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Hello.

My name is Mr. Robertson, and I am delighted to be learning with you today.

I love RE.

I hope by the end of this lesson, you will, too.

This lesson is in our unit with a big question, worldviews.

How is our country and community changing? And our lesson title today is all about changing context and worldviews in the UK.

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to use census data to describe how worldviews vary according to geographical context in the UK.

We have four key words today.

I'm going to say the key word first, and then I'm gonna ask you to say it next.

So we have census.

Amazing.

Context.

Brilliant.

Pattern.

Fantastic.

And worldview.

All brilliant.

Well done, everyone.

So a census is a national survey that's held every 10 years in England and Wales.

Context means the situation, background, or circumstances around something.

Pattern is a repeated way that something happens.

And a worldview is the way people see, interpret, and inhabit the world.

All of these keywords are gonna be coming up many times, and I'm really confident you'll know them by the end of this lesson.

So in this lesson on changing context and worldviews in the UK, we have two parts.

The first part of our lesson is asking the question, what patterns can we see using the census data? Let's go.

So Alex is going to explain for us how we use social science in religious education because this lesson uses the tools of social science.

Alex says, "Social scientists are interested in how people live and how context like where they live or when they lived affects this.

We could better understand people's worldviews by looking at photographs or analysing data.

We can survey or interview people to find out more about their worldview." Okay, so that's the idea about what social scientists do in RE and how we're going to use that in today's lesson.

Well, in this lesson we're going to be examining maps about certain religions and worldviews in the UK and why they're found more in certain areas than others.

So we're going to be using some tools here.

We're going to be looking at some maps and data.

And later, we're also going to be interviewing some people as well.

So Aisha and Jacob are talking about the word "context." Aisha says, "We can use census data to find out which religions and worldviews are found in England and Wales.

But I wonder if across England and Wales people have similar worldviews?" Jacob's listening to this, and he says, "It would be interesting to compare worldviews across England and Wales to see if there are any patterns." So we know we can get the figures for England and Wales as a whole, but what about different areas within England and Wales? What do you think? What ideas do you have about this? Do you think there would be any patterns or variations across England and Wales? Or would everyone in the same area have similar worldviews? You might want to take this moment to pause the video, talk to the person either next to you or somebody else.

What interesting discussions I can see you are already having about this.

Well, let's start by looking at some data.

On your screen you will see a map.

And this map shows part of England and Wales.

You'll notice that you can see some major places in the UK.

You'll see that most of the map is green and that there's some different colours.

Now, this map uses census data to show where people who have a Jewish worldview, who would say that they are Jews, where they are located.

The darker the colour on the map, the greater the concentration of Jews that are living here.

So where it's a really dark blue, that's where we have lots and lots of Jewish people living together, but in a very concentrated way.

And lighter blues and greens is where there's a good number of Jewish people as well.

I wonder what patterns you notice from looking at this map.

Are there any particular places where there look to be lots of Jews? Again, you might want to pause the video now.

Have a look.

Talk to the person next to you and see what you can spot using your social scientist eyes here.

All some interesting ideas.

So what you may have noticed straight away is that Jews are not evenly spaced in England and Wales.

There aren't the same amount of Jews in every single bit of England and Wales.

In fact, some cities, and you may have spotted these yourself, such as London, Leeds, and Manchester, have a high number of Jews.

And there's also quite a lot of Jews near Newcastle upon Tyne as well.

Well done if you spotted that.

So isn't that interesting? We have a particular pattern of Jewish people in England and Wales, in cities like London, Leeds, and Manchester.

Well, why is that? Well, of course, the reason is to do with history.

There have been Jews living in this country for centuries, but particularly, in the early 20th century, there was persecution.

Jews were being killed and targeted, particularly in areas in Russia and Eastern Europe.

And so many of those Jews fled and were offered sanctuary in the UK, and they settled.

And they settled in places where there'd been Jewish communities before, such as in London, Leeds, and Manchester.

And they found work there.

And so those communities have been there for a long time, and they've continued to be there.

Let's just think about this.

True or false? There is an even amount of people with a Jewish worldview across England and Wales.

Pause the video and have a think.

Well done, social scientists.

It's false, isn't it? Why? Well, because we said the census data shows us that there are greater numbers of Jews in cities, such as Manchester, Leeds, and London.

Well done if you got that right.

Let's dig into this a little bit further because the census data is really useful.

But let's try talking to some Jewish people to find out a little bit about why they live where they do.

So here's Rafi.

Rafi is Jewish.

He has an Orthodox Jewish worldview, and he lives in London.

Rafi says, "There have been lots of Jewish people in my part of London for a very long time.

I go to a Jewish primary school.

