Hello, my name's Mrs. Rawbone and I'd like to welcome you to this lesson on racial prejudice and discrimination.

In today's lesson, you will be able to explain Christian and other responses to issues surrounding racism.

Some keywords that we'll be using are anti-racism, Black Lives Matter, and protest.

Anti-racism is actively challenging racism by speaking out, taking action, and working for racial equality.

Black Lives Matter is a movement that campaigns against racism and violence towards Black people and calls for justice and equality.

And a protest is a statement or action to express disagreement.

It can be an organised event to demonstrate disagreement with a policy or political action.

Our lesson today will take two parts.

We'll be looking at Christianity and racism and at responses to racism.

So let's get started on Christianity and racism.

Many worldviews have existed in contexts that have allowed complicity in racism and discrimination.

More recent interpretations of their core principles have inspired resistance to injustice and calls for equality.

From the late 1700s to early 1800s, you had growing awareness of issues surrounding racism with abolition movements starting in the late 1700s.

In the 1800s to mid 1900s, you had some diverse responses.

Anti-racist activism was growing, but also so was colonialism.

In the mid 1900s, you had some modern rejection of racism with civil rights legislation in the 1960s.

And in the late 1900s to present, you had ongoing debate over whether positive action, for example, is right and over systemic racism.

Christian attitudes to racism are informed by different sources of authority, including: the Bible, Church teachings, the example of other Christians, Christian ethical theories such as natural law and situation ethics, their conscience and ability to reason.

And Christians may interpret these sources differently or emphasise one more than another.

There is little disagreement among Christians today that racism is wrong and incompatible with their faith.

However, historically, Christianity has been used to justify racism.

"Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear" comes from Ephesians 6:5.

This was a verse widely quoted by masters of enslaved people.

"Cursed be Canaan, the lowest of slaves will he be to his brothers." Some Christians falsely claimed this verse justified the enslavement of Black Africans, wrongly linking Ham, the father of Canaan, to Africa.

To support the enslavement of people, British missionaries created a heavily edited Bible in 1807 for use in the Caribbean.

"The Slave Bible" removed 90% of the New Testament and 50% of the Old Testament.

Examples of passages that were removed were things like: Exodus 3:7-10, where God tells Moses to lead the Israelites out of slavery.

And this was removed because it speaks of God freeing people from oppression.

Galatians 3:28, "There is neither Jew nor Gentile, you are all one in Christ," emphasises equality before God.

This was also removed.

Deuteronomy 23:15, "Do not return a slave to their master." It promotes protection for escaping enslaved people and was therefore also removed.

This timeline shows how Christianity has been linked to the enslavement of people, colonialism and racial segregation.

In 1711, the Church of England invests in the South Sea Company, which transported enslaved people.

In the 1700s to 1800s, there were many Anglican.

In the 1700s to 1800s, there were many Anglican clergy who owned enslaved people in the Caribbean.

In 1807, Britain abolished the transatlantic slave trade, but Anglican missionaries also published the Slave Bible.

In 1845, the Southern Baptist Convention formed to support the ownership of enslaved people.

In the late 1800s, missionary societies spread Christianity alongside the British Empire, reinforcing colonial rule.

In the 1900s, segregated church worship was common in the United States.

And in 2006, the Church of England issues a formal apology for their role in the enslavement of people.

Let's check your understanding.

What was the purpose of "the Slave Bible," created by British missionaries in 1807? A: to encourage enslaved people to rebel, B: to remove messages of equality and freedom.

C: to convert enslavers to Christianity, or D: to include the entire Bible in one short volume? Take a moment, pause if you need to and then come back when you are ready to check your answer.

So well done if you chose B.

It was indeed written to remove those messages of equality and freedom that can be found in the Bible.

The Bible is a source of wisdom and authority for Christians when thinking about issues surrounding racism.

Ji-eun is a Methodist minister, and she's explaining how she understands the teaching: "So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female, he created them." Ji-eun says, "This verse reminds us that every person reflects the image of God, regardless of their race, gender, or background.

When racist speech is tolerated or when people oppose positive action, they deny the God-given dignity of others." Tamara is a Quaker and she is explaining how she understands the teaching: "There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." Galatians 3:28.

Tamara says, "This verse is radical because it calls Christians to break down barriers that divide us.

This reminds us that unity in Christ doesn't mean ignoring injustice, it means confronting it." Fergus is an Anglican and he's explaining how he understands the Parable of the Good Samaritan: "A Jewish man is attacked and left injured.

