Hello there, my young scholars of religion.

My name is Ms. Marx and I'm going to be your religious education teacher today.

Today we're going to be doing all about the festival of Id ul-Adha, which is very closely connected to the story of Ibrahim and his son Ishmael.

So when you're ready, let's go.

So by the end of this lesson today, you'll be able to explain the importance of Id ul-Adha and how it's celebrated by Muslims. So let's start with our key terms. Hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah that Muslims are obligated to take once in their lifetime.

Ibrahim, an important prophet in Islam who was willing to sacrifice his son and re-build the Ka'aba with him.

Qurbani, Arabic term for sacrifice; an animal is sacrificed as part of Id ul-Adha.

Sacrifice, to give up something very important to you or to kill something as an offering to God.

So look out for those in today's lesson.

So our lesson today will have two sections, Id ul-Adha, and Id ul-Adha today.

So let's start with our first section, Id ul-Adha.

What is the most precious thing that you have? Pause the video and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, I wonder if you have some of these ideas.

Lucas says, "A special letter from someone important." Izzy says, "Photos of me with my family when I was little." And Alex says, "A pebble from a beach in my favourite place." I wonder if some of those was similar to the things that you said were most precious to you.

What Ibrahim was willing to give up his most precious thing for Allah and this great obedience to Allah is part of why Muslim celebrate the festival of Id ul-Adha.

So let's look to the Arabic route then, because the name Id ul-Adha comes from Arabic and has this meaning.

Id, which means a yearly festival, sometimes spelled as Eid, E-I-D.

And Adha, which comes from the Arabic term udhiyah, which is sacrificial animal or act.

So we can see from this, it's the Festival of Sacrifice.

Id ul-Adha is known as the Festival of Sacrifice.

Sometimes it's called the Greater Id.

So Id ul-Adha is celebrated once a year at the end of the month of Dhul-Hijja.

And it's celebrated at the climax of the Hajj pilgrimage, which happens during that month.

And it has a focus on an animal being sacrificed for Allah with the meat being shared.

So why is Id ul-Adha connected to the Hajj pilgrimage then? Can you think of how they might be connected? Pause a video and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, let's find out.

The story of the sacrifice is told in the Quran and it's here in Surah 37.

"Ibrahim said, 'O my son, I've seen a dream that I'm sacrificing you; see what you think.

' He said, 'O my Father do is your commanded.

' We called out to him, 'O Abraham! You've fulfilled the vision.

' Thus we rewarded the doers of good.

This was certainly an evident test.

And we redeemed him with a great sacrifice." So what does this town Muslims about that sacrifice that Ibrahim was asked to make then? Pause the video and have a reread and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, here we have that Ibrahim dreamt he was to sacrifice his son, but that it was a test and he passed the test by being willing to do it.

Ibrahim was willing to sacrifice his son who was also willing, and it was a test and he was rewarded by an animal being their placed to be the sacrifice instead.

So Ibrahim was a prophet who had two sons and they were both very precious to him as he'd struggled to have children.

And in the Quran the story is told that Ibrahim had a dream where God told him to sacrifice his son, even though his son was very special to him.

Ibrahim was willing to do this and so was his son.

The Qur'an didn't state which son this was.

But Muslim traditions generally state it was Ishmael.

And Ishmael and Ibrahim went to Mount Arafat to perform the sacrifice.

As Ibrahim bound his son and was about to kill him, Allah told him he didn't need to.

Ibrahim had shown he was willing to give up his most precious thing.

According to Muslim tradition, a ram appeared on the spot where Ibrahim was about to kill his son and believed this to be miraculous.

Ibrahim had passed the test and the ram was sacrificed instead of the son.

Today, Muslims remember the story of Ibrahim as they performed many of the rituals of Hajj and the sacrifice of an animal for Id ul-Adha happens at the end of the Hajj pilgrimage.

Although Muslim from all over the world also celebrate this event.

This will involve going to the mosque, the special Id prayers as well as the sacrifice of an animal in the memory of what happened in the story of Ibrahim.

So let's look to a source of authority that supports this connection between the Hajj pilgrimage and the celebration of Id ul-Adha then.

And in the Qur'an, which is the ultimate source of authority for Muslims, it says, "Announce the pilgrim of humanity.

That they may witness the benefits for themselves, and celebrate the name of God for providing them with animal livestock.

So eat from it and feed the unfortunate poor." And this is in Surah 22.

How does this passage show a link between Hajj and Id ul-Adha then? Pause a video and have think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, here we've got announcing the pilgrimage, but then also having this connection to animal livestock and feeding the unfortunate poor.

The pilgrimage, Hajj, is to be proclaimed so people from all over the world can attend it.