I love living in an area with a large Jewish community.

It's easy to find Jewish sweet treats and kosher food in the shops!" If you remember, kosher food is food with a special certificate, which means that Jewish people can eat it, and it fits in with their religious laws.

Here's a photograph of Rafi's synagogue in London.

And Rafi lives within walking distance of his synagogue.

He's going to explain a little bit more.

He says, "Most Orthodox Jews want to live within walking distance of a synagogue as we don't drive on Shabbat." So on Shabbat, every week, most Orthodox Jews try not to do any form of driving or anything which involves any form of work.

So he's going to live somewhere he can walk to.

Let's think about this.

Why might Orthodox Jews like Rafi live in certain areas of a city like London or Manchester? Is it a, to be close to a Jewish primary school, b, because Jews have to live near each other, c, to be within walking distance of a synagogue, d, to be close to shops selling kosher food? Which of those answers seem to make most sense from what we've learned from Rafi? Pause the video and have a think.

Oh, I can see some brilliant answers here.

Let's see.

Yeah, a.

Rafi talked about wanting to be close to his primary school, didn't he? He also said it was really important to be within walking distance of a synagogue, particularly for Shabbat.

And he said he liked being close to shops selling kosher food so he could have some of the really lovely food he likes to eat.

Brilliant if you've got those correct.

Let's dig a little bit more.

We're going to meet Sherri now.

Sherri has a secular Jewish worldview, which means that she is Jewish by identity, but she doesn't necessarily believe in God or always go to synagogue.

And she lives in Bristol.

Now, if you remember from that map we looked at earlier on, there's not a massive concentration of Jews in the city of Bristol in the southwest of England like there is in London, for example.

Let's see what Sherri's experience is.

Sherri says, "Bristol has quite a small Jewish community.

We have two synagogues.

One is Orthodox and one is Progressive.

I have lots of friends from many different worldviews.

I don't observe Shabbat strictly so I can drive to our synagogue and live further away." So we can see a difference there.

Rafi and Sherri are both Jews, but because Sherri is secular and she goes to a Progressive synagogue, she's happy to live a bit further away and drive to her synagogue on Shabbat.

And so the choice of where she lives is gonna be different to Rafi and his family.

Here is a photograph of Sherri's synagogue.

Interesting.

It looks quite different, doesn't it, from Rafi's synagogue.

Actually, this used to be a different building before it became a synagogue.

Sherri says, "Our synagogue is very humble.

It was not built as a synagogue.

It was originally a terraced house, but now it is two houses joined together.

We are a very welcoming community to all." So we can see, can't we, that Sherri, in her city, with a much smaller Jewish population, the synagogue she worships at was originally a house because there wasn't necessarily a big historic Jewish community like there is in places like London and Manchester.

Okay, I've got a task for you now.

We're gonna be thinking about what we've learned so far.

You've got your map here showing the census data about patterns of Jewish population in England and Wales.

And I'd like you to use this data to make three statements about the Jewish population.

I've given you some sentence starters to help.

The census data tells me that.

So what can you say about what patterns you can see about where Jews might be found from that map? Two, can you describe that pattern? Three, Rafi and Sherri explained that being Jewish looked different in London and Bristol because.

Can you remember? What did Rafi say he did? And what was it like where he lived? What kind of facilities were there? Where did he go? What was his choices about synagogue? And what about Sherri? What did she say about the Jewish community in Bristol? Where did she live? And what choices did she make? If you put all that information together, you should come up with some three really great statements using the data and the case studies to help you.

Off you go.

Oh, I've had some really amazing things here.

Let's have a think.

So you might have said something like, "The census data tells me that religion and worldviews are not equally spread across England and Wales, so you don't necessarily find the same worldviews in every single bit of England and Wales." A pattern you may have noticed was that many Jewish people can be found in cities like London, Leeds, and Manchester.

And Rafi and Sheri explained that being Jewish looked different in London and Bristol because in London, Rafi went to a Jewish primary school.

As an Orthodox Jew, he wants to live within walking distance of his synagogue as his family will not drive on Shabbat.

Sheri is a secular Jew and lives in a smaller Jewish community.

She does not live close to her synagogue as she's happy to drive on Shabbat.

So well done if you managed to say something like that.

Brilliant learning so far.

So for the second part of this lesson, we're going to be asking the question, where are Muslims found in the UK? So we've learned a little bit about where Jews and people with the Jewish worldview live.

Let's now think about the next thing.

Aisha and Jacob are talking about why we get patterns.

Aisha says, "The census data is really helpful to look at patterns and spot where people live.

