Hello, my young scholars of religion.

My name is Miss Marx and I'm going to be your religious education teacher today.

Today we're going to be doing about Muslim beliefs to do with judgement and the afterlife.

And so we will be thinking about ideas to do with when people pass away and what's going to happen at the end of the world according to Muslim teachings, when everybody's going to be judged by Allah.

So if you're ready for that, then let's go.

So by the end of the lesson today, you'll be able to explain and compare different Muslim beliefs about judgement and the afterlife and how they also impact a Muslim's life.

So let's start with our key terms then.

Afterlife: the belief that there is life after death.

Akhirah: beliefs about life after death in Islam.

Jahannam: an Arabic word used for "hell," Jannah: an Arabic term used for "heaven," and judgement : the belief that all humans will be accountable for their deeds, both good and bad.

So watch out for those in today's lesson.

Our lesson today will have three sections: teachings about the afterlife, the impact of teachings about the afterlife and divergent views about the afterlife.

Let's start with our first section, teachings about the afterlife.

If you could weigh up all of your good actions against all of your bad actions in life, would one side be heavier than the other? So pause the video and have a think about this and you could talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, Muslims believe that their actions will be weighed up like this on the day of judgement , all their good actions against all of their bad actions, beliefs about the afterlife and the day of judgement are known as akhirah, and they're part of both the Six Articles of Faith in Sunni Islam and the Five Roots of Faith or Usul ad-Din in Shi'a Islam.

Teachings from Muslim sources of authority about judgement and the afterlife include: that the angel Israfil will blow a trumpet showing it's the Last Day, everyone will be resurrected and gather on the plain of Mount Arafat, ready for judgement.

And on this day, every person will be handed their book of deeds and they will read from it.

In the second Surah of the Qur'an, there's a discussion about what will happen on the day of resurrection and the day of judgement.

And it says, "And they say, when we have become bones and fragments, shall we really be resurrected as a new creation? Say, even if you become rocks or iron, or some substance, which in your mind, is even harder, then they will say, who will restore us? Say, the one who originated you the first time.

Then they will nod their heads at you and say, when will it be? Say, perhaps it will be soon.

On the day when he calls you, you will respond with his praise and you will realise that you stayed only a little.

On the day when we call every people with their leader, whoever's given his record in his right hand, these will read their record and they will not be wronged one bit.

But whoever is blind in this, he'll be blind in the hereafter and further astray from the way." And this is in Surah 2 of the Qur'an.

This passage reminds Muslims that Allah has the power to resurrect all humans physically and they should be ready, for the day may be soon.

The passage also reminds Muslims that their deeds will be recorded and they'll be judged on these.

Those with more good deeds than bad deeds will go to heaven, Jannah, and those with more bad deeds than good will go to hell, Jahannam.

So Sam is asking Jamila then, "What does this Surah teach her about the afterlife then? And Jamila says, "This passage in the Qur'an reminds me that Allah is all powerful and created us in the first place, so will be able to resurrect all humans physically.

It also encourages me to be ready for the last day at any point.

The passage teaches me that my deeds do not go unnoticed and they'll be weighed on judgement day.

I hope Allah will be merciful to me and I try to do as many good deeds as I can to prepare for the afterlife." Thank you, Jamila.

Let's do a quick check.

Which of these events do Muslim's believe will happen first as part of judgement and the afterlife, then? Is it the bodily resurrection on Mount Arafat, that the angel Israfil will sound the trumpet, or that each person is handed their book of deeds? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well, done, the first thing that will happen is Angel Israfil will sound the trumpet, ready for the day of resurrection and day of judgement.

Well done.

So what are some Muslim beliefs about heaven or Jannah, then? Well, it's believed to have trees with fresh, ripe fruit to eat, have seven different levels or stages, to be the perfect temperature, not too hot and not too cold, to have the wine of paradise, which is not like the wine we know on Earth, to be where loved ones are reunited and all will feel the acceptance of Allah, and it'll have rivers of honey and milk.

So it's a place of paradise with lovely things to eat and to drink and to be with many people that we love.

Let's have a look at a source of authority that supports, this then.

And we can look to the Hadith, which has got the sayings and the actions of the Prophet Muhammad as narrated by those who were around him at the time.

And in the Hadith, it says, " Allah said, 'I have prepared For my righteous slaves,'" and the term here, slaves being used to do with someone who's in submission to Allah's will and teachings, "such excellent things as no I has ever seen, no ear has ever heard of, no human heart can think of.

'" And this is suggesting something about what heaven will be like.

What belief about akhirah can this Hadith support for a Muslim, then? Pause the video and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, we have this idea that those who are righteous are going to get to this place that's so excellent, no eyes ever seen it on Earth or never even be able to imagine or conceive of something like this.

