Hello, my name's Mrs. Rawbone, and I'm your RE teacher today for this lesson on exploitation of people living in poverty, including people trafficking.

In today's lesson, you will be able to explain what people trafficking is, how victims are exploited, and responses to it.

In today's lesson, we're going to be using some key terms. Amongst them are exploitation, people trafficking, and the Salvation Army.

Exploitation is the unfair treatment or use of individuals or groups, often for profit, by taking advantage of their vulnerability, limited resources, or lack of power.

People trafficking is the illegal transport of people from one country or area to another, often resulting in forced labour or sexual exploitation.

And the Salvation Army is a Protestant Christian denomination and charity.

Today's lesson will form two parts.

First of all, we'll be looking at what people trafficking is, and then we'll be looking at responses to people trafficking.

So let's get started on looking at people trafficking.

The term "people trafficking" has Latin origins.

The word people comes from "populus," meaning "group of persons." And trafficking comes from "traficium," meaning "trade." So "human trafficking" was first used in the early 20th century, and "people trafficking" came into use in the late 20th century.

Both of them refer to the illegal transport of people from one country or area to another, often resulting in forced labour or sexual exploitation.

So in a sense, it's a kind of trade in people, very much like a slave trade, and sometimes it's also known as modern slavery.

There are many ways in which victims of people trafficking are exploited.

Forced labour, victims are exploited in factories, farms, construction, and domestic work.

Sexual exploitation, women and children are forced into prostitution.

Domestic servitude, an individual is forced to work in someone's home under abusive conditions.

And organ harvesting, victims are forced to give up organs for illegal transplant markets.

People trafficking is an example of exploitation because the victims are controlled through threats, violence, or debt bondage.

So that means they're tied into a debt that they'll never be able to pay off.

Victims often work in unsafe conditions with little or no pay.

Many victims suffer physical and emotional abuse, with no legal protection.

And survivors may be shunned and they may struggle to rebuild their lives.

Let's check your understanding.

What is people trafficking? Take a moment to think through your answer.

Pause the video and come back when you are ready to see a definition to check yours against.

So you could have said: The illegal transport of people from one country or area to another, often resulting in forced labour or sexual exploitation.

It's really important that you've mentioned it's illegal, and it usually involves some kind of transport.

And of course, there's an element of force or coercion.

Well done if you got any of those points in your definition.

This timeline illustrates how someone could become a victim of trafficking.

It begins with recruitment.

The victim is promised a well-paying job with good working conditions and housing in the UK.

Exploiting the victim's financial desire for a better life, traffickers assure them they will earn enough to support their family or improve their situation.

It moves on to transportation.

So in this example, the victim is transported to the UK, but upon arrival, their passport is taken, leaving them unable to escape or report their situation.

The next step is control and exploitation.

The victim starts working, sometimes up to 12 to 16 hours a day, for very little pay.

The traffickers claim they owe a debt for their transport, food, and accommodation.

They are usually threatened with physical harm to themselves and their family and isolated from others.

Hopefully, the victim reaches this stage of intervention and rescue.

A customer notices that something seems wrong and contacts the police.

The victim is rescued and passed to the National Referral Mechanism for support.

They are then placed in a safe house and given legal protection.

And the last step, if the victim is one of the lucky people who is found and rescued, is recovery.

The victim receives counselling, medical care, legal aid, and accommodation.

Ongoing support helps them to rebuild their life.

People trafficking is a global problem.

The International Labour Organisation stated in 2022 that an estimated 27.

6 million people are victims of trafficking worldwide.

It is highly profitable, and according to the United Nations, generates around $150 billion annually.

In the UK, for example, trafficked victims are forced into labour in nail bars, car washes, and factories.

Often, their passports are taken and they're exploited in unsafe conditions with minimal wages.

In India and Bangladesh, women and girls from poor rural areas are trafficked into brothels with false promises.

Sold to brothels, they are forced into prostitution, abused, and trapped in debt bondage.

And these are just two examples of all the different types of exploitation that happen globally.