But it doesn't tell us why they live there." And Jacob says, "To do that, we would need to ask people themselves about the reasons for this." What do you think? What ideas do you have about this? So we looked at some census data before and we spoke to some Jewish people.

Why might it be important to talk to people as well as just look at data? Oh, some really, really interesting ideas.

Thank you.

So we're going to look at a map of England and Wales again.

And like before, it uses census data.

This time the data is going to show us where people who have a Muslim worldview are located.

And again, the darker the colour on the map, the greater the concentration of Muslims that are living there.

So where we have some really dark colours like dark blues, that's where you are going to find a really high number of Muslims. And where it's a much lighter green, there are fewer Muslims. And again, I'd like you to pause the video and look very carefully at the map and think, what patterns do you notice from looking at this map? Are there any particular places in England and Wales where we could see there are high numbers of Muslims? Interestingly, you might think, are they similar or different from where we saw high numbers of Jewish people as well? Pause the video and have a think.

Yes, I can see we are really thinking like sociologists.

We are using the tools of sociology here, aren't we? Okay, so we've found that many Muslims can be found all over the country.

So Muslims are more spread out around the country, relatively, aren't they, than the Jews that we looked at earlier in the different map.

However, we can also see that there are large concentrations of Muslims in some major cities.

For example, Birmingham, London, Manchester, and close to Leeds.

Places like Bradford and parts of the Northwest.

Why do you think that more Muslims are found in these cities than in other areas of England and Wales? Again, you might want to pause the video here and see if you can come up with any thoughts.

Why is it that some cities like Birmingham, London, Leeds, Bradford have high numbers of Muslims, whereas other parts of the country have less? Again, some really good thinking here.

Let's try a true or false.

Muslims can be found across the UK, particularly in larger cities such as Manchester and Birmingham.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a think.

Great thinking.

It's true, isn't it? Why is it true? Because we saw that Muslims could be found in high concentrations across larger cities in the UK.

Well done if you got that right.

So we can better understand where Muslims are found in the UK by looking at case studies and interviewing people, because that's going to give us a lot more rich detail.

Maps and the data is really helpful, but it doesn't tell us the stories underneath about why people live where they do.

So we are going to meet two people, Meryem and Fatemeh.

They both are Muslims with a Muslim worldview.

Meryem is a Sunni Muslim and Fatemeh is a Shi'a Muslim.

And they both live in Manchester.

So now we're going to look at another map.

This map zooms in to Manchester itself.

If you look carefully in the middle of the screen, you can see the word "Manchester." And you might be able to see a thick black line that goes around the edge.

That black line is the city of Manchester.

So we can look at patterns across the country, but we can also look at patterns within places as well.

What patterns do you notice inside the city of Manchester? Are Muslims found equally everywhere? Meryem's going to help us.

She says, "The darker the map, the larger the population of Muslims." And she says, "I know that 22.

3% of people in Manchester are Muslim." So that means that nearly one in five people who live in Manchester are Muslim.

That compares to about 6% nationally.

So there are a much higher number of Muslims in Manchester than there are in other parts of the country.

Fatemeh says, "The higher populations seem to be in the centre of the city." If you look really carefully, you can see in the middle you've got some really dark blue areas, and that's where the highest number of Muslims are.

And then as you go further out, it gets a lighter colour, which means there are less Muslims there.

Meryem says, "The centre of Manchester is where the Muslim community first settled." That's why it still has the largest population." So history is a really important part of understanding context.

And so when Muslims first started living and settling in Manchester, they settled in the city centre.

And so that area still has a high Muslim population.

Fatemeh says, "In the last 10 years, Muslims have begun moving to other parts of Manchester, so the population is increasing there as well." And so that's a really interesting thing about context.

Things don't stay the same, and they're starting to change.

And so as the Muslim community has lived there, people are starting to move out out the city centre into other parts of Manchester.

So thank you, Meryem and Fatemeh.

We're really learning a little bit more here.

What percentage of people in Manchester are Muslim? Let's just check our understanding.

Can you remember what we were told? Pause the video and have a think.

Excellent.

The census showed us that 22.

3% of people in Manchester are Muslim.

Well done if you got that right.

Meryem's going to tell us a little bit more about herself.

She lives in Manchester, and her family moved out from the centre to the suburbs.

Meryem says, "We wanted to live somewhere with a bigger house and closer to the countryside.

There has been an increase of Muslims in my area over time.

We now have a mosque which attracts people of all cultures.

I have more Muslim friends at school now than in previous years." Really interesting.

So why did Meryem's family move out of the centre? You might want to talk to the person next to you.

Meryem's mosque was converted from a disused church.

Meryem says, "Our local mosque was built for the new community moving here.

It holds Islamic classes and activities for children and adults in English and other languages.