No human can even imagine what heaven Jannah will be like.

That's how wonderful the paradise will be.

But then also some people will be sent to hell or Jahannam.

And the term Jahannam is often used for "hell" in Islam.

Other terms used in Muslim teachings to describe what hell will be like are: the fire, the abyss, the blazing fire, a place of burning, a place which breaks to pieces.

So it's kind of a broken place, very sad place, a very endless place.

And also there'll be this intense, blazing, burning, scorching heat.

Other things that are believed about hell or Jahannam, then: it'll be a blazing eternal fire, hotter than any fire on Earth.

It'll have seven different stages or levels.

It'll be a place where everyone is constantly thirsty, a place of darkness where people cry out and scream.

It'll be a place of physical pain where people wear chains, and having water that is scolding hot to drink and food which is bitter and painful to eat.

So you can see how that compares to the different beliefs we had about heaven.

Places where there's milk and honey and heavenly wine to drink.

Let's do another check.

In which Muslim source of authority was it said that no one could imagine what heaven or Jannah would be like? Pause the video and have a think and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well done.

That was in the Hadith.

Let's do a practise task to see what we've learned.

You're going to explain to Muslim beliefs about Jannah and Jahannam, heaven and hell.

You're gonna refer to sacred writings or another source of Muslim belief and teaching in your answer.

And the guidance is you're going to give two points and develop them.

And for one of them, you're going to include the name of a source that links to your point and what it teaches.

And it could be a quotation or a general belief or teaching.

So again, you're going to explain two Muslim beliefs about Jannah and Jahannam.

Pause the video and have a go and we'll see you done in a moment.

Well done.

Some great thinking there.

So I asked you to explain two Muslim beliefs about Jannah and Jahannam, heaven and hell, and refer to sacred writings or another source of Muslim belief and teaching in your answer.

And your answer may look something like this.

One Muslim belief about Jannah, heaven, is that it'll be a paradise, like a garden where many rivers flow.

Muslims believe this because it says in the Qur'an, those who believe and do good deeds will have "gardens beneath which rivers flow." One Muslim belief about Jahannam, hell, is that it'll be a painful place of punishment and torment.

In the Qur'an, Jahannam is often called a fire or abyss, showing it'll be hot and painful and also a vast and sad place.

And I've chosen to use a direct quote in my first paragraph where I've said that in the Qur'an it says that heaven will be a place where there are "gardens beneath which rivers flow." Well done.

So onto our second section, then: The impact of teachings about the afterlife.

So when discussing judgement and the afterlife, the Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said about the last day.

So here we've got in the Hadith, which is those narrations of what the Prophet Muhammad said and did, that his companions passed down.

And it says "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should not hurt his neighbour.

And whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should serve his guest generously.

And whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should speak what is good or keep silent." So what actions are mentioned here that the Prophet Muhammad is suggesting would be good if someone believes in Allah and the Last Day, then? Pause the video and have a think, reread the text, and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

What have we got here? Not hurting your neighbour, serving your guest and speaking what is good or keeping silent.

Not hurting others, serving others and speaking what is good.

Now, belief in judgement in the afterlife can impact many parts of a Muslim's life, as well as those actions that the Prophet Mohamed has suggested.

For example, performing certain actions to gain forgiveness.

And here we've got people performing the Hajj ritual.

Following the instructions in the Qur'an as that guidance for how people should live.

Serving rather than hurting others.

So finding ways to serve and help others.

And also praying for strength to make the right choices so people may want to make sure that they have a good destination for the afterlife.

So they want to make the right choices for that book of deeds today.

Let's do a quick check.

Is this true or false? Belief in judgement in the afterlife could impact a Muslim to be generous towards their guests.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a think and we'll see what you come up with in a moment Well done.

That is true, isn't it? Because the Prophet Muhammad told Muslims to be generous with their guests if they believe in Allah and the Last Day.

Well, let's explore this a little bit more, then.

Sofia's asking Iqbal, "How does the belief in judgement and the afterlife impact you, Iqbal?" And Iqbal says, "My belief in the afterlife influences me to want to have more good actions than bad actions in my record when I'm judged after it.

This means I pray every day and make sure I fast at the right time of year in the right way.

I've taken a pilgrimage to Mecca, which will also help me to gain forgiveness for my sins.

This will help me when I'm judged.

Thank you, Iqbal.

And Andeep asks, "How does the belief in judgement and the afterlife impact you, Meyrem? Meyrem says, "A belief in the afterlife comforts me because I know we will all be resurrected fully.

And this makes me hopeful I'll see family members again who I miss.

