Lesson video

Hello, my name is Miss Willow, and I'm so excited to be teaching you today's lesson.

Today's lesson is called "Preventing the spread of disease," and it fits into the unit Staying safe and healthy: how do I avoid getting ill? I'm really looking forward to teaching you today, so let's make a start.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how diseases are passed on and how to prevent their spread.

Before we get started, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone feels safe and comfortable throughout today's lesson.

Laura says that we need to listen to others.

This means that we need to not interrupt other people if they're speaking.

Andeep says we need to respect each other's privacy.

This means we're not going to ask anyone any personal questions as this can make some people feel uncomfortable.

Jacob says we need to not have any judgement.

This means that if someone chooses to share a story or an experience, we are not going to judge them for it.

And Izzy says that we can choose our level of participation.

This means that it's up to us how much we want to join in.

We're now going to go through the keywords for today's lesson.

These are going to pop up multiple times throughout the lesson, so it's important that we have a good understanding of what each word means.

Germs, these are tiny living things that can make us ill.

Disease, this is when germs get inside your body and they can make you feel sick.

Airborne, this is when something travels through the air.

And finally, vaccine.

This is a medicine that could prevent some diseases and serious illnesses.

As we go through today's lesson, keep an eye out for these keywords, and when you spot them, see if you can remember what they mean.

Today's lesson is split into three learning cycles.

Our first learning cycle is called What is a germ? The second learning cycle is called How can we stop diseases from spreading? And finally, our last learning cycle is called Why should we get vaccinated? Let's make a start on our first learning cycle, What is a germ? Germs are tiny living things that can be found in lots of different places.

They can be found on animals and people, in dirt and on plants, and on surfaces and objects.

Germs can also live on or inside our bodies.

If germs get inside our body, this can cause disease.

When we talk about germs, this includes types of germs called bacteria and viruses.

You might have heard these terms before, and these are types of germs. If a germ gets inside our body, it can produce substances called toxins.

Toxins can cause us to develop a fever, a stuffed up or runny nose, or tummy issues such as vomiting.

When we get symptoms of a disease, this is often because of the toxins produced by the germs that have gotten into our body.

Germs are extremely small and can only be seen with a microscope.

Even if our hands look clean, they could still be covered in germs. Only soap or hand sanitizer can kill germs. Izzy says, "I wash my hands after I've used the toilet, before eating, and if I've been outside, so that it kills any germs." Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing with this learning cycle.

Is Alex correct? Alex says, "If my hands don't have any dirt on them, this means that they must be clean." What do you think? Is Alex correct or incorrect? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, tell me, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that he's incorrect, but why? Well done if you said that germs are so small that we can't see them unless we use a microscope.

Our hands could still be covered in germs even if they look clean.

Some germs are what we call airborne.

This means that they can hang around in the air, for example, if someone's coughed or sneezed.

If someone doesn't cover their mouth and nose when they cough or sneeze, the germs can spread into the air and be breathed in by others.

This can make other people unwell.

This means that some diseases are spread by coughs and sneezes.

Some diseases can also enter our body through our mouths and our eyes.

This can be through droplets, for example, from someone's cough or sneeze, food that's unsafe to eat, for example, raw meat or expired food, and touching a person or surface that has disease-causing germs and then touching your mouth or your eyes.

We can't see germs without using a microscope, but to help us understand how germs can get into our body, we can imagine something like this.

We touch germs on a surface and then we rub our eye, allowing germs to enter our body and this could make us unwell.

Let's do another check for understanding.

This time I'd like you to decide if this statement is true or false.

We can only get sick if we touch someone who's ill.

What do you think? Is this true or false? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, tell me, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is false, but why? You might have said that we can also get ill if airborne germs get into our body, for example, if someone has sneezed or coughed, and we've breathed in these germs. We can also get ill if we touch something with germs on and then touch our eyes or our mouth, or if we eat unsafe food like raw meat or expired food.

Well done if you said this or something similar.

We are now going to put your learning from this learning cycle into practise and you can show the fantastic learning you've done so far.

For this task, I'd like you to correct the statements below so that they each state a correct fact about germs. Statement number one says, only humans carry germs. Number two says, germs produce toxins which make us feel strong and healthy.

Number three says, germs can't survive in the air.

And finally, number four, we can only get sick if we breathe in germs from someone else's sneeze or cough.

Can you correct each of these statements so that they each say something true about germs? Pause the video, and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

For number one, you might have said that humans, animals, plants, objects, and surfaces can all carry germs. For number two, you might have said that germs produce toxins which can make us feel unwell.

For example, we might have a runny nose or an upset tummy.

Number three, some germs are airborne, meaning they can hang around in the air.