I can learn Arabic, my home language, there, too." You can see a photograph of her mosque.

And you can see it used to be a church.

I don't know if you can see.

Carefully, at the top you can see an old tower.

But as the new community moved here, it's become a mosque.

You can see some Arabic writing if you look carefully as well.

And now that's a new centre for the community.

So Meryem has new Muslim friends at school, and she can learn Arabic, which is her home language, as well as English at this mosque.

Let's think about what she's been saying.

What does Meryem like about living on the outskirts of Manchester? a, she has more Muslim friends in her school.

b, there are lots of diverse shops and restaurants.

c, she has a local mosque to attend.

Think about what she said, pause the video, and have a think.

Excellent.

It was a, she has more friends in her school, and b, she has a local mosque to attend.

Well done if you got that right.

Fatemeh still lives is in Central Manchester, so she's going to explain why she likes living there: There's lots of diversity in Manchester with people from all backgrounds and cultures.

I love finding Iranian food in the shops and eating out in different restaurants.

The Manchester Islamic Centre holds classes and events as well as prayers for Shi'a Muslims, particularly from an Iranian background like me.

So Fatemeh really likes the centre of Manchester.

She likes the fact there's lots of backgrounds and cultures there.

And she can find Iranian food, which is her heritage, in the shops.

And she likes going to different restaurants.

And she also talks about a place that she goes to pray, Manchester Islamic Centre.

We can see a photograph here.

And this is the Islamic Centre in Manchester, and it was once a warehouse.

You could see it wasn't designed as a purpose-built mosque, but it's been converted.

Fatemeh says, "The centre was built for the growing Shi'a community in Manchester.

I attend during festivals like Eid, or cultural events linked to my Iranian heritage.

It helps me connect to my roots, speak Persian, and also meet people from a similar background to me." So Fatemeh, that centre is really, really important for her because she can go to Eid, she can go to find out people from the same background as her, and enables her to keep speaking the language Persian.

So let's think about this.

What does Fatemeh like about living in the centre of Manchester? a, there are lots of diverse shops and restaurants.

b, she can connect with her roots and speak Persian.

c, she's close to the countryside.

Pause the video, social scientists.

Have a think.

Excellent.

It's a, lots of diverse shops and restaurants, and b, connecting with her roots and speaking Persian.

Well done if you got that right.

Okay, our final task.

We're gonna be thinking about this question, where are Muslims found in the UK? And like before, we're going to use the census data and our case studies.

What I want you to do is this.

Use the census data and the case studies to make three statements about the patterns of Muslim people across Manchester.

Meryem has helped us by starting the discussion.

She says, "My mosque is located in the suburbs of Manchester, so our population of Muslims is lower than the centre of the city." So that's something we know about patterns in Manchester.

I'd like you to continue.

The census data tells me that.

What does it say about the idea of people from different worldviews and where they are? A pattern I noticed was.

What do you notice about the pattern of where Muslims lived in Manchester? Where are they found in a high concentration, or a less? The case studies of Meryem and Fatemeh told me what? What can you tell me about Meryem living out in the suburbs and what her experience of her being a Muslim was? And what can you tell me about Fatemeh, a Shi'a Muslim living in the centre of Manchester? What did she do? And what did she like about living there? Okay, social scientists.

Think about analysing this data, using those interviews.

Really look forward to seeing what you come up with.

Awesome, excellent.

Amazing work there.

So you might have said, "The census data tells me that 22% of people in Manchester are Muslim." You might have noticed a pattern that most Muslims live in the city centre and the further from the city centre you go, the less Muslims there are.

You might have mentioned something about the history.

That's historically where most Muslims are found, and they're gradually starting to move out of the city centre.

The case studies might have told you that some Muslims live in the city centre, like Fatemeh.

She likes the shops and restaurants, and she can learn Persian at the Islamic Centre.

Some Muslims have moved to the suburbs, like Meryem.

She likes having Muslim friends in her school now and going to her local mosque which had grown up as the community grew.

And you might have mentioned as well that her mosque used to be a church and has now become a mosque.

Brilliant work, social scientists.

I really hope you've liked learning about different Muslims and Jews in England and Wales, and where we find them.

And well done for all the hard work you've done.

Let's summarise our learning today.

We've learned that we can better understand worldviews by looking at context.

For example, where people live.

We've learned that we can use the census data to look where people from different worldviews choose to live and spot patterns.

We've learned that some people, such as many Jews and Muslims, could be found in particular places because of history and culture.

For example, living close to places of worship.

And finally, we've learned to understand more about why people live where they do, we can interview different people.

You've been brilliant today in this RE lesson.

I hope you've enjoyed it, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you again.

Thank you.