Hello, my scholars of religion.

My name is Ms. Marks and I'm going to be your religious education teacher today.

Today we're going to be doing all about prophethood and looking at some examples of key prophets in Islam.

So we're going to get quite theological and also historical when we think about their stories.

So when you're ready, let's go.

So by the end of this lesson, you'll be able to explain the role and importance of prophethood in Islam.

So let's start with our key words then.

And actually these are all key names.

Adam, the first human and prophet of Islam.

Dawud, David, prophet of Islam, also the King of Israel.

Ibrahim, also known as Abraham, prophet of Islam who rebuilt the Ka'aba with his son, Ismail.

Isa, Jesus, son of Maryam and prophet of Islam, will return in the Last Days.

Musa, Moses, a prophet of Islam who Allah used to free the Israelites from slavery.

So look out for them in today's lesson.

So our lesson today will have three sections, prophethood, a key belief in Islam, the example of Adam and Ibrahim, the example of Musa, Dawud and Isa.

So let's start with our first section then.

Prophethood, a key belief in Islam.

So there are 25 prophets who are named in the Qur'an and some of them are named more often than others.

I wonder if you know who is named the most in the Qur'an as a prophet.

Pause the video and have a think.

You could talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

I wonder if you guessed any of these.

So the ones who are named the most are Adam, Ibrahim, Ismail, Musa, Dawud, Isa, and Muhammad.

And the one who's named the absolute most is Musa, followed by Ibrahim.

All the prophets of Islam had the same central message, however of the oneness of Allah as submission to Allah.

So all these different prophets at different times, but also sometimes to different people had that same message of the oneness of Allah and to submit to Allah.

And prophethood is known as risalah in the six articles of faith.

Many of the prophets mentioned in the Qur'an are connected through family lines.

Adam is the first prophet and human.

So all humans are descended from him.

Ibrahim is an important prophet who's seen as the father of many others.

Muhammad was born from the line of Ibrahim's son Ismail and Musa, Dawud and Isa are born from the line of Ibrahim's son Ishaq.

So let's think about some beliefs connected to prophethood in Islam then.

Some prophets had holy text revealed to them.

Not all of them, but some did.

The prophets were all human.

They're not divine beings, they're not the sons of God or God in any way or angels.

They are humans.

The prophets in Islam did not commit major sins.

So they may have committed minor sins or accidental sins, but they didn't commit major deliberate sins.

25 are mentioned by name in the Qur'an, although some Hadith suggest there were many more prophets that aren't named.

These are the ones we know, but there may have been more.

And of the ones who were named, they were all male.

So let's do a quick check.

If you had the question, outline three Muslim beliefs about prophethood and with outline it means it needs to be a sentence rather than just a word.

Which three of these could you use? So we have, some Muslims believe there were more than 25 prophets.

The Muslims in Islam were all divine beings made of light.

There are 25 prophets mentioned by name in the Qur'an, and the prophets in Islam did not commit major sins.

Which three of these could you use for that question? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've got in a moment.

Well done, A, C and D you could have used.

B is incorrect because it's angels that are divine beings made of light not prophets who were human.

So prophethood in Islam can be understood in this way.

Allah created the universe and all human life.

Humans were created in order to worship Allah and lead good lives.

But in order for humans to know how to do this, Allah has sent clear instructions to them through messages revealed to prophets.

And each tribe or group of humans has had a message.

There's 25 in the Qur'an, but many Muslims believe there have been more that are not mentioned the Qur'an, but that is suggested in some Hadiths.

So each group and people have had that message of how to submit to Allah.

Well what about a source of authority that can support some of these beliefs about prophethood then? Well, we're going to go to the Qur'an as the ultimate source of authority in Islam then.

And in Surah 2 it says, "We believe in God and what was revealed to us, what was revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Patriarchs, what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets, from their Lord.

We make no distinction between any of them.

And to Him we surrender." It's in Surah 2.

Now there's quite a lot in here about prophethood isn't there? What does it show us about prophethood and Muslim beliefs about prophethood then? Pause the video and have a think and you could talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, I've got here that there have been many prophets in Islam.

