice in this stained glass.

Thanks for sharing.

Let's have a check for understanding.

In 1216, how old was Henry III when he came to the throne?

Choose from this selection: A, nine years old; B, 19 years old; C, 29 years old.

Pause here while you decide, in 1216, how old was Henry III when he came to the throne?

Well done if you selected answer A.

Indeed, Henry III was nine years old when he came to the throne in 1216.

Henry III's regent, William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, is shown here in this effigy.

Pause here and share with someone any details you notice on this effigy of Henry III's regent, William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke.

Thanks for sharing.

So, here's a diagram showing the finding of a compromise.

On one end, we have the monarchy; on the other, baronial government.

And then in the middle, we have a moderate position.

So, we had Magna Carta 1215, which is more in the direction of baronial government, and then we had Magna Carta 1216, which was more in the center.

It was more moderate.

It was choosing the middle way.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which of these clauses did the reissued Magna Carta of 1216 remove?

A, the security clause: if the king broke his promises, a council of barons could take away his land.

B, the security clause: no freeman can be imprisoned unless they are judged by their peers.

C, the security clause: the church should be free from the king's interference.

Pause here while you decide which of these clauses did the reissued Magna Carta of 1216 remove.

Well done if you selected answer A.

Indeed, the reissued Magna Carta of 1216 removed the security clause: if the king broke his promises, a council of barons could take away his land.

Let's have another check for understanding.

What did it seem William Marshal was trying to do with the reissued Magna Carta?

Choose from this selection: A, he was trying to find a moderate center ground that could please both royals and barons; B, he was trying to find a radical way to remove the king from power entirely; C, he was trying to include more radical promises to strengthen the power of the barons.

Pause here while you decide, what did it seem William Marshal was trying to do with the reissued Magna Carta?

Well done if you selected answer A.

Indeed, he was trying to find a moderate center ground that could please both royals and barons.

And now it's time for your next task.

Starting with the earliest, I'd like you to sort these events into chronological order.

Write your answers in the empty flow chart.

So, let's take a look at the events: the Pope annuls Magna Carta, First Barons' War, Henry III reissues Magna Carta, King John seals Magna Carta.

Pause here while you start with the earliest and sort these events into chronological order.

Enjoy your task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

How did you get on with that task of sorting these events into chronological order?

Your correct chronological order should look like this: First of all, King John seals Magna Carta.

Next, the Pope annuls Magna Carta.

Following this is the First Barons' War.

And then Henry III reissues Magna Carta.

Well done if you placed the events in chronological order in this way.

And now for the next part of your task, I would like you to explain in one or two paragraphs why Magna Carta was reissued in 1216.

In your answer, include as many of the following words as you can: regent, reissue, allegiance, barons, moderate, support.

So, pause here while you have a go at explaining in one or two paragraphs why Magna Carta was reissued in 1216, and use as many of these words as you can in your answer.

Enjoy your task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

How did you get on with that task of explaining in one or two paragraphs why Magna Carta was reissued in 1216?

Your answer might include something like this: Henry III's regents reissued Magna Carta in 1216 to regain the allegiance of the rebellious barons.

As Henry was too young, William Marshal was appointed as a regent to rule on Henry's behalf.

Marshal sealed the reissued charter for Henry.

By creating a moderate charter, Marshal was making sure a large number of people would support it.

The barons were happy because the charter was reissued with most of its clauses.

However, to keep the royals and their supporters happy, Marshal made sure that the security clause was removed, as this placed the barons' power above the king.

This was a balance that could avoid another King John, but without having an all-powerful group of barons undermining royal authority.

Marshal's moderate charter helped to end the First Barons' War and create an improved monarchy.

Well done if your answer included some of this information.

Well done for having a go at this task.

In our lesson, "The First Barons' War and Magna Carta Reissued," we've covered the following: King John had Magna Carta annulled.

John's actions led to a civil war known as the First Barons' War.

In 1216, Henry III came to the throne as a child.

Henry III reissued Magna Carta in 1216 without its most radical clause.

Henry's regent, William Marshal, hoped this moderate Magna Carta would mean a better balance between king and barons.

Well done, everyone, for joining in with this lesson.

I thought it was really interesting to explore this period of history, this war, and how Magna Carta was annulled and then reissued.

I really enjoyed teaching you, and I hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

I look forward to seeing you at another lesson soon.

Bye for now.