After fellow Jews pass by, he is helped by a Samaritan, a member of a different racial group with long-standing hostility towards Jews.

Jesus tells his listeners, 'Go and do likewise,'" And this whole parable can be found in Luke 10:25-37.

Fergus says, "Jesus chose a Samaritan, a member of a despised ethnic group as the hero of this story.

It's not enough to say we are not racist.

Christians should be anti-racist and speak out against racism." Give one Bible teaching that a Christian might use to support anti-racism.

So take a moment, pause if you need to, think back over those Bible teachings that we've just been looking at, come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said any one of the following: "There is neither Jew nor Gentile for you all one in Christ Jesus," Galatians 3:28.

The Parable of the Good Samaritan, Luke 10:25-37, or "God created mankind in his own image," Genesis 1:27.

So well done if you managed to select one of those teachings.

For task A, I'd like you to answer the questions to help you find evidence to both support and challenge the evaluation statement: "Religious believers should do more to stop racism." Number one: What Bible verses have been misused to justify racism in the past? Give one example and explain how it was used wrongly.

Number two: What Bible verses are now used to show that racism is wrong? Give two examples and explain how each one challenges racism.

Number three: Why might someone say Christians are acting to stop racism? Give an example and explain why it shows action is being taken.

Number four: Why might someone say Christians should do more to stop racism? Give an example and explain why more action is still needed.

So take a moment, pause the video, think back through what we've learned today so far, answer the questions and then come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said for the first one: Which Bible verses have been misused to justify racism in the past? Ephesians 6:5, which says, "Slaves, obey your earthly masters.

Owners of enslaved peoples used this to justify slavery, wrongly claiming the Bible supported their control over enslaved Africans.

For number two: What Bible verses show racism is wrong? Genesis 1:27 teaches that all humans are made in God's image, so showing that everyone has equal worth.

And Galatians 3:28 says, "There is neither Jew nor Gentile, for you are all one in Christ," meaning race should not divide people.

For question three: Why might someone say Christians are acting to stop racism? You could have said that the Church of England apologised for its role in the enslavement of people in 2006.

This shows that Christians are acknowledging past wrongs and trying to make changes.

And number four: Why might someone say Christians should do more to stop racism? In the past, Christians created "the Slave Bible," which removed parts that supported freedom.

This shows how the Bible was misused and some believe more should be done to challenge racism today.

So well done if you managed to answer those four questions.

For the second part of our lesson, we're going to be looking at responses to racism.

Some Christians have used their faith to support anti-racism.

William Wilberforce was a committed Christian who believed that all people are created equal in the eyes of God.

It was his faith that led him to campaign to abolish the transatlantic slave trade, and he saw this as a grave injustice.

He worked tirelessly in Parliament for many years, using his position to defend human dignity and promote freedom for enslaved peoples.

Martin Luther King Jr.

was a Baptist minister whose Christian faith was at the heart of his fight against racism in the United States.

Martin Luther King was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia.

He grew up in the segregated southern United States.

Black Americans faced unfair treatment, were seen as second class citizens and denied their basic rights.

King experienced this injustice and wanted to change it.

Instead of responding with hatred or violence, he turned to his Christian beliefs for strength.

King believed that "all people are made in God's image," as it says in Genesis 1:27.

He also followed Jesus' command to "love your neighbour as yourself," Mark 12:31.

This meant standing up for justice even when it was hard or dangerous.

Inspired by Christian teachings and the nonviolent ideas of Mahatma Gandhi, king chose peaceful resistance.

He became well known in 1955 when he led the Montgomery bus boycott.

This started after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person.

The boycott lasted 381 days and ended segregation on Montgomery's buses.

Over the next 10 years, King organised marches, sit-ins and boycotts.

He faced arrest, threats and violence, but stayed committed to non-violence and love.

In 1963, King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington.

He spoke of a future where people would be judged by their character, not their skin colour.

In the speech he quoted the prophet Amos, "Let justice roll on like a river," Amos 5:24.

His faith gave him courage to speak out against hatred and hoped that change was both possible and part of God's plan.

King's leadership helped pass important civil rights, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Sadly, he was assassinated in 1968, but his work continues to inspire people fighting for justice around the world.

Martin Luther King Jr stressed the importance of anti-racism, a message he clearly expressed in his 1968 sermon, "The Drum Major Instinct." He said, "In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends." Someone's action or lack of action has a lasting impact, according to King.

