Hello, my name's Mrs. Rawbone and I'd like to welcome you to this RE lesson today on Christian Attitudes to Racial Prejudice.

In today's lesson, you will be able to explain some of the issues surrounding racism and explore Christian and other responses to them.

Keywords that we'll be using today are discrimination, equality, positive action, and racism.

Discrimination means actions that come from prejudice attitudes.

Equality is the belief that everyone is equal in value and worth.

Positive action is supporting underrepresented groups by encouraging applications from ethnic minority candidates in fields where they are underrepresented.

And racism is prejudice, discrimination or hostility directed at someone because of their race, ethnicity, or skin colour.

Today's lesson will take two parts.

We will be looking at understanding racism and responses to racism.

So let's get started on understanding racism.

Article two of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states.

"Everyone is entitled to all the declarations and freedom set forth in this declaration without any distinction of any kind.

This key principle is reflected in the 2010 Equality Act.

Under this act, race is a protected characteristic.

It is illegal therefore to treat someone unfairly because of their race in areas such as employment, education, housing, and access to goods and services.

Racism is prejudice, discrimination, or hostility directed at someone because of their race, ethnicity, or skin colour.

Racism is both individual and institutional.

It's about an imbalance of power.

Those with more power can turn prejudice into action through laws, media, policing, education and other institutions.

But those who lack power face limited representation, unequal access to opportunities, and frequent experiences of prejudice in their daily lives.

A YouGov survey in 2020 asked 5,146 British adults whether they thought the UK was a racist society.

And you can see on this chart that we have 8% saying it's very racist.

44% saying it's fairly racist, 36% saying not very racist, 6% not racist at all, and 7% who don't know.

So what percentage of those question viewed the UK as racist? Pause the video.

Take your time to look at the chart and at the percentages and then come back when you are ready to check.

So well done if you've got 52%, that's the figure that covers 44% and the 8% of people who thought the UK is very racist or fairly racist.

So what might influence people's views on whether the UK is racist? Because we can see here there's clearly a difference of opinion.

Take some time, turn and talk to someone nearby if you can, and then come back to the lesson when you are ready to move on.

There is a long history of racism, particularly as people of African, Caribbean, and South Asian heritage in the UK and other parts of the world.

This timeline shows how racism in the UK has developed over time, from the enslavement of people and empire to modern issues such as the Windrush scandal.

So back in the 17th to 19th centuries, the slave trade and empire entrenched ideas of white superiority.

In 1948, the Windrush generation arrived in the UK from the Caribbean.

In the 1950s to '60s, racism in housing and unemployment was widespread in the UK.

In 1963, the Bristol Bus Boycott challenged a local bus company's refusal to hire black or Asian workers.

In 1965 to 1976, race relations acts were passed banning discrimination in public places, in housing and employment.

In 1999, the Macpherson Report confirmed institutional racism in policing.

In the 2010s to '20s, the Windrush scandal reveals a mistreatment of Caribbean migrants and Black Lives Matter protests call out racial inequality.

Despite laws against discrimination, racism remains an issue in the UK as shown by the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement.

Here's an image from 2020 showing a protest in Hyde Park.

The global Black Lives Matter movement gained momentum in the UK after the murder of George Floyd by police in Minneapolis, USA in May 2020.

Protests took place in cities across the country, drawing attention to racism in policing, education, healthcare, and employment.

There are many reasons why racism exists both in individuals and across society.

They're social and cultural.

The society we live in can normalise racist ideas.

Psychological.

Racism can stem from unconscious bias and fear of difference.

Economic and political.

Racism can be caused by unfair access to jobs or housing, and by politicians blaming ethnic minorities.

Structural.

Systems in society can disadvantage certain groups.

So let's check your understanding.

Give one cause of racism.

Take a moment, pause the video, come back When you're ready to check your answer.

You could have said, unconscious bias, fear of difference, normalise racist ideas in society, politicians blaming ethnic minorities, unfair access to jobs or housing, systems that disadvantage certain groups.

So well done if you managed to put any of those examples.

The terms positive action and positive discrimination are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are not the same.

Positive action is legal.

While positive discrimination is not.

Positive action is supporting disadvantaged groups where underrepresentation exists.

For example, in 2018, the Metropolitan Police run workshops and outreach events to encourage more Black and Asian applicants.

Positive discrimination is choosing someone just because of their race, gender, or background.

An example of this was in 2019 when a white Royal Mail employee won a case after missing a promotion in favour of a less qualified Black colleague.

Aisha is talking to Warren about racism and positive action.

