Hello there, my young scholars of religion.

My name is Ms. Marx, and I'm going to be your religious education teacher today.

Today we're going to be doing about a very important commemoration that happens, particularly within Shia Islam called Ashura.

And this remembers the martyrdom of the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, Imam Hussain.

An important part of the commemorations is the retelling of this story, and so I'll be retelling the story to you today as well.

And in that story, there are depictions of violence and suffering.

We will also look at the celebration of Id-ul-Ghadeer, which happens within Shia Islam, which is when the moment where the Prophet Muhammad announced that Ali, chosen by Allah, would be his successor, is celebrated each year within Shia Islam.

So when you're ready, let's start our lesson on Id-ul-Ghadeer and Ashura.

So by the end of this lesson today, you'll be able to explain what Ashura and Id-ul-Ghadeer are and their importance to Shia Muslims. So let's start with our key terms. Ashura, an important festival in Shia Islam, to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussain.

Commemoration, a ceremony or occasion which honours someone's memory.

Karbala, a city in modern day Iraq where Imam Hussain was martyred.

Martyr, a person who suffers death rather than give up their religion, belief, or other important cause.

Mawla, a term understood within Shia Islam to mean protector, guardian, and leader.

So look out for those in today's lesson.

So our lesson today, we'll have three sections, the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, Asura as a commemoration, and Id-ul-Ghadeer.

So let's start with our first section, the martyrdom of Imam Hussain.

What things do we commemorate in society? Other things that we regularly have a collective memory of together.

Can you think of anything? Pause the video and have a think, and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, we could have things like November the 11th, Remembrance Day, remembering the end of World War I.

We could remember June the 22nd as Windrush Day, which is in memory of those people who came and migrated to Great Britain after World War II, and they came on the Empire Windrush.

We could also remember LGBT History Month.

Each February, this is celebrated and commemorated in the UK.

So these are times that we can collectively remember things that are significant for us.

Shia Muslims commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussain each year in the month of Muharram with Ashura.

Well, let's unpack this word "commemorate" a bit, because I've used it quite a bit already so far.

And it comes from Latin, and it has these sections, com, memor.

"Com" means "together." So if you think of communities, people being together.

And "memor," meaning mindful or memory, even linked to the word memoir perhaps.

So to commemorate means to remember together or have an act of remembering with each other.

So it's more accurate to call Ashura a commemoration rather than a celebration.

So it may be kind of held within the idea of festivals as sort of yearly events that happen, but really, it's better to call it a commemoration than a celebration.

And let's understand why.

Well, first of all, we need to think about who Imam Hussain is and why he's connected to the story of Islam.

Hussain was the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and the third Imam in Shia Islam.

So here, I've got a family tree showing the Prophet Muhammad who's married to Khadija, and Muhammad and Khadija had a daughter called Fatima.

So we've got Fatima as the daughter of Muhammad and Khadija here.

Fatima married Ali, and he is later known as Imam Ali.

So we can see here that Imam Ali is the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law because he's married to Fatima, his daughter.

And then Ali and Fatima had children, and two of those were Imam Hussain and Imam Hassan.

So Hussain and Hassan were brothers, and there were different Hadith or stories about Hassan and Hussain spending time with his grandfather being very close to him when they were little.

And so we could see here this family connection from the Prophet Muhammad, then Imam Ali and Fatima, down to Hassan and Hussain.

And Hussain is the third Imam.

It goes, Imam Ali is the first Imam, and then Imam Hassan, and then Imam Hussain, and it's Imam Hussain who we're talking about today.

So I said there are Hadith about the Prophet Muhammad spending time with his grandsons.

And here's one example.

It says that "he'd gone out with a Prophet to a meal which they'd been invited, and Hussain was there.

The Prophet came in front of the people, stretched out his hands, and the child started to run here and there, and he made him laugh until he caught him, then put one hand under his chin, and the other in his head and kissed him and said, 'Hussain is part of me, and I'm part of him.

May Allah love those who love Hussain.

'" And I think this is a really beautiful Hadith showing that connection between the Prophet Muhammad and his grandson.

And you can see that side of the Prophet Muhammad as a family man, and here he is as sort of grandfather dotting over his grandson here.