He says, "In the end." He talks about the fact that we will not remember words.

Speech alone is not as damaging as the absence of action.

We expect our enemies to be hostile towards us.

Instead, our greatest disappointment will be when our friends are silent, when they do not act to support us.

True or false? Martin Luther King Jr.

believed the harm caused by inaction from friends is more painful than the hatred shown by enemies.

Take a moment, pause the video if you need to decide on your answer, but also have a think about why.

Come back when you're ready to move on.

So well done if you put that as true.

But why is it true? Well, it's true because King taught that when those who are expected to stand with you do nothing, it causes greater hurt than open hostility.

John is a Quaker.

He's talking about how his faith community responded to the Black Lives Matter movement.

He says, "As a Quaker, I believe everyone has equal worth because there is that of God in everyone.

After George Floyd's murder, our meeting joined a peaceful Black Lives Matter protest and put up a sign outside saying 'Quakers support racial justice.

' We also took time in worship to reflect on how racism affects society and how we might be part of the problem without realising.

For us, being actively anti-racist is part of living out our commitment to peace, truth and equality." Is John likely to agree with the statement: "Religious believers should do more to stop racism."? Pause the video, turn and talk to someone nearby if you can and then come back when you're ready to move on.

Fiona is a member of the Church of England.

She's talking about how her church responded to the Black Lives Matter movement.

Fiona says, "I appreciated Archbishop Justin Welby's response to racism.

As the lead at the Church of England at the time, he acknowledged the Church's links to slavery and encouraged us to face that history honestly.

His call to review church memorials showed that tackling racism means taking real action, not just offering words.

It made me think more deeply about what justice and equality mean in the Church today." Is Fiona likely to agree with the statement: "Religious believers should do more to stop racism."? So pause again, take your time, turn and talk to someone nearby, or you can talk to me and then come back when you are ready to move on.

Reverend William Barber is an American Christian leader from the Disciples of Christ denomination.

Reverend Barber believes the Bible calls Christians to defend the oppressed, and that silence in the face of racism goes against the teachings of Jesus who stood with the marginalised and challenged injustice.

Reverend Barber campaigns against racism, poverty, and inequality as moral issues that Christians must confront.

He leads protests, he speaks publicly, and he works through the Poor People's Campaign to challenge unjust systems. In contrast, Franklin Graham is an American evangelical Christian leader and the head of Samaritan's Purse.

Franklin Graham believes racism is a sin and that all people are created equal by God.

He encourages Christians to show love and reject hatred, but he focuses on personal repentance rather than political activism.

He has criticised aspects of the Black Lives Matter movement and does not actively support public protests or campaigns for structural change.

He calls on Christians to respond to racism through prayer, unity, and sharing the Christian message.

So slightly different view on how anti-racist Christians should be.

While Christians today agree that racism is wrong, they might not all agree strongly that "Religious believers should do more to stop racism." However, the Reverend William Barber would strongly agree.

He believes that faith means standing with the oppressed and that Christians must challenge racism through action, not silence.

So on a scale of zero to 10, with 10 being most strongly agreeing, we would put him on a 10.

Franklin Graham, we would probably put on maybe a four or mid-range because although he would agree that racism is wrong, he is less supportive of calls for major action by religious groups, and he prefers focusing on personal change and faith in Jesus rather than political campaigns like Black Lives Matter.

So let's check your understanding.

Give one example of a Christian response to anti-racism.

So take a moment, pause the video to jot down your answer and then come back when you are ready to check what you could have written.

You could have said any one of the following: Joining peaceful protests and displaying signs supporting racial justice.

Reflecting on the church's history and encouraging change.

Speaking publicly and leading campaigns to challenge unjust systems. Condemning racism and focusing on personal repentance and unity.

Rejecting political movements but calling for Christians to love others equally.

So well done if you managed to put one of those suggestions.

There are a variety of non-religious responses to the issue of whether enough is being done to combat racism.

This can be seen in how UK politicians responded to the killing of George Floyd in 2020.

Keir Starmer, Labour leader condemned racism and showed solidarity by kneeling, echoing a gesture used by anti-racist campaigners.

Priti Patel, who was then Home Secretary, condemned racism, but criticised Black Lives matter protests and called taking the knee "gesture politics." Alan is a humanist.

He's talking about how he responded to the Black Lives Matter movement.

Alan says, "I think we all have a responsibility to treat others fairly and stand up for human dignity.

That's why I responded to the Black Lives Matter movement by joining a peaceful protest in my local area.