Also, I know that angels will be with us, which means I'm less scared of what will happen.

Allah is all loving and so I hope Allah will be merciful to me and forgive wrongdoings I may have done." Thank you, Meyrem.

Well, Meyrem and Iqbal there, have shown us there's often more than one way that beliefs can impact believers.

We're going to, together, give two ways that a belief in judgement and the afterlife might impact a Muslim.

Hmm, feeling comfort about loved ones who have died, or praying each day.

So over to you, then.

Give another way that a belief in judgement and the afterlife might impact a Muslim.

Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you come up with in a moment.

I've got here, going on a pilgrimage, like Iqbal said.

So let's do a practise task to see what we've learned, then.

You're going to explain two ways that a belief in judgement and the afterlife might impact Muslims today.

And the guidance is to give two points and develop them.

You're going to give one way beliefs can impact Muslims and develop it by explaining how and why this could impact the life of a Muslim.

You're going to give another way beliefs can impact Muslims and then explain how and why this could impact the life of a Muslim.

So pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you come up with in a moment.

Well done, some great thinking.

So I asked you to explain two ways that beliefs about the afterlife may impact Muslims today.

And your answer may look something like this: Beliefs about judgement and the afterlife can impact Muslims by encouraging them to want to do more good actions.

This is because after the Last Day and resurrection, each person will be judged according to their actions.

By having more good actions, Muslims hope to be rewarded rather than punished.

Also beliefs, beliefs about judgement and the afterlife can also impact Muslims by comforting them that Allah is in control and has given angels roles to help humans through this time.

Eg: Israfil will announce the Last Day, showing it's all in Allah's control.

So I've given two points here and developed each of them with my explanation.

Well done.

So onto our third section, then: Divergent views about the afterlife.

Most Muslims believe that after someone has died, their soul will enter Barzakh, which is a state of waiting for the day of judgement before going to either heaven or hell.

And most Muslims believe that during this time, angels will question the soul of the person.

If the questions are answered correctly, then their soul will sleep peacefully until the day of judgement.

If the questions are answered incorrectly, then the soul will be tormented by angels and sometimes this is called the punishment of the grave.

There is some divergence between different groups of Muslims on the precise questions which are asked.

So here we have Iqbal who's a Sunni Muslim and he says, "I believe the angels will ask me who my Lord, religion and prophet is when I'm waiting between death and Judgement Day.

And Fatemeh, who's a Shi'a Muslim says, "I believe the angels will ask me who my Lord, religion, prophet and Imam is when I am waiting between death and Judgement Day." So what is similar and what is different between these two divergent views, then? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well Fatemeh here believes she'll be asked about her Imam as well, because as a Shi'a Muslim, she has a belief in the a'immah.

Also there are divergent views about intercession, which is pleading with God for another one's forgiveness, with God's permission.

So pleading with God and asking for forgiveness for another.

Intercession in Islam is where one person pleads with God for the forgiveness of another.

And in Islam, this can only be done with the permission of God.

Intercession is mentioned numerous times in the Qur'an as well as in the Hadith.

And whilst each person will be accountable to Allah for their deeds on Judgement Day, most Muslims believe there may be some intercession, asking God to forgive sins that Muslims may have done.

Whilst most Muslims accept some form of intercession can happen, some do not, for fear it could lead to polytheism, worship of more than one God, with people praying to anyone other than Allah.

This is a view held within Wahhabi Islam.

So Sarah, who's a Sunni Muslim, says, "I believe the Prophet Muhammad can intercede for me and ask that I'm forgiven of my sins as he's close to Allah, and this comforts me." So intercession isn't a belief that the Prophet Muhammad can forgive Sarah.

She's believing that Allah will forgive Sarah, but the Prophet Muhammad can ask God for that forgiveness on her behalf.

And Hassan, who's a Shi'a Muslim says, "I believe the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams can intercede for me as they're friends of Allah and chosen by Allah as guides for us." So again, we've got Hassan believing the intercession can happen, but rather than it just being the Prophet Muhammad, he believes that Imams can also intercede for him, which means it's Allah doing the forgiving, but that the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams can ask for his forgiveness on his behalf.

What is similar and what's different between these two then? Pause the video and have a think and we'll see what you come up with in a moment.

While Sarah here has a belief that the Prophet Muhammad can intercede for her, whereas Hassan has a belief that the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams can intercede for him.

Well done.

Let's do another check.

Which term means the state of waiting between death and judgement day? Is it Barzakh, intercession, or afterlife? Pause the video and have a go.

We'll see what you come up with in a moment.

Well done.

It's Barzakh.