Let's check your understanding.

Which of these situations could indicate trafficking? A, a worker lives in their employer's accommodation and cannot leave without permission.

B, a person is recruited for a job abroad but later finds the pay is lower than expected.

Or C, a worker shares their wages with the person who helped them find the job.

So take a moment to think about which one of those would ring alarm bells for you if you heard about it and might make you think the person had been potentially trafficked.

Pause the video if you need to, and then come back when you're ready to check.

So well done if you spotted that A is the most concerning indicator there.

The worker lives in their employer's accommodation, they cannot leave without permission.

So, they are tied in, and their freedom has been taken away.

The UK tackles people trafficking under the "Modern Slavery Act" of 2015, and it supports victims through the National Referral Mechanism, known as the NRM.

So the Modern Slavery Act criminalises people trafficking forced labour, and slavery.

And it has life imprisonment for serious offences.

Businesses must also keep records and do their utmost to prevent exploitation.

The National Referral Mechanism is used to identify and support the victims. First responders, so these might be police or NGOs, which are non-governmental organisations, social workers as well, submit cases.

The victims receive 45 days of support, and if their case is successful, they may get long-term help or possibly leave to remain in the UK.

Data from the home office records the number of referrals to the National Referral Mechanism.

So this is telling us how many victims are referred to the mechanism.

It doesn't give us accurate data of how many victims there are, because of course there must be many who are not referred.

So the chart shows the number of referrals from December 2010 to December 2018, over a period of eight years.

Now we can see different types of exploitation now with the different coloured lines.

I'd like you to look closely at the data and to tell me which two forms of exploitation are most prevalent.

So, the most common.

So take a moment, pause if you need to, look really closely at that graph, and then come back when you're ready to move on.

So you might have noticed that the two highest lines on the graph are for exploitation through labour and for sexual exploitation.

And if you look over the years, those two have been top, interchanging slightly round about 2013-14 across the eight-year period.

So let's check your understanding.

What does the National Referral Mechanism, or the NRM, do? A, it arrests offenders involved in trafficking.

B, it identifies and supports victims of trafficking.

C, it trains businesses to avoid exploitation.

So take a moment, pause if you need to, and come back when you're ready to check your answer.

So well done if you spotted that it was B.

It is the mechanism by where people are identified and supported as victims of trafficking.

For Task A, I'd like you to answer these questions on how people trafficking is an example of the exploitation of those living in poverty.

First of all, what is people trafficking? Secondly, give an example of how people are exploited through people trafficking.

Thirdly, why might someone be coerced, forced into being trafficked? Fourthly, give an example of people trafficking in the UK.

Fifthly, give an example of people trafficking beyond the UK.

And sixth, what laws are in place in the UK to stop people trafficking? So take your time to think about your learning on people trafficking and to answer those questions.

Pause the video, and once you're finished, return to see what you could have written.

You could have said for one: People trafficking is the illegal transport of people from one country or area to another, often resulting in forced labour or sexual exploitation.

For two, for an example, forced labour, victims are exploited in factories, farms, construction, and domestic work.

There are, of course, other examples you could have used there.

For three, how might they be coerced? It may be due to poverty, lack of opportunities, or false promises of a better life, or perhaps all three of those together.

Traffickers use deception, threats, and violence, or they create debt bondage where victims are forced to work off an imagined debt.

Four, people in the UK are forced into labour in nail bars, car washes, and factories.

Passports might be taken, and they're exploited in unsafe conditions with minimal wages.

Five, beyond the UK, in India and Bangladesh, women and girls, often from poor rural areas, are sold to brothels in urban centres or across borders.

Once there, they are forced into prostitution, they face abuse, and they're often trapped in debt bondage.

And six, the laws in the UK.

We have the Modern Slavery Act of 2015, which makes people trafficking a crime and provides protection for victims. There are a few things you could have written for some of those answers, but well done if you got the main points about the law in the UK and you got across some of the examples of people trafficking.

For the second part of our lesson, we're going to move on to responses to people trafficking.