Sacrifice livestock on Id ul-Adha is an act of devotion to God and the meat is to be eaten and shared with the poor and needy.

So what Muslims do on Id ul-Adha then? Well, they will pray together, sacrifice an animal, share the meat of the animal, visit their family and some visit the graves of loved ones.

Let's do a quick check to see what we've learned.

Id ul-Adha has celebrated at the end of the month of the Ramadan.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go.

We'll see what you've got in a moment.

That is false, isn't it? But why? It's false because is I'd ul-Fitr is celebrated at the end of the month of Ramadan.

Id ul-Adha is celebrated at the end of the month of Dhul-Hijja.

Well done.

So the animal that's sacrificed for Id ul-Adha is known as the qurbani, and this word has these root letters in Arabic and we can always look to the root letters of an Arabic term to kind of understand what it means a little bit more.

And we've got q, r, and b.

And these root letters mean closeness or nearness.

So a sacrifice can be said to bring people closer to God.

Not only do we see this word or these root letters appearing within Arabic though, we can look to other languages and see how it connects to the sense of sacrifice.

And I think this is absolutely fascinating.

Other related languages from the same group have similar words.

In Hebrew we've got qorban, which means sacrifices made in the temple within Judaism.

And Syriac, we've got qurbana, meaning the offering of Christ in the Eucharist.

So the sense that Jesus sacrificed his life for Christians.

And that's found within Christianity.

So we have that same sense of drawing closer or nearer to God through a sacrifice.

The meat of the qurbani is a sacrifice for Allah and it's cooked and eaten.

So it's not sacrificed and then left.

It's sacrificed and then cooked and then shared.

It's eaten.

The qurbani meat is shared with immediate family, friends and neighbours, and then the poor and needy.

So it's often split into these three different sections.

How could sharing the qurbani meat support members of the Ummah, the worldwide and community then? Pause the video and have a think and have a look at the way that it's shared out.

And you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, this supports the idea that all Muslim are celebrating this together.

And by sharing, everyone can take part in this celebration.

A source of authority that supports the sharing of the qurbani is in the Hadith the Prophet Muhammad said "He is not a believer whose stomach is filled while his neighbour goes hungry." How could this Hadith relate to the sharing of the qurbani then? Pause the video and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

We have this idea of sharing what you have with other people is a sign of your faith.

Prophet Muhammad encouraged Muslims to share their food, actions to show beliefs are important in Islam.

And sharing the qurbani meat is a way to stop your neighbour being hungry.

Well, Laura and Jun are discussing now what's most important about Id ul-Adha? Laura says, "I think the most important part of Id ul-Adha for Muslims would be remembering that Ibrahim was willing to sacrifice his son for Allah.

This reminds Muslims that everything they have comes from Allah and they should be willing to give it up for him." And Jun says, "Yes, but sharing the qurbani is really important too.

I think it's even more important because it helps others who may not be able to afford to eat meat to have some.

This is following the instruction of the Prophet Muhammad." I wonder which these you find the most convincing and why? Pause a video and have a reread and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Let's do another check to see what we've learned.

What is the name given to the animal which has sacrificed as part of Id ul-Adha? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've got in a moment.

It's the qurbani.

Well done.

Let's do a practise task to see what we've learned then.

Here is a full evaluation question.

Laura has planned her points in support of the statement, and you can use her planning points to write a paragraph in support of the statement.

Her points are on the next slide.

"Id ul-Adha is the most important Muslim festival," and you're going to evaluate this statement.

And in your response, you should refer to Muslim teaching and give recent arguments to support this statement.

And her planning points are, it can be known as the greater Id because it lasts longer than other festivals.

It's celebrated at the end of the month of Hajj.

It remembers the story of Ibrahim and it has a focus on sharing with others by donating the qurbani.

So pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, some great thinking there.

You might have said, some Muslims may argue that Id ul-Adha is the most important festival as it's known as the greater I'd, meaning it's more important.

It's connected to the Hajj pilgrimage and the story of Ibrahim being willing to sacrifice his son.

Ibrahim is a very important prophet in Islam, and Muhammad was descended from him.

Sharing the qurbani meat shows how important this festival is.

Just as Ibrahim was willing to give up his son, Muslims give up some of the precious meat for those who are less fortunate." Well done.

So onto our second section then, Id ul-Adha today.

Id ul-Adha is celebrated all over the world, not just by the Hajj pilgrims of that year.

Many Muslims will decorate their houses, send cards and gifts, share greetings like "Id mubarak," and have gatherings with many family members.

So Jun is asking Noor, "What do you like most about Id ul-Adha, Noor?" And Noor says, "I love celebrating Id ul-Adha.

We go shopping beforehand for new clothes and spend time getting the house ready.

