The minuend is the number being subtracted from.

A subtrahend is a number subtracted from another.

Partition is the act of splitting an object or value down into smaller parts.

When you adjust you make a change to a number. This is done to make a calculation easier to solve mentally.

Solve subtraction calculations mentally by using known facts

Maths

Explain and represent constant difference for subtraction

Explain how constant difference can make written calculations more efficient

Use constant difference to balance equations and find unknowns

Explain how increasing or decreasing the minuend affects the difference

Explain how adjusting the minuend can make mental calculation easier

Explain how adjusting the subtrahend affects the difference: reduction structure

Explain how adjusting the subtrahend affects the difference: partitioning

Calculate the difference using knowledge of an adjusted subtrahend: difference structure

Use equivalence and compensation strategies to solve subtraction problems in a range of contexts

In this unit pupils will explain how increasing or decreasing the minuend affects the difference and solve subtraction calculations mentally using known facts explaining how adjusting the minuend can make mental calculation easier In the future unit pupils will explain how to balance equations with addition or subtraction expressions and use their knowledge of balancing equations to solve problems

In the prior unit pupils used the concept of same sum to simplify and solve addition problems  In this unit pupils will explain how increasing or decreasing the minuend affects the difference and solve subtraction calculations mentally by using known facts explaining how adjusting the minuend can make mental calculation easier

In this unit pupils will explain how increasing or decreasing the minuend affects the difference and solve subtraction calculations mentally by using known facts explaining how adjusting the minuend can make mental calculation easier.

Use equivalence and compensation to simplify and solve subtraction problems

Use a known fact to find the missing number in this subtraction equation.
46 − 0.35 =  {{ }}

Use a mental strategy. {{ }} = 223 − 0.57

Use a mental strategy.
27.43 − 0.22 = {{ }}

Use a mental strategy.
{{ }} = 274.86 − 0.54

Use a mental strategy.
1,367,000 − 17,000 = {{ }}

Use a mental strategy. 9,284,000 − 22,000 = {{ }}

In the following equation, which number is the subtrahend?
21 − 4 =17

Solve the following calculation mentally by adjusting the minuend and subtrahend.
76 − 22 = {{ }}

Solve the following calculation using a mental strategy.
{{ }} = 150 − 68

Solve the following calculation mentally by adjusting the subtrahend and then the difference.
165 − 27 = {{ }}

Solve the following calculation using a mental strategy.
{{ }} = 4,050 − 98

Select the equivalent expressions (equal value) from the list below.

Solve subtraction calculations mentally by using known facts

Lesson outcome