Christians reflect on issues such as those surrounding the exploitation of people through people trafficking by consulting source of authority, including the Bible, church teachings, church leaders, and fellow Christians.

Christian ethical theories such as Natural Law and situation ethics.

They might also use their conscience and apply reason which they see as God-given gifts.

They may interpret the sources differently or emphasise one more than another.

Bible teachings influence Christian responses to people trafficking.

"So God created mankind in his own image," Genesis 1:27.

We have Asher here telling us, "This verse shows that all people have value, so trafficking is wrong because it treats them like objects." "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus," Galatians 3:28.

And we have Charlie saying, "This verse teaches that all people are equal, so trafficking is wrong because it exploits some as less valuable." "The Spirit of the Lord is on me because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor.

He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to set the oppressed free," Luke 4:18.

And Gemma tells us that here, "Jesus speaks of his mission to free the oppressed.

Trafficking is wrong because it exploits and traps people." "Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked," Psalm 82:4.

Kateryna tells us this means, "Trafficking is wrong because it targets those who are vulnerable.

This verse calls for rescuing the weak and needy." Let's check your understanding.

Which Bible teaching suggest people trafficking is wrong because it targets the vulnerable? Is it A: "Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked"? Is it B: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus"? Or is it C: "So God created mankind in his own image"? So take a moment to think about your answer, pause the video if you need to, and then come back when you are ready to check.

Well done if you put, "Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked." So the point that these people are weak and they're in need is really shown that it's targeting vulnerable people.

All Christian denominations condemn people trafficking.

So there's no disagreement on this particular issue.

The Pope Francis condemns people trafficking in "Fratelli Tutti" in 2020, calling it a source of shame and urging global efforts to end it.

He criticises societies that tolerate exploitation.

Caritas, which is the global network of Catholic organisations, works to support victim of trafficking and advocate for justice.

The Church of England condemns people trafficking and runs the Clewer Initiative to help churches support victims. In a 2016 General Synod Statement, the church called on clergy and congregations to recognise the signs of modern slavery and encouraged them to provide support for victims and survivors.

Evangelical Churches support the work of the International Justice Mission, which rescues victims of people trafficking, prosecutes traffickers, and runs safe houses for survivors.

IJM works to bring justice, restore dignity, and provide long-term support to those affected by trafficking, while also advocating for change.

Aisha is talking to Gemma about how the Salvation Army works to help survivors of people trafficking.

Aisha says, "Gemma, how does the Salvation Army provide services for survivors of people trafficking?" Gemma replies, "The Salvation Army holds the UK government contract called the Modern Slavery Victim Care Contract to support trafficking victims. This involves running safe houses across the UK where survivors can stay and receive counselling and legal aid.

We also work with law enforcement to rescue victims." Aisha asks, "So how do you help survivors in your role as a transport volunteer?" Gemma says, "As a transport volunteer, I help survivors by taking them to a safe house where they can get further support.

My role is to make sure they feel safe and to reassure them if they're anxious.

I follow safeguarding procedures to protect them, and sometimes I'm the first person they meet who's there purely to help them move on." Why might the journey to a safe house be just as important as the support that the survivors receive once they arrive? Take a moment to think about Gemma's role in the Salvation Army.

Pause the video, turn and talk to someone nearby if you can, or you can talk to me, and then return when you're ready to move on.

Let's check your understanding.

Which Christian denomination holds the UK government Modern Slavery Victim Care Contract? Pause if you need to, and come back when you're ready to check your answer.

So well done if you remembered that it is the Salvation Army.

When responding to issues surrounding people trafficking, Christians might support anti-trafficking campaigns and educate others.

They might avoid products linked to forced labour.

They might donate or volunteer with organisations like the Salvation Army and International Justice Mission.

They might campaign for stronger laws against trafficking.

Let's have a look at some non-religious views.

Diane, who is a humanist, is explaining how the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can be used to address the issue of people trafficking.

"Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person." This is Article 3.

"And no one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms." Article 4.