Messages were revealed to them and they're equal and there's no distinction between any of them 'cause there's many prophets here listed and there's no distinction between them.

It's the same message of the wonders of Allah and submission to Allah.

Let's do another check then.

Give two beliefs about prophecy shown in Surah 2.

Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've got in a moment.

Great, I've got here that Allah has sent different prophets.

And there's no distinction made between those prophets.

Well done.

So let's do a task to see what we've learned.

Explain two Muslim beliefs about prophethood and you must refer to sacred writings or another source of Muslim belief and teaching in your answer.

So you're going to twice give a point and develop it, but for one of them you're going to include the name of a source and what it says and teaches and explain what it means.

And you're going to use a quotation or a general teaching or belief.

Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done some great thinking there.

So I asked you to explain two Muslim beliefs about prophethood and your answer may look something like this.

And remember in one of them we need to mention a quote or a source where it's from and how it links to our point.

One belief about prophethood is that Allah has sent many prophets including 25 mentioned in the Qur'an.

Muslims believed they were given messages from Allah because it says in the Qur'an "What was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac and Jacob, Moses and Jesus," showing that there've been many prophets that have had revelations.

Another belief about prophethood that muslims have is that prophets are not God, but are humans chosen by God to receive a message or revelation, for example, the Prophet Muhammad, and I chose to put my quote in the first paragraph here where I've said in the Qur'an where there are many prophets that have had revelations, well done.

So onto our second section then, the example of Adam and Ibrahim.

Adam is the first man and prophet and he's mentioned 25 times in the Qur'an.

And here's one example, "When your Lord said to the angels, I'm placing a successor on earth, he said, 'I know what you do not know.

' And he taught Adam the names, all of them." Adam is given the role of successor, the Arabic term for this is khalifah.

Sometimes this is translated as trustee or steward.

So how might Adam then be an example for Muslims to follow today? So pause the video and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well perhaps Adam could be an example for how to be a careful steward or trustee or khalifah of this earth that Allah has put humans on as Allah gave Adam that special role as a successor on earth.

Let's do a quick check.

What Arabic term means a successor, substitute or steward? What term is that? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done it's khalifah.

So later on in the story of Adam, after he's been created by Allah and been told the name of all things, we have an encounter with the angels, Satan and Adam's spouse.

It goes like this.

Allah created Adam in paradise and instructed the angels and Satan to bow down to worship him.

The angels obeyed, but Satan who had free will, did not.

Adam and his spouse were placed in a garden and told not to approach a certain tree and Satan tempts them to approach the tree going against Allah's command.

Allah turns towards Adam after this and gives him a revelation as a prophet.

So this story shows us that Adam is created after the angels and with the angels and Allah and the angels are instructed to bow down and worship Allah.

Satan refuses and the other angels do.

And we can see that relationship between humanity and angels in other Muslim beliefs, can't we? Beliefs that Muslims have about angels being with us and near us and sometimes serving humans.

Then Adam and his spouse are placed in a garden and told not to approach a tree and they do approach the tree breaking that rule, but it's not seen as a major sin and the blame really is also on Satan for tempting them.

How could Satan's role in this story influence a Muslim today then? Pause the video and have a think and we'll see what you come up with in a moment.

Well, could this story influence a Muslim to want to be strong against temptation and to pray more and be more steadfast in doing the right things rather than giving into temptation and doing sin? Let's see what different Muslim beliefs there are about Adam then.

He was the first man and prophet from who all humans descended.

That he had the role of khalifah or successor.

The angels were expected to serve and bow down to him.

He does wrong, but it's forgiven by Allah.

He is sent to live on earth to experience and enjoy life for a while and some believe that he worshipped Allah at the site of the Ka'aba today.

So we'll see the Ka'aba again later in the lesson.

It's a significant place for several of the prophets in Islam and some Muslims believe that Adam actually worshipped Allah at that very site.

Let's do a quick check.

In the Qur'an in the story we just saw Adam and his spouse are equally responsible for the wrongdoing of approaching the tree.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you come up with in a moment.