She says, "I don't see why people argue about positive action, doesn't it just make things fairer?" Warren says, "The problem is that some people think fairness is about treating everyone in exactly the same way." Aisha says, "So people disagree on whether fairness means equal treatment?" Warren responds, "Yes, and whether giving disadvantaged groups extra support is the right way to achieve equality or whether it is unfair." Here are two arguments for and two arguments against the use of positive action.

Arguments for.

It helps remove barriers faced by underrepresented groups and it improves representation by encouraging diversity in sectors where it's lacking.

So why might someone's experiences or background lead them to see positive action as fair and necessary? Pause the video.

If you're able to turn and talk to someone nearby, please do, or you can talk to me and then come back when you are ready to move on.

Arguments against.

So positive action may be seen as favouring some groups based on identity and not merit.

And it could lead to assumptions that candidates were chosen just to tick a box.

So what influences might lead someone to believe that treating everyone the same is the fairest approach? Take a moment to think about why someone might support those arguments against.

Pause the video, turn and talk to someone nearby if you can, and then come back when you're ready to move on.

Let's check your understanding.

What is the difference between positive action and positive discrimination? Take a moment to write down your answer, pause if you need to and then come back When you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said, "Positive action is legal and involves steps to support underrepresented groups without guaranteeing outcomes.

And positive discrimination is illegal and means choosing someone because of a protected characteristic even if they're less qualified." So well done, particularly if you remember that positive action is legal and that positive discrimination is not.

For Task A.

Understanding racism.

Aisha is explaining why she agrees with positive action and not positive discrimination.

Help her to explain why she thinks the argument in favour of positive action is strong and the argument in favour of positive discrimination is weak.

Aisha says, "The argument that positive action helps correct disadvantage and achieve equality is strong because some groups in society face.

For example.

The argument that positive discrimination is fair because it ensures underrepresented groups are given opportunities is weak because treating someone preferentially based on a protected characteristic.

For example." So take your time to look carefully at her paragraph and to flesh it out with some detail.

Pause the video while you do that and then come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said, "The argument that positive action helps correct disadvantage and achieve equality is strong because some groups in society face barriers that others don't.

For example, encouraging more Black candidates to apply for teaching roles can help address underrepresentation.

The argument that positive discrimination is fair because it ensures underrepresented groups are given opportunities is weak because treating someone preferentially based on a protected characteristic is still a form of discrimination.

For example, if a more qualified candidate is rejected in favour of someone chosen solely because of their race, it unfairly discriminates against them." So well done if you managed to explain why one of those arguments was strong and the other was weak.

Of course, you may not necessarily agree, but this is the example that we've used today.

For the second part of our lesson, we're going to be looking at responses to racism.

Many worldviews have existed in contexts that have allowed complicity in racism and discrimination.

More recent interpretations of their core principles have inspired resistance to injustice and calls for equality.

From the late 1700s to early 1800s, you had growing awareness of issues surrounding racism with abolition movements starting in the late 1700s.

In the 1800s to mid 1900s, you had some diverse responses.

Anti-racist activism was growing, but also so was colonialism.

In the mid 1900s, you had some modern rejection of racism with civil rights legislation in the 1960s.

And in the late 1900s to present, you had ongoing debate over whether positive action, for example, is right and over systemic racism.

Secular humanism developed during a time when enslavement of people and colonialism were widespread, and some early thinkers lived in societies that were shaped by the system.

However, over time, secular humanism became a powerful force opposing racism and promoting equality.

Alan is a humanist and he says, "As a humanist, I believe in equal rights for all races based on reason and our shared humanity.

I'm inspired by Humanist UK's "Challenging Racism" campaign, and I support efforts like Black Lives Matter to promote equality and fight discrimination.

Their work motivates me to stand against injustice and treat everyone with fairness." Christian attitudes to racism are informed by different sources of authority including, the Bible, Church teachings, the example of other Christians, Christian ethical theories such as Natural Law and situation ethics, their conscience and ability to reason.

And Christians may interpret these sources differently or emphasise one more than another.

There is little disagreement among Christians today that racism is wrong and incompatible with their faith.

However, historically Christianity has been used to justify racism.

"Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear," comes from Ephesians 6:5.

This was a verse widely quoted by masters of enslaved people.

"Curse be Canaan, the lowest of slaves will he be to his brothers." Some Christians falsely claimed this verse justified the enslavement of Black Africans, wrongly linking Ham, the father of Canaan, to Africa.

To support the enslavement of people, British missionaries created a heavily edited Bible in 1807 for use in the Caribbean.