And this quote here is really important for Shia Muslims in particular, "Hussain is part of me, and I'm part of him.

May Allah love those who love Hussain." So what does this show us about the Prophet Muhammad and Hussain then? Pauses the video and have a think.

You can have a reread and talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, we have this idea of him stretching out his hands and sort of trying to gather him, and making him laugh, and kissing his head.

And then this phrase here, "Hussain is part of me, and I'm part of him.

May Allah love those who love Hussain." Muhammad was a loving grandfather, and Muhammad encourages Muslims to also love Hussain.

Let's do a quick check before we move on.

This is true or false.

Hussain was the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad and the first Imam of Shia Islam.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go.

We'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done.

That was false, wasn't it? It was a bit of a trick question because we know he was an Imam in Shia Islam, but he was the third Imam.

Ali was the first imam, the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law.

Hussain was his grandson and the third Imam.

Well done.

So we saw there the Prophet Muhammad with the Hadith about how he spent time with his grandsons, but he does pass away and then different people would leave the Muslim community after this.

And it's quite important for our story today, understanding the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, and then also why Ashura is commemorated.

So we can think about the different people who led to the community, and it all kinda culminates for us with the Battle of Karbala, which takes place in the year 680 C.

E.

So we can see here that the revelation of the Quran starts, the Prophet Muhammad, really starts that prophethood, when the revelation of the Quran comes to him in the Night of Power in the Cave of Hira.

So that is quite an important moment in the story of Islam that we're telling today.

That's when he gets that first revelation of the Quran.

And that's in around the year 610.

So we could say then for that period, Muhammad is kind of leading them as a community, as people start to become Muslim, and then also as he's leading the community.

He then passes away about 22 years after that.

So he has the revelations of the Quran for that period of time, and he's leading the Muslim community, and then he passes away.

So after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, there are different people who lead the Muslim community, and for a period these are known as the rightly guided leaders or they're seen as being, you know, good leaders and good examples, and one of these is Imam Ali.

And he was the leader from around the year 656.

So it's about 20 years after the death of Prophet Muhammad, Imam Ali becomes the leader.

He was the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad and the father of Hussain, so he's leading at this point.

Now, Ali passes away in 661, so he's the leader for about four or five years of the community.

After he passes away, there's a new set of people who lead the Muslim community who are known as the Umayyads.

And this is important for our story today because these leaders, particularly the one who's in charge in the year 680, are not seen as good examples.

Different to the rightly guided leaders who were before, these leaders are not seen as good examples of leading the Muslim community, and it kind of ends up with the story that we have, the Battle of Karbala, which happens in 680.

So we can see here after the death of Prophet Muhammad, we have these different leaders and we end up with this battle happening in 680 within a lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad passing away.

So why did this battle of Karbala happen then? Just 50 years after the death of Prophet Muhammad, a man called Yazid from the Umayyad family was pronounced leader of the Muslim community.

He was not one of the rightly guided leaders that Sunni Muslims recognised, and he was seen as corrupt, unjust, and unfair ruler.

He was known for pressing his people for not following Islam correctly.

Yazid was based in Kufa in Iraq.

Imam Hussain was living in Medina and then Mecca during this time.

As Hussain was the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, Yazid was keen to have his allegiance and support to show he was a legitimate ruler of the Muslims. But Hussain refused.

Hussain could have had a comfortable life if he'd sworn allegiance to Yazid, but he knew this was not right.

Some of the Muslims living in Kufa wrote to Hussain asking him to come and confront Yazid, promised that they would support him.

Hussain left Mecca with his family, which included Hussain's sister and granddaughter of the Prophet Muhammad, Zainab, and Ali Asghar, Hussain's own six-month-old son.

He travelled with others who wanted to take a stand against the unjust ruler, Yazid.

And in total, the group numbered 72 that journeyed together through the desert.

So then what happened, they're in the desert, and they're travelling through and we can see the map here from Mecca.

We've got a journey going up towards Kufa, and then we end up with this battle happening in Karbala.

So let's see what happens in the battle.

Yazid heard of Hussain's plans and intercepted the group in the desert forcing them to stop on the planes of Karbala on the second day of Muharram.