Well done, that is true, isn't it? The Qur'an doesn't place blame on Adam's spouse for the wrongdoing, but they are equally to blame and Satan is said to be the direct cause of the wrongdoing 'cause he actually tricked them into approaching the tree.

So now let's think about Ibrahim.

Ibrahim came from Ur and he's mentioned 69 times in the Qur'an.

He's believed to have lived around 2000 BCE and at this time, at his time people worshipped many gods and idols and even made statues and worshipped these things that they had created.

And in this map here we can see how big the area is that he actually influenced establishing monotheism.

So we've got Ur there, which is in modern day Iraq pretty much that's where historians tend to believe Ur was where he came from.

And then we've got over here we've got Jerusalem and then Hebron where he's believed to be buried.

And then we know that also he's significant in the stories around Makkah and the Ka'aba.

So that's quite a large area, that he helped to establish monotheism, and the worship of the one God.

So according to the Qur'an and Muslim traditions, Ibrahim was born into a society where people widely practised idolatry.

In fact, Ibrahim's own father was an idol creator.

He made idols out of wood and stone which people could worship.

And Ibrahim didn't believe these idols had any powers or should be worshipped or prayed to.

People also worshipped the sun, the moon, and the stars during Ibrahim's time.

He challenged this through talking to people and trying to help them see that these manmade creations and parts of nature were not something they should be worshipping or praying to.

One way that he challenged this was through breaking some of the idols in his father's shop.

He left an axe with the biggest idol and when people found the broken idols, he told them the largest one had done the damage.

When the people said the idol couldn't have done that damage, Ibrahim used this to prove his point that these idols were not worth worshipping.

The people were so challenged by Ibrahim's views that eventually he was sentenced to death and by being burnt alive.

When the time came, Allah miraculously kept Ibrahim alive and feeling cool, which was a reward for his faith in the one true God rather than worshipping idols.

So after this incident with the fire, we read that Ibrahim had two wives, Sarah and Hagar.

And from those two wives he has two sons, one from each wife, Ibrahim and Hagar first have Ismail and then Ibrahim and Sarah have Isaac.

Ismail and Isaac are both prophets named in the Qur'an and were half brothers.

Ishmael was the older brother and the Prophet Muhammad is an ancestor of Prophet Ismail.

According to the Qur'an and Muslim traditions, Ibrahim was told in a dream to sacrifice his son.

Whilst the Qur'an does not mention which son it is, Muslim traditions state this was Ismail.

Ibrahim was willing to do this, but he discussed it with his son who was also willing.

Ibrahim went to Mount Arafat outside of Makkah to perform the sacrifice, but Ismail was replaced by a ram, which is a male sheep, and that was sacrificed instead.

Ibrahim and Ismail's obedience to Allah had been tested and they had passed the test.

This is celebrated today by Muslims with Eid al-Adha.

Sometime after this, Ibrahim and Ismail built a place to worship Allah and Makkah, which is the site of the Ka'aba today.

Many Muslims believe that Adam had worshipped Allah on the same spot.

Some Muslims believed there'd already been a damaged ka'aba at this site and Ibrahim and Ismail were rebuilding it.

If they built it or rebuilt it, it's an important part of the story that after a time of polytheism and shirk with Ibrahim's people, this site was now dedicated to worshipping the one unified Allah.

Let's do a quick check then.

Which of these events in the story of Prophet Ibrahim came first? Ibrahim was willing to sacrifice his son.

Ibrahim being thrown in the fire, and Ibrahim rebuilding the ka'aba.

Which of those came first? Pause the video and have a go, and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well done, it was B, Ibrahim being thrown in the fire for challenging that polytheism in his society.

So let's do another practise task to see what we've learned.

This table shows how Adam and Ibrahim can be examples for Muslims to follow today.

For each point you're going to give an explanation.

So we've got a point here that Adam could be an example for Muslims to care for the earth.

You're going to explain it.

And secondly, Prophet Adam could be an example for Muslims to pray for strength against temptation with an explanation and you're going to explain that.

And then for Prophet Ibrahim could be an example for Muslims to trust in the will of Allah.