The "Slave Bible" removed 90% of the New Testament and 50% of the Old Testament.

Examples of passages that were removed were things like, Exodus 3:7-1o, where God tells Moses to lead the Israelites out of slavery.

And this was removed because it speaks of God freeing people from oppression.

Galatians 3:28, "There is neither Jew nor Gentile.

You are all one in Christ." Emphasises equality before God.

This was also removed.

Deuteronomy 23:15, "Do not return a slave to their master." It promotes protection for escaping enslaved people and was therefore also removed.

This timeline shows how Christianity has been linked to the enslavement of people, colonialism and racial segregation.

In 1711, the Church of England invest in the South Sea Company, which transported in enslaved people.

In the 1700s to 1800s, there were many Anglican.

In the 1700s to 1800s, there were many Anglican clergy who owned enslaved people in the Caribbean.

In 1807, Britain abolished the transatlantic slave trade but Anglican missionaries also published the "Slave Bible." In 1845, the Southern Baptist Convention formed to support the ownership of enslaved people.

In the late 1800s, missionary society spread Christianity alongside the British empire reinforcing colonial rule.

In the 1900s segregated church worship was common in the United States.

And in 2006, the Church of England issues a formal apology for their role in enslavement of people.

Let's check your understanding.

What was the purpose of the "Slave Bible," created by British missionaries in 1807? A, to encourage enslaved people to rebel.

B, to remove messages of equality and freedom.

C, to convert enslavers to Christianity.

Or D, to include the entire Bible in one short volume.

Take a moment, pause if you need to, and then come back when you are ready to check your answer.

So well done if you chose B, it was indeed written to remove those messages of equality and freedom that can be found in the Bible.

The Bible is a source of wisdom and authority to Christians when thinking about issues surrounding racism.

Ji-eun is a Methodist minister, and she's explaining how she understands the teaching.

"So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them.

Male and female he created them." Ji-eun says, "This verse reminds us that every person reflects the image of God regardless of their race, gender, or background.

When racist speech is tolerated or when people oppose positive action, they deny the God-given dignity of others." Tamara is a Quaker, and she's explaining how she understands the teaching.

"There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." Galatians 3:28.

Tamara says, "This verse is radical because it calls Christians to break down barriers that divide us.

This reminds us that unity in Christ doesn't mean ignoring injustice, it means confronting it." Fergus is an Anglican, and he's explaining how he understands the Parable of the Good Samaritan.

"A Jewish man is attacked and left injured.

After fellow Jews pass by, he's helped by Samaritan, a member of a different racial group with longstanding hostility towards Jews.

Jesus tells his listeners, 'Go and do likewise.

'" And this whole parable can be found in Luke 10:25-37.

Fergus says, "Jesus chose a Samaritan, a member of a despised ethnic group as the hero of this story.

It's not enough to say we are not racist.

Christians should be anti-racist and speak out against racism." Give one Bible teaching that a Christian might use to support anti-racism.

So take a moment, pause if you need to, think back over those Bible teachings that we've just been looking at, come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said any one of the following.

"There is neither Jew nor Gentile, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." Galatians 3:28.

The Parable of the Good Samaritan, Luke 10:25-37, or God created mankind in his own image.

Genesis 1:27.

So well done if you managed to select one of those teachings.

Some Christians have used their faith to support anti-racism.

William Wilberforce was a committed Christian who believed that all people are created equal in the eyes of God.

It was his faith that led him to campaign to abolish the transatlantic slave trade, and he saw this as a grave injustice.

He worked tirelessly in parliament for many years using his position to defend human dignity and promote freedom for enslaved peoples.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Was a Baptist minister whose Christian faith was at the heart of his fight against racism in the United States.

Martin Luther King was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia.

He grew up in the segregated southern United States.

Black Americans faced unfair treatment, was seen as second class citizens and denied their basic rights.

King experienced this injustice and wanted to change it.

Instead of responding with hatred or violence, he turned his Christian beliefs for strength.

King believed that all people are made in God's image as it says in Genesis 1:27.

He also followed Jesus' command to love your neighbour as yourself, Mark 12:31.

This meant standing up for justice even when it was hard or dangerous.

Inspired by Christian teachings and the nonviolent ideas of Mahatma Gandhi, King chose peaceful resistance.

He became well-known in 1955 when he led the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

This started after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person.

The boycott lasted 381 days and ended segregation on Montgomery's buses.

Over the next 10 years, King organised marches, sit-ins and boycotts.

He faced arrests, threats and violence, but stayed committed to non-violence and love.

In 1963, King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington.