Hussain's army numbered thousands and encircled the camp, cutting off access to food and water.

Those Muslims who promised to support Hussain did not come.

For eight days, the group remained in the desert.

And although Hussain offered to help those who wanted to leave under the cover of darkness, the members of the group stayed by his side.

One by one, the members of the group were martyred.

Even when Hussain presented his six-month son, Ali Asghar, the Prophet Muhammad's great grandson, to the army to beg for water for him, Yazid's army struck the child dead with an arrow.

On the 10th day of Muharram, Ashura, Hussain completed one final Salah prayer and was struck down as he prayed.

Those companions who survived the battle were taken into captivity by Yazid, including Zainab, Hussain's sister, who ensured the story was told, holding Yazid to account with a powerful speech in his palace.

Let's do a quick check before we move on.

Sunni Muslims genuinely view Yazid as a rightly guided and good example of a Muslim leader.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a think, and we'll see what you've got in a moment.

Well done.

That is false, isn't it? Because the view is held that Yazid was not a good example of a Muslim leader.

He was not one of the rightly guided ones because he's killed the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.

Let's do a practise task to see what we've learned.

So using this image as a prompt, explain what happened at the Battle of Karbala, and use these terms in your response.

Hussain, Yazid, Kufa, martyred, Muharram, Ashura, and Zainab.

So pause the video and have a go, and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done.

Some good work there.

So I asked you to explain what happened in the Battle of Karbala, and use these terms in the response, Hussain, Yazid, Kufa, martyred, Muharram, Ashura, and Zainab.

And your response might look something like this.

"The Battle of Karbala happened when Imam Hussain and his companions went to take a stand against a corrupt leader of the Muslims, Yazid, who was based in Kufa.

Yazid stopped them in the desert at Karbala and cut off water and supplies from the group.

One by one, many were martyred for this cause and Hussain was killed on the 10th day of Muharram Ashura.

His sister, Zainab, survived but was taken captive and retold the story of his sacrifice to others.

Well done.

So now onto our second section, Ashura as a commemoration.

So we've just told the story of Ashura and what happened with the Battle of Karbala and Hussain's martyrdom.

So why would Shia Muslims commemorate this event? Remember that word commemorate means remembering together, an act of remembrance together.

Why might this be significant and important for Shia Muslim? Well, it's in the 10 obligatory acts to show love to Muhammad and his family.

If you remember that Hadith from Muhammad said, "May Allah love those who love Hussain." So there's this idea about loving Muhammad but also his family is very important, and that's in the 10 obligatory acts in Shia Islam.

Also, Hussain's martyrdom shows how important it is to stand up against injustice in the world.

Yes, he could have had a comfortable life and agreed to, you know, swear allegiance to Yazid, and he could have had a lovely comfortable life, but he didn't do that.

He stood up against what was wrong and unjust in the world.

And his example could show Shia Muslims how important it is to do that today.

Also, Shia Muslims may consider how they would've acted if they were by Hussain's side.

What would they have done? Would they have come and be with him? Would they have stayed? Would they have snuck off under cover of darkness like Hussain offered to help them? Or would they have stayed by his side? So Shia Muslims can consider this when they're commemorating the event as well.

And also, Hussain's actions show how he struggled for Allah.

And jihad is also in the 10 obligatory acts, the idea of struggling for the way of Allah, and this is literally what he was doing there in that battle, wasn't it? Struggling for God, and for what was good and right and just and fair.

And so he is therefore showing the 10 obligatory acts in action as well.

So Shia Muslims may commemorate this event in different ways.

So one way is through a play of the battle.

So actually reenacting it and showing it, and showing what happened to keep that kind of memory alive of what happened in the story and the different steps, and what happened on the different days.

So retelling the story of Karbala is the first thing really that's really important within commemorating Ashura to keep that memory alive and keep the story alive so people know what happened.

We could have people showing the story of Karbala in place, and different communities might come together to watch it, and people would come and watch it who aren't even necessarily Shia Muslims or even Muslims at all in some parts of the world, and the whole community comes to sort of retell this story and remember what he did.

Also, there'll be special prayers and services on the date at the mosque.