And secondly Prophet Ibrahim could be an example for Muslims to do what's right even if others do what's wrong.

So pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well done, some great work there.

So I asked you for each point given about how these prophets could be an example for Muslims to follow today to give an explanation.

So you could have written, Prophet Adam could be an example for Muslims to care for the earth because he was given the role of khalifah at the time the world was made.

Prophet Adam could be an example for Muslims to pray for strength against temptation because Satan tempted him into approaching the forbidden tree.

Prophet Ibrahim could be an example for Muslims to trust in the will of Allah as he did when he was willing to sacrifice his son, but Allah replaced him with a ram.

And Prophet Ibrahim could be an example for Muslims to do what is right even if others do what's wrong as Ibrahim did when his family were worshipping idols.

Well done.

So onto our third section then, the example of Musa, Dawud and Isa.

So Muslim beliefs about Prophet Musa then are, he struggled to speak but Allah used him to challenge an unjust ruler.

So Prophet Musa was used by Allah to challenge the Pharaoh who was keeping the Israelites as slaves.

But Prophet Musa felt unable to speak to begin with.

So some scholars believe he had a speech impediment, which meant he didn't feel confident speaking, but Allah used him to challenge an unjust ruler.

He helped free those Israelites from slavery by challenging the Pharaoh.

So after the Israelites were freed and living in their community, he was given the Torah and other commandments as guides for them to live by.

He's mentioned 136 times in the Qur'an.

In fact, he's the prophet that's mentioned the most in the Qur'an and Allah spoke directly with him.

So its said that rather than through an angel, it was directly from Allah that he spoke to Musa.

So whilst the 10 Commandments have been given, the first of these not to be to make idols, not to worship anyone else other than Allah, when the Israelites broke this command and Allah could have rightfully been angry and judged them for this, the Prophet Musa pleaded with Allah to forgive them and give them another chance.

So where can we understand Muslim ideas about Prophet Musa and the example he can be for Muslims today then? Well, we're going to look to the Qur'an.

And Mustafa, a Muslim, is explaining to us what this passage tells him about Prophet Musa.

And in Surah 7 it says, "Whenever a plague befell them, they would say, 'Oh Moses, pray to your Lord for us, according to the covenant he made with you.

If you lift the plague from us, we will believe in you and let the children of Israel go with you.

'" And Mustafa explains, "This reminds me that Moses helped to free the Israelites from slavery because Allah chose him.

He was nervous about speaking, but Allah spoke with him directly and he was able to lead." Thank you Mustafa.

So what about Prophet Dawud then? Well, Prophet Dawud defeated an enemy army when he was outnumbered.

He killed Jalut who's also known as Goliath with a slingshot and stone.

So the story is that there was a huge army up against David and he managed to kill Jalut who was a great fighter with a simple stone thrown against him and hitting him in the head.

He was a king and a prophet.

So after this event happened, he becomes the king of Israel and he's seen as both a king and a prophet, the only one in the Qur'an that has both of those titles.

And he's a wise and just ruler.

And he was a wise ruler of the Israelite people.

He's mentioned 16 times in the Qur'an and it's also said that he had a beautiful singing voice and he sang songs and poems to Allah and had the Psalms revealed to him, which was songs and poems to Allah.

And these revealed from Allah and they form one of the holy books for Muslims too.

So again, let's look to the Qur'an to understand the story of Prophet Dawud and why this is important as an example for Muslims today and in Surah 2 it says, "And when they confronted Goliath and his troops and they defeated them by God's leave, and David killed Goliath and God gave him sovereignty and wisdom and taught him as he willed." And Meyrem says, "This reminds me that Allah is all powerful and can use a single slingshot to win a battle.

Dawud is an example to me as a leader who was wise and submitted to Allah." Thank you, Meyrem.

Let's do a quick check.

Is this true or false? The Prophet Musa killed Jalut, Goliath, with a stone from a slingshot.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

That is false, isn't it? Because it was Prophet Dawud, not Prophet Musa that killed Jalut, Goliath, with a stone.

Musa helped to free the Israelites from slavery.