He spoke of a future where people would be judged by their character, not their skin colour.

In the speech he quoted the Prophet Amos, "Let justice roll on like a river." Amos 5:24.

His faith gave him courage to speak out against hatred and hope that change was both possible and part of God's plan.

King's leadership helped pass important civil rights, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Sadly, he was assassinated in 1968, but his work continues to inspire people fighting for justice around the world.

Martin Luther King Jr stressed the importance of anti-racism, a message he clearly expressed in his 1968 sermon, "The Drum Major Instinct." He said, "In the end, we will remember not the words our enemies, but the silence of our friends." Someone's action or lack of action has a lasting impact, according to King.

He says in the end.

He talks about the fact that we will not remember words.

Speech alone is not as damaging as the absence of action.

We expect our enemies to be hostile towards us.

Instead, our greatest disappointment will be when our friends are silent, when they do not act to support us." True or false? Martin Luther King Jr believed the harm caused by inaction from friends is more painful than the hatred shown by enemies.

Take a moment, pause the video if you need to, decide on your answer, but also have a think about why.

Come back when you're ready to move on.

So well done if you put that as true.

But why is it true? Well, it's true because King taught that when those who are expected to stand with you do nothing, it causes greater hurt than open hostility.

For part one of our task, we're going to describe Martin Luther King's teaching on equality.

So the guidance to follow is to use point develop, point develop, but for each part of your answer to include a range of religious specialist terms, and for at least one part of your answer, use a source of wisdom on authority.

This could be an exact or paraphrase, quotation or a general teaching from a named source.

You should accurately apply this to the point and to the question.

So take your time to write those two paragraphs and at least with one of them, to link it to a source of wisdom and authority.

Pause the video and come back when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said that, "Martin Luther King Jr.

thought that remaining silent in the face of racism allows injustice to continue.

He believed that failing to act against racism causes lasting harm and that people have a duty to oppose discrimination actively.

True equality, King argued, is based on the belief that every human being has inherent dignity.

This means racism is wrong because it denies that people have equal value.

Genesis 1:27 says, all humans are made in the image of God.

This means that all people reflect God's nature and have equal value.

Racism denies this essential equality.

So we can see the use of a source of wisdom and authority with Genesis 1:27.

And that it has been applied to the question in that final sentence, Racism denies this essential equality.

So well done, if you manage to make those two points to develop and to include a source of authority.

For part two of our task, you're going to explain from either two religions or two religious traditions, beliefs about racial discrimination.

For each point, complete the box describing the source of authority or explaining its importance.

So the first point, one Christian belief is that all human beings are equally valuable, and it's been developed for you.

This means that treating people unfairly because of their race is wrong.

The source of authority is.

This is supported by Genesis 1:27, which says humans are made in God's image.

And the bit that you are going to complete is a note on the importance of this.

As a result of this, Christians.

For our second point, we have another Christian belief is that we have a duty to show love and respect to everyone.

The development is, this means they must actively reject racist behaviour and attitudes.

Now the bit you're going to work on is the source of authority.

The Parable of the Good Samaritan in Luke 10:25-37 shows that, and the importance has been done for you.

This story motivates Christians to act with compassion and challenge racism.

So pause the video, take your time to reread the points and the development, and then look carefully at which source of authority you are going to be explaining? Or how you are going to be stressing the importance of that source.

Come back to the lesson when you're ready to see what you could have written.

You could have said for the first one, "The source of authority, Genesis 1:27, which those humans are made in God's image that as a result of this, Christians oppose racism and promote equality.

And with the second point, the Parable of the Good Samaritan in Luke 10:25-37 shows that love crosses racial and social divides.

And the importance of that was that this story motivates Christians to act with compassion and challenge racism.

So well done if you managed to explain the importance of that Genesis 127 quotation? And if you managed to develop the significance of the Parable of the Good Samaritan in Luke 10:25-37 for our point about the belief that Christians should have a duty to show love and respect to everyone.

In today's lesson, we have learned a lot.

We've learned that racism can be individual or systemic.

That it has many causes and continues despite legal protection.

The ongoing debates include whether positive action is fair, that humanism promotes equal respect and rights for all races, grounded in reason and opposes racism.

That Christianity has been linked to the enslavement of people, colonialism and segregation.

And historically, some Christians use Bible verses to justify the enslavement of people and racial discrimination.

Today, many Christians interpret the Bible as promoting equality and challenge racism, and Martin Luther King Jr.

Used his Christian faith to actively oppose racism.

So well done for working with me on this lesson and for all of the effort that you have put in.