And at home, people might say special prayers and retell the story together at home.

Also, many Shia Muslims will commemorate the event by taking part in actions against injustice or oppression in the world.

So they might take part in protest or make that special effort to sort of try and do something about things that are unfair in the world because of that inspiration from what Hussain did.

And also, some Shia Muslims take part in ritual mourning actions.

So mourning is when somebody has died and you're kind of remembering this, and some Shia Muslims take part in physical actions to do this too.

So Laura, Jun, and Jacob now are discussing why telling this story and retelling this story each year might be so important to Shia Muslims. Laura says, "Well, I remember stories really well.

Maybe that's why." And Jun says, "Yeah, I remember stories from plays and films even better." And Laura says, "I think that's the best way to keep his story alive." And Jacob says, "I can see why telling this story can become very emotional." And Jun says, "I think storytelling like this can help Shia Muslims think about what they would've done in the same situation." And so we know, don't we, that as humans, we learn from stories and we tell stories and that's part of how we tell our history of what's happened.

And so retelling this story of Ashura can help people today connect with what happened on that Battle of Karbala.

And yes, it can be very emotional.

Yes, it can be quite graphic because of how brutal and bloody that battle was, but that story can be kept alive of just how big a sacrifice Hussain was willing to make through retelling the story of Ashura.

Let's do a quick check.

What story is being retold by this play? Pause the video and have a go.

We'll see what you've got in a moment.

Well done.

The martyrdom of Imam Hussain, or you might have said the Battle of Karbala.

Well done.

So now let's think about how Shia Muslims might commemorate this.

Jun is asking Rasool, who's a Shia Muslim, "As a Shia Muslim, how do you commemorate Ashura, Rasool?" And Rasool says, "The Prophet Muhammad asked us to show love to his relatives, and so I show love to Hussain by remembering his courageous actions at Ashura.

I go to my local mosque each night of Muharram before Ashura where the story is retold.

The story is so powerful to me because it makes me think if I would've stood by Hussain or ran away." And Rasool here, you can see, has his hand across his chest, and that action is quite a common thing that Shia Muslims might do as part of the commemoration of Ashura as well.

"Why do you have your hand on your chest like that, Rasool?", Jun asks.

And he says, "When I'm commemorating the story of Ashura, I sometimes tap my chest.

Sometimes many of us, together tap our chest and it can be a powerful moment for us.

The tapping reminds me of the pain that Hussain suffered because he stood up against injustice.

The tapping also reminds me of the hooves that trampled Hussain's body after he died." And so now Laura is asking Zainab.

"As a Shia Muslim, how do you commemorate Ashura, Zainab?" And Zainab says, "I was named after Zainab, the sister of Hussain, and the continuing legacy of Imam Hussain is very important to me.

He stood against injustice and oppression, so I take a stand against that too as a key belief for me is that Allah is just adalat.

One thing I have done for Ashura is I volunteer at a protest we had in my town against terrorism.

I took a stand by helping and raising my own voice against that oppression just as Hussain did at Karbala." So we've seen there are different ways Muslims might commemorate Ashura.

Let's together give the first of two ways that Muslims may commemorate Ashura.

Hmm, attending plays that are showing the story so that retelling of the story is a really important part of commemorating Ashura, isn't it? So over to you.

Give the second of two ways that listeners may commemorate Ashura.

Pause the video and have a go.

We'll see what you've got in a moment.

Well done.

I've got here tapping a chest during the commemoration.

So let's do another practise task to see what we've learned.

Using the images as a prompt, explain two different ways that a Shia Muslim may commemorate Ashura.

You might like to use the sentence stems. "One way Shia Muslims commemorate Ashura is by.

This means that.

." And, "A different way that Shia Muslims may commemorate Ashura is by.

And this means that.

." And you can think of the example that we had from Zainab and Rasool there as well.

So pause the video and have a go.

We'll see what you've got in a moment.

Well done.

Some good thinking there.

So I asked you to explain two different ways that a Shia Muslim may commemorate Ashura, and your response may look something like this.

"One way that Shia Muslims may commemorate Ashura is by holding protest against injustice.