So people who live in Great Britain are part of many different religious and non-religious worldviews, as we can see from the latest census result from 2021.

And Christianity is often known as the main religious tradition of Great Britain.

So we can see statistically that the largest group of people who said they were part of religion was Christianity with 46.

2%.

Now there are some beliefs and practises which can be compared and contrasted with those of other religions in Great Britain.

So we can now compare beliefs about life after death between Islam and Christianity.

Let's do a quick check.

Which religion is sometimes referred to as the main religious tradition of Great Britain? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well done.

It's Christianity.

So let's think about beliefs about life after death in Christianity, then.

Some of the important beliefs in Christianity are: that many Christians believe the afterlife consists of heaven and hell.

Some Christians believe that heaven and hell are physical places and others believe they are spiritual states.

Roman Catholic Christians believe in a place of cleansing known as purgatory.

Many Christians believe in judgement.

Some Christians believe this happens immediately after death.

Others believe this happens at the end of time at the Second Coming of Jesus.

And many Christians believe the dead will be raised at the end of time, resurrection.

And there are different beliefs about whether this will be physical or spiritual.

So Asher, who's a Christian, is going to explain these beliefs to us.

He's a Pentecostal Christian.

He says, "I believe that heaven and hell are physical places.

Those who've accepted Jesus go to heaven and have eternal life with God.

Those who've rejected Jesus face eternal punishment in hell.

I also believe in the Second Coming of Jesus, where Jesus, the Son of God will return to judge the living and the dead." Thank you, Asher.

Danielle's also a Christian, she's Roman Catholic and she explains her beliefs.

"I believe that when we die, God would judge us based on our actions in this life.

Most people are not good enough to go to heaven and need to go through a state of cleansing and purification before they're ready to go to heaven and be in the presence of God.

I see heaven and hell as spiritual states." Thank you, Danielle.

So let's do another check.

All Christians believe that heaven and hell are physical places.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, that's false, isn't it? But why? Well, again, we've got that word "all" here, haven't we? That all Christians have an agreement on this.

Because some Christians believe that heaven and hell are spiritual states rather than physical places.

Well done.

So time for a practise task now to see what we've learned.

Now that we've looked at Christian beliefs about the afterlife as well as Muslim beliefs about the afterlife, you are going to describe two ways that beliefs about life after death are different between Christianity, the main religious tradition of Great Britain and Islam.

You might like to use the ideas in the table below.

We have beliefs in Christianity about life after death.

Jesus, the Son of God will return to judge living and the dead.

There's a diversity of views around spiritual or physical nature of heaven and hell.

Roman Catholic Christians believe in purgatory, a state of cleansing, and there's a diversity of views around the spiritual or physical nature of resurrection.

And beliefs in Islam about life after death.

Beliefs are that Jesus will affirm he was a prophet and not the Son of God.

Physical resurrection on the plains of Arafat.

People are judged on their book of deeds.

Those with more bad deeds than good deeds will go to hell, and angels will ask questions of the dead before judgement day.

And you might like to use the sentence stems on the next slide, which are: Describe two ways that beliefs about life after death are different between Christianity, the main religious tradition of Great Britain, and Islam.

Suggested sentence stems are: One belief in Christianity about life after death is.

This contrasts with beliefs about life after death in Islam because.

A second belief in Christianity about life after death is.

And this contrasts with beliefs about life after death in Islam because.

So pause the video and have a go.

You could use the slide before for some of the points.

Have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done.

Some great thinking there.

I asked you to describe two ways that beliefs about life after death are different between Christianity, the main religious tradition of Great Britain, and Islam.

And your answer may look something like this: One belief in Christianity about life after death is that Jesus will return as the Son of God to judge the living and the dead on judgement day.

This contrasts with beliefs about life after death in Islam because Jesus will return, but affirm he was a prophet and not the Son of God and that he did not die on the cross.

A second belief in Christianity about life after death is that Roman Catholic Christians believe souls may pass through a state of purgatory, or cleansing, if they've not been good enough to go straight to heaven.

This contrasts with beliefs about life after death in Islam because Muslims do not believe in purgatory, but that after judgement , people either go to heaven or hell.

So, well done.

So let's summarise what we've learned today, then.

Muslims believe that there is life after death and these beliefs are known as akhirah.

After people are judged by Allah, they will go to either heaven, Jannah, or hell, Jahannam.

These are described in the Qur'an and Hadith and are described as having different stages.

Heaven is a place of pleasure; Hell is a place of pain.

There are divergent views within Islam around some teachings related to the afterlife, and there are some similarities and some differences between Christian and Muslim teachings about the afterlife.

So, well done for your hard work today and I'll see you again soon.

Bye-bye!.