So what about Muslim beliefs about Prophet Isa, who's also known as Jesus and he is very significant person in the story of Christianity and in the Christian religion.

But there are some important differences and similarities as to how Muslims understand Isa and his role.

Well firstly, Prophet Isa's mother was called Maryam and she's actually mentioned 34 times in the Qur'an and she was visited by Jibril before she had Isa and she was told she was going to have a child miraculously as she was a virgin.

And so Isa's birth is seen as miraculous.

Isa once he was alive, performed miracles, but always with Allah's permission, not because he was God or he was divine, but he had permission from Allah to perform these miracles.

He once brought a bird back to life and brought a person back to life.

He is a prophet and not the son of God.

This is an important belief within Islam that all of these prophets are not part of God or not Gods themselves, but he is a prophet who was given this revelation from God.

He's mentioned 25 times in the Qur'an and Muslims belief he didn't die but ascended to heaven.

So whilst in Christianity it's quite an important belief that Jesus died on the cross and rose again, within Islam, there isn't that belief that he died so he did not die but ascended to heaven.

Muslims believe he foretold that Prophet Muhammad's going to come and Muslims believe that Isa will return in the Last Days to help defeat a false messiah.

So again, let's look to the Qur'an to understand the example of Isa for Muslims today.

We're going to look at a passage from Surah 19, which is actually called Maryam, which has the name of Isa's mother.

"She, Maryam, said, 'How can I have a son when no man has ever touched me, and I was never unchaste?' He said, 'Thus say your Lord, it's easy for me and we'll make him a sign for humanity, and a mercy from Us.

'" And Sarah explains, "This reminds me of the important role that women have in Islam as well as Allah's omnipotence to cause a virgin birth.

Isa is a very important prophet to me and a sign of Allah's beneficence." Thank you, Sarah.

So let's do a quick check then.

Outline three beliefs that Muslims have about Prophet Isa.

So if you had this question, which three sentences could you use to answer this? And remember when it's an outline question, we need to give a sentence rather than just a word.

So your options are, Isa was God on earth in human form.

Isa was born to a virgin, Maryam.

Isa will return during the Last Days, and Isa was not killed on the cross and ascended to heaven.

Which three of these could you use in this answer? Outline three beliefs that Muslims have about Prophet Isa.

Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, it was B, C, and D because A is a Christian belief about Jesus, not a Muslim belief about Isa.

Well done.

So let's do another practise task to see what we've learned then.

We've looked at Musa, Dawud and Isa as three examples of prophets and you are going to complete the table with what happened in their story and why is this an example to Muslims today.

Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

You were asked to write what happened to the story of Musa, Dawud and Isa, and then for each of them why it could be an example for Muslims today.

And your answer might look something like this.

Musa, what happened to his story? He was nervous but spoke to the Pharaoh of Egypt to help free the Israelites from slavery, was given the Torah, guided the Israelites.

This could be an example for Muslims today to trust Allah, even if they don't feel able to do something, follow the guidance of Allah and Allah is just and will help people in need.

Dawud was both a prophet and a king.

He was given the Psalms as songs and poems for Allah, defeated Jalut with a single stone.

Allah can use unlikely people to do great things.

Allah can be praised through songs and poems and being wise is important when ruling a nation.

And Isa was a messiah sent for the Israelites, born to a virgin mother, Maryam, performed miracles, did not die, but ascended to heaven.

And his example could be that Allah is omnipotent and perform miracles through prophets.

Women have a significant role in Islam and Muslims need to be prepared for the Last Days.

Well done.

So let's summarise everything we've learned today then about prophethood.

Muslims believe that Allah communicates with humans through revelations to prophets who are messengers.

A belief in prophethood is in the key beliefs of both Sunni and Shi'a Islam and known as risalah in the Sunni six articles of faith.

Adam was the first prophet and first man created by Allah and was given the role of khalifah to care for creation.

Ibrahim was a monotheist who rebuilt the ka'aba with his son.

Musa was used by Allah to help free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.

Dawud was both a prophet in a king.

Isa was born to the virgin, Maryam and will return in the Last Days.

So well done for your hard work today and I hope to see you again soon.

Bye-bye.