This means that by standing against injustice, they are continuing Hussain's legacy today." "A different way that Shia Muslims may commemorate Ashura is by retelling the story of the Battle of Karbala each night.

This means the memory of what Hussain did will live on within communities." Well done.

So onto our third and final section then, Id-ul-Ghadeer.

Shia Muslims believe that before his death, the Prophet Muhammad announced Ali as a successor.

So we saw from our timeline earlier that Ali does become one of the leaders of the Muslim community.

And Shia Muslims believe that before he died, Muhammad announced that Allah had appointed Ali to be his successor.

So we can see here in a map, we've got Mecca and Medina, and a place called Ghadeer Khumm, which is gonna be important for our story today.

The Prophet Muhammad was returning from his farewell pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina.

So he's living in Medina at the time, and the Kaaba and the Hajj that happened in Mecca, and he's returning back from this, back to Medina, and we can see the journey he would've taken past this place called Ghadeer Khumm.

He was travelling with Ali and other Muslims, and they stopped at an oasis, Ghadeer Khumm.

Sometimes it's spelled slightly differently, so you can see the two spellings here.

So they've stopped at this oasis in the desert for a rest.

And Muhammad chose this moment to bring Ali to the front of the group to raise his arm and make a statement.

"For whomever I'm his mawla, then Ali is his mawla." Now, Shia Muslims believe the term mawla means someone with authority and he could be a guardian and a leader.

So if the Prophet Muhammad is the leader and the guardian of the Muslims, as the mawla at that point, he's chosen this moment to say that Allah has chosen Ali to be the mawla.

So the guardian and the leader for the Muslim community.

How could this Hadith then support the belief that Ali was the successor to the Prophet Muhammad? Pause the video and have a think, and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

We have this term mawla, and that Ali will be the mawla.

And remember we're thinking here about the Shia interpretations of this Hadith.

Ali is said to be the mawla, a leader authority figure just as Muhammad is for the Muslim community.

So this moment is celebrated each year within Shia Muslims communities with Id-ul-Ghadeer.

So we know that "Id" means festival or celebration.

So we have this celebration of what happened at Ghadeer.

And Zainab's gonna explain to us.

She says, "Along with the other Ids in Islam, my family celebrates Id-ul-Ghadeer each year.

In this festival, we celebrate when the Prophet Muhammad announced Ali to be his successor, the first Imam." How might she celebrate Id-ul-Ghadeer? She said too that she does celebrate them.

What kind of things do you think might happen as part of the celebration of Id-ul-Ghadeer? Pause the video and have a think, and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Let's do a quick check.

In which Muslim source of authority was it said, "For whomever I'm his mawla, then Ali is his mawla." Which source of authority was that? Pause the video and have a think, and we'll see what you got in a moment.

Fantastic, that was in the Hadith.

But it's interpreted slightly differently between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Well done.

Now, most Muslims believe that the section of Surah 5:3 or section 5.

3 of the Quran was the final part revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.

So earlier in the lesson we saw that the first revelations were in the year 610.

So this is towards the end of the Muhammad's life, just before he dies, and this is the final part that's revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.

And you can see this in the phrasing here.

"Today, I have perfected your religion for you, and completed my favour upon you, and have approved Islam as a religion for you." So that's Surah 5:3.

How could that passage relate to it being the final revelation of the Quran? Because we know the Quran was revealed over periods of many years.

So how could we look at that and think, "Yeah, that makes sense that that's the final bit." Is there any words in there that could indicate that for us? Pause the video and have a think, and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, we've got this word perfected and completed.

So it shows that the religion is now complete and perfect, the final part of the message has been relayed, and the whole message for humanity is contained there within the Quran.

So 5.

3 states the religion of Islam is now complete and perfect.

So that's it.

There's not gonna be any more revelations after this point.

Shia traditions state that this is revealed after the Prophet Muhammad announced Ali would be his successor with that Hadith of the mawla at Ghadeer Khumm.

So this means that Islam for Shia Muslims is now complete with the designation of Ali as the successor.

So this links to the belief in the Imamah that you have as a key belief within Shia Islam.

So if this is revealed after this moment where the Prophet Muhammad has announced that Ali will be his successor, it's chosen by Allah, then that is part of the religion because 5.