My favourite thing to do is visiting my neighbours and sharing our food with each other as Muhammad instructed us to.

Plus, everyone looks so great in their Id clothes." And you do too, Noor.

Well done.

What source of authority could link to what Noor has said? Pause the video and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Perhaps we could use that source of authority about people not being believers if their neighbour goes hungry while they have food.

Well done.

And Laura's asking Ahmed, "What do you like most about Id ul-Adha, Ahmed? And Ahmend says, "This year I went to the mosque with my family to listen to the Id prayers.

It was very special to be together and think about Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his most precious thing for Allah.

I love Id ul-Adha because the food smells so good and sometimes I get given Id presents too!" And doesn't he but great in his Id outfit as well? Thank you, Ahmed.

What source of authority could link to this then? Pause the video and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Let's do a quick check to see what we've leanred.

Is this true or false? Id ul-Adha is celebrated by Muslims worldwide, including by those performing Hajj in Makkah? Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done.

That is true.

When meat is eaten as qurbani, the animal must be domesticated and not wild.

It must be permitted halal to eat, so it cannot be pork.

It must be slaughtered in the correct way.

And it's usually sheep, goat, cow or camel.

And here we have a source of authority in the Qur'an that supports the meat can be eaten as long as the name of God is pronounced whenever it is being slaughtered.

A prayer is said as the animal is slaughtered, remembering that that is a life, it may not be a human life, but it's a life that has been created by Allah.

Now there are around 2 billion Muslims in the world today, living in many countries around the world.

And local customs and recipes have had an influence on how Muslims may choose to cook and eat the qurbani for Id.

And here's some examples.

We've got an Indian goat biryani.

We've got a Somali camel stew, a Turkish lamb shish kebab and Nigerian beef stew.

So whilst they're all examples of how the qurbani might be eaten and part of the same festival of Id, we can see that different customs and recipes can influence how Muslims may choose to do this in those different Muslim countries around the world.

So we can see from this that with Islam being worldwide religion, that that can then influence how the qurbani meat is eaten across different countries in the Muslim world.

But also the way the qurbani meat can be shared out can be a sign of the Muslim worldwide community, the Ummah, and charities can help support people with this.

So Muslims donate a third of their qurbani meat to those in need.

Now this meat could be donated sort of directly to help those who are homeless or needy in the local area.

So it may be a street kitchen that's set up by Muslims donating that meat that they've cooked that they're giving away.

But also some Muslims could give money in the place of that meat to charity.

For example, Muslim Aid.

So if you go onto the different websites for different Muslim charities, they have ways of being able to donate the equivalent to be able to go and feed people in other parts of the world.

Showing that worldwide Muslim community, The charity can then buy that meat within the country where there's the most need for food for that year.

So Meyrem volunteers with Muslim Aid, she's gonna explain to us how.

And Yun asks her, "How does Muslim Aid distribute qurbani donations, Meyrem? And Meyrem says, "I volunteer with Muslim Aid.

They support families in need all over the world with donations like qurbani donations at Id ul-Adha.

When someone chooses to donate, they can say where they would like the meat to go, and this could change from year to year depending on the greatest need." Thank you, Meyrem.

Is this true or false? Muslims can choose to donate money for a charity to purchase qurbani meat for others in their place.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go and see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well done, that is true, isn't it? But why? Because charities like Muslim Aid can help distribute the money donated as qurbani to those most in need.

Well done.

So let's do another practise task to see what we've learn.

We're gonna use that image of Meyrem as a prompt to complete the table and explain two different ways that Muslims may donate the qurbani for Id ul-Adha.

And we've got our two different ways: qurbani can be given directly to people.

And secondly, qurbani can be donated as money to a charity.

So explain these two different ways using Meyrem as a prompt here.

Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, some great thinking there.

I asked you to complete the table with two different ways Muslims may donate the qurbani for Id ul-Adha.

And your table might look like this.

qurbani can be given directly to people.

Some Muslims may choose to donate the meat they've brought to those in need for their local area, for example, to the homeless or needy families.

And qurbani can be donated as money to a charity.

Other Muslims may choose to donate money in the place of buying meat so the charity can buy the meat for those in greatest need in the world.

Well done.

So let's summarise everything we've done today then.

Id ul-Adha.

Id ul-Adha is the Festival of Sacrifice held each year at the end of the Hajj pilgrimage.

Id ul-Adha remembers the willingness of Ibrahim to sacrifice his son for Allah.

An animal has sacrificed as part of the festival and the meat is shared in three ways to immediate family, to friends and neighbours, and those indeed.

And this is known as the qurbani and can be donated directly as meat given or through money donated to charities who will buy the meat where it's most needed in the world.

So well done for your hard work today.

And I hope to see you again soon.

Bye-bye.