Diane says, "Article 3 affirms that everyone has the right to liberty, which people trafficking directly violates by exploiting and enslaving individuals.

Article 4 prohibits slavery, which trafficking is a modern form of." So let's check your understanding on Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

I'd like you to fill in the missing word.

"No one shall be held in or servitude." Take a moment, pause if you need to, and then come back when you are ready to check the answer.

So well done if you put "slavery." So here is a secular teaching that would inform non-religious attitudes to issues to do with human trafficking, but also it might inform some religious attitudes too.

Diane is explaining how she responds to issues surrounding people trafficking.

She says, "As a member of Humanists for a Better World, I'm committed to fighting people trafficking and supporting the work of Anti-Slavery International.

Their efforts to protect vulnerable workers, combat forced labour, and push for stronger laws against trafficking align with my values.

I support policies that challenge business owners, hold traffickers accountable, and protect victims." So how is Diane's approach similar to one that a Christian might take? So although she's non-religious, there are definitely things in common with her approach and the approach that Christians are taking.

Pause the video, turn and talk to someone nearby if you can, or you can talk to me, and come back when you're ready to move on.

For Task B Part 1, I'd like you to complete this table by indicating who each source might influence and what it teaches about responses to people trafficking.

So let's have a look.

We have the Bible, church teachings, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and you can decide whether it would influence a Christian or a non-religious person or perhaps even both.

So pause the video, take your time to think about who would be influenced by that source, and then to explain a teaching that we might get from that particular source.

So really useful GCSE skill to be able to link in sources of authority both for religious and for non-religious people.

So pause the video and come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

Let's have a look at what you could have said.

So for the Bible, it would influence Christians.

And I've put here the quotation, "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus," from Galatians 3:28.

But there are other quotations you could have used.

For church teachings, again I put Christians.

And here I gave the example of the Catholic teaching in "Fratelli Tutti" from 2020 that explicitly condemns people trafficking.

And finally, for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, I've said it could influence Christians and non-religious people.

And Article 3 is a good example of this: "Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person." So well done if you gave the examples of how those teachings might inform people on the issue of people trafficking.

For Part 2 of our task, Sam is trying to explain why Christians agree with the statement, "Religious teachings can help to stop people trafficking." Now she isn't sure how to develop her points, and I would like you to develop them for her.

Sam says, "Christians agree that religious teachings can help stop people trafficking because the Bible.

Luke 4:18 says, 'Jesus came to,' while Galatians 3:28 affirms that 'all people are.

' All denominations condemn people trafficking; for example, in "Fratelli Tutti" Pope Francis described it as, 'The Salvation Army has a government contract to.

'" So take your time to read carefully through the structure that Sam has provided for you, but make sure that you develop her point with the teachings that you have been studying today and the information that you have learned.

Pause the video and come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said, "Christians agree that religious teachings can help stop people trafficking because the Bible emphasises human dignity and equality.

Luke 4:18 says Jesus came to set free the oppressed, while Galatians 3:28 affirms that all people are equal in Christ.

All denominations condemn people trafficking, for example, in "Fratelli Tutti", Pope Francis described it as a crime against humanity.

The Salvation Army has a government contract to provide services for survivors of people trafficking and offers safe housing, counselling, and legal assistance." So well done if you were able to explain some of those Bible teachings and also Pope Francis' teaching in "Fratelli Tutti" and what the Salvation Army does to help victims of people trafficking.

In today's lesson we have learned that people trafficking exploits millions through forced labour, domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, and organ trafficking.

Victims are controlled through fake debt, isolation, and confiscation of documents.

The Modern Slavery Act criminalises people trafficking and requires businesses to report on prevention efforts.

Christian teachings emphasise human dignity and rescuing the vulnerable.

The Salvation Army holds the Modern Slavery Victim Care Contract for the UK.

And the Declaration of Human Rights condemns slavery and forced labour.

Humanists for a Better World opposes people trafficking.

Thank you for all of your hard work today on this difficult and challenging content.

Well done for all of your efforts.