3 is saying right now the religion is complete and perfect, everything's been revealed.

Sunni traditions state it was revealed before Muhammad stopped at Ghadeer Khumm as part of that farewell pilgrimage.

If you remember he was travelling back from the pilgrimage.

Sunni Muslims also have this passage in the Quran and believe it's the last one that's revealed and showed that the religion was complete.

But for Sunni Muslims, this was revealed before the Prophet Muhammad stopped and said that statement about Ali being the mawla.

So this means Islam was complete before Mohammed stopped at Ghadeer Khumm, and did not designate Ali as a successor.

But he did say it that he was clearing his name from defamation.

There were some disputes going on between the different Muslims and he was saying, "Yeah, he's a friend or an ally." And actually, Ali does go on to be one of the leaders in Islam, doesn't he? So for Sunni Muslims, this was said before that phrase about Ali being a mawla is said.

So that is the religion and it's complete.

And then Muhammad is just clearing the name of Ali by doing this sentence that he says about Ali being a mawla.

But for Shia Muslims it's said after, and so that means that that phrase that he said about Ali being a mawla is a significant part of the religion, and it leads to the beliefs that we have in the Imamah within Shia Islam, which in turn leads to this being celebrated with the Id-ul-Ghadeer within Shia Islam.

So Hassan is a Shia Muslim and Jamila is a Sunni Muslim, and they're going to explain why it's important when Surah 5:3 was revealed.

Hassan says, "It's important to me that 5:3 was revealed after Ghadeer Khumm, as this is why I believe Imam Ali's successorship is part of the religion of Islam." And Jamila says, "It's important to me that 5.

3 was revealed at the farewell pilgrimage when Muhammad delivered his final sermon.

This is when the revelations were completed." What might have influenced Hassan and Jamila to have different views on this then? Can you think of what might have influenced them to have these different perspectives? Pause the video and have a think, and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Let's do a quick check.

The majority of Muslims believe that Surah 5:3 was the last revelation of the Quran to Prophet Muhammad.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a think, and we'll see what you got in a moment.

That is true, isn't it? But why? Because most Muslims do believe this is the final revelation.

But Sunni Muslims generally believe this is revealed during the farewell pilgrimage, where Shia Muslims believe this is revealed after Ghadeer Khumm.

Well done.

Let's do a practise task to see what we've learned.

You're going to complete the table by explaining the importance of each source of authority for the Shia celebration of the Id-ul-Ghadeer.

and the source of authority are, "For whomever I'm his mawla, then Ali is his mawla" in the Hadith.

You can explain, "This is important for the Shia celebration of the Id-ul-Ghadeer because.

." And secondly, "Today, I have perfected your religion for you and completed my favour upon you, and approved Islam as a religion for you, which is SUrah 5:3." And, "This is important for the Shia celebration of Id-ul-Ghadeer because.

." So pause the video and have a go, and we'll see what you've got in a moment.

Well done.

Some good thinking.

So I asked you to complete the table by explaining the importance of each source of authority for the Shia celebration of Id-ul-Ghadeer.

"For whomever I'm his mawla, then Ali is his mawla," in the Hadith.

This is important for the Shia celebration of Id-ul-Ghadeer because.

." And you might have said, "Shia Muslims believe this is when Muhammad announced Ali would be his successor and lead the Muslim community." And, "Today, I perfected your religion for you and I've completed my favour upon you and approved Islam as a religion for you." "This is important for the Shia celebration of Id-ul-Ghadeer because.

." And you could have said, "Shia Muslims belief this was revealed after Ghadeer Khumm showing that Ali's successorship was an important part of Islam.

Well done.

So let's summarise everything we've learned today then.

Id-ul-Ghadeer and Ashura.

Imam Hussain was the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.

He was martyred in the Battle of Karbala, and this is commemorated each year by Ashura.

Commemorations can include processions, retelling the story, ritual mourning, and taking a stand against injustice.

Id-ul-Ghadeer is celebrated by Shia Muslims as the day that Muhammad announced Ali would be his successor.

So well done for your hard work today, and I hope to see you soon.

Buh-bye.