I try to be anti-racist and speak out when I see racism being ignored or dismissed.

Living by humanist values means not staying silent when others are mistreated." Is Alan likely to think that more should be done to stop racism? Pause the video, turn and talk to someone nearby and come back when you're ready to move on.

So let's check your understanding.

Give one reason why people might respond differently to anti-racism movements like Black Lives Matter.

Take a moment to jot down your answer and then come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said any one of the following: Some support racial equality but are concerned about the movement's political aims. Some believe change should come through personal reflection and faith, rather than protest.

Some fully support both the message and the methods of the movement.

And some disagree with the way the movement expresses its message.

So well done if you put any one of those examples.

Part one of our task.

Jun has written part of an answer to this evaluation question using non-religious arguments to support the statement.

"Religious believers should do more to stop racism." Evaluate this statement.

In your answer you should give reasoned arguments in support of this statement.

Should give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view, should refer to religious arguments, may refer to non-religious arguments, should reach a justified conclusion.

I'd like you to continue by writing a paragraph giving reasoned arguments in support of the statement from a Christian point of view.

So here's Jun's example.

"One reason to agree with this statement is that racism continues to cause real harm in society and anyone who has influence should use it to promote justice.

Humanists argue that all people deserve equal respect because of our shared humanity, not because of any religious status.

If religious believers stay silent and are not anti-racist, they may appear to accept discrimination.

Taking action such as speaking out or supporting campaigns is one way they can help to make society fairer." So you're going to continue by writing a paragraph, giving reasoned arguments in support of the statement from a Christian point of view.

So Jun has written a paragraph for the statement and you are going to be doing the same, but using Christianity.

Pause the video, take your time, come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said: "Christians may agree with this statement because their beliefs teach that all people are made in the image of God.

So everyone deserves equal treatment.

Archbishop Justin Welby has encouraged the Church of England to face its links to slavery and to take an anti-racist stance.

Reverend William Barber argues that silence in the face of racism goes against Christian faith and that believers must speak out and campaign for change.

Quakers also support anti-racism as part of their commitment to peace and equality with many taking part in peaceful protests.

These examples show that the Christian faith can lead people to take action against racism, not just believe it is wrong." So well done if you used any of those examples of individuals or denominations, and if you managed to include a biblical teaching.

For part two of our task, I'd like you to read the four arguments about how Christians should respond to racism.

Choose one you think is strong and one you think is weak.

And for each of them, explain why you think the argument is strong or weak.

"Faith means taking action.

Christians should speak out against racism and support campaigns for justice." "Some Christians focus on prayer and personal change, not political protests." "The Church has a history of racism, so believers have a duty to do more." "Not all religious people agree with how movements like Black Lives Matter go about tackling racism." So remember, you're going to choose one argument you think is strong and one you think is weak.

And for each you're going to explain why.

So take your time to read back through the arguments and to really think carefully about what your point of view on them is.

Pause the video and when you finish writing, come back to see what you could have said.

Sam chose to discuss the first two bullet points.

Here are some of her ideas: "Faith means taking action.

Christians should speak out against racism and support campaigns for justice." Sam said, "I think this is a strong argument because a lot of Christians believe their faith should be shown through how they treat others.

Being anti-racist fits with the idea of loving your neighbour and treating people equally." "Some Christians focus on prayer and personal change, not political protests.

Sam said, "I think this is a weak argument because just praying or focusing on yourself doesn't really help stop racism in the wider world.

If no one speaks out or takes action, then things won't change." So of course, you may have chosen different bullet points from Sam, but hopefully you've got the idea of how you can talk about the strength and the weakness of.

So of course, you might have chosen different points from Sam and you might have thought some things were strong that she thought were weak or vice versa.

As long as you have managed to explain why you think an argument is strong or why an argument is weak, you are developing a really useful skill for evaluation questions at GCSC.

We've learned a lot today.

We've learned that Christianity has been linked to slavery, colonialism and segregation.

And historically some Christians use Bible verses to justify the enslavement of people and racial discrimination.

We've learned that today, most Christians interpret the Bible as promoting equality and challenging racism; that Martin Luther King Jr.

used his Christian faith to actively oppose racism; that some Christians take an openly anti-racist stance as part of their faith, like protesting or calling for change, and that others focus on personal faith and avoid political activism; that non-religious people respond differently too, with some supporting protests and others being more cautious.

Thank you so much for all of your hard work today and for working with me through these challenging issues.