And finally, number four, we can get sick if we breathe in germs from someone else's sneeze or cough or if we touch a surface which has germs on and then touch our mouth or eyes.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

Okay, we are now going to move on to our second learning cycle, How can we stop diseases from spreading? One way that we can stop diseases from spreading is by coughing or sneezing into a tissue.

If we think that we're going to cough or sneeze, it's important to hold a tissue to our nose and mouth.

We can then put this tissue in the bin and then we can wash our hands.

If we cough or sneeze into a tissue, put the tissue in the bin and then wash our hands, we are reducing the number of airborne germs in the air which could make others ill.

Remember that airborne germs are germs that can hang around in the air.

We can also wear a face mask that covers our mouth and nose to stop the spread of disease.

When we wear a face mask, we are reducing the number of airborne germs that we're adding to the air and we're also reducing the number of airborne germs that we're breathing in.

This makes us and others less likely to get ill.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing with this learning cycle.

To reduce the spread of disease, what should Jun do next? Jun says, "I think I'm going to sneeze." What should he do to reduce the spread of disease? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, tell me, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that Jun should sneeze into a tissue, put the tissue in the bin, and then wash his hands with soap and water.

This will help to reduce the number of airborne germs in the air and it will help Jun and everyone around him to stay healthy.

Well done if you got this right.

You're doing a brilliant job so far.

Another way that we can stop disease from spreading is by staying home when we're ill.

When we're ill, we often need to rest so that we get better.

Dr.

Elsie says that if we go out and about when we're ill, it might take us longer to get better and we can spread disease too.

It's important to tell a trusted adult if we feel unwell so that they can help.

If we are unwell, it's important to do what we can to get better and stop ourselves from spreading disease to others.

Getting better might involve staying home and getting plenty of sleep, drinking lots of water, and eating healthy foods.

This gives our body the best chance to get better.

And we can also speak to a medical professional like a pharmacist or a doctor.

We can also take medication with the help of a trusted adult as this can help to reduce the symptoms that we have and help us to feel better quicker.

Let's do a check for understanding.

This time I'd like you to answer the question, how can we prevent spreading disease to other people? Is it A, going out if we're ill; B, sneezing into a tissue; or C, wearing a face mask? Can you tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself, how can we prevent spreading disease to other people? It is not correct that we can prevent spreading disease to other people by going out if we're ill.

And Aisha wants to know what should we do instead? Can you tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself? Well done if you said that instead of going out if we're ill, we should stay home if we're ill.

This helps prevent the spread of disease to other people.

Well done if you got this right.

We are now moving on to your second practise task, and you're doing a brilliant job so far.

Keep it up.

For the first part of this task, I'd like you to describe how these items can stop diseases from spreading.

In one photo we have a tissue, and in the other photo we have a face mask.

Can you describe how both these items can stop diseases from spreading? Pause the video, and we'll go through the answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

You might have said that a tissue can be used to cover a cough or a sneeze, and this reduces the number of airborne germs that go into the air.

You might have said that face masks reduce the number of airborne germs that go into the air and they also reduce the number of airborne germs that someone could breathe in.

Well done if you got this right.

For the second part of this task, I'd like you to tell your learning partner why Sam should not go to the party.

Sam says, "It's my best friend's birthday party today, but I've woken up with a bad cough and I keep sneezing.

I feel really tired and my throat hurts too.

I really want to go to the party and see all my friends, but I feel really poorly." Can you tell your learning partner why Sam shouldn't go to the party? Pause the video, and we'll see what you might have said in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

You might have said that Sam shouldn't go to the party because she isn't very well.

Because she's coughing and sneezing, she could easily spread the disease to others through airborne germs going into the air.

Well done if you said this or something similar.

We're now going to move on to our final learning cycle.

Well done for your fantastic hard work so far and keep it up for this last learning cycle.

This last learning cycle is called Why should we get vaccinated? There are lots of things that we might do day to day that make us less likely to become ill.

We might have good hygiene by washing our hands and the rest of our body regularly.

We can have a healthy diet by eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, and we can exercise regularly.

We can also make sure that we get plenty of sleep.

Vaccines can also prevent some diseases and serious illnesses.

Some illnesses are extremely serious and they can be life-threatening.

Dr.

Elsie says that vaccines are a safe and effective way to prevent certain illnesses and to keep us healthy.

They're important for not only keeping us healthy, but also for preventing serious illnesses to others.

Vaccines usually involve an injection or a nasal spray that helps our body to learn how to fight off an illness or disease if we were to get it.

This means that if we do come into contact with the illness or disease, for example, if we breathe in the germs, our body is able to fight it off quicker and we are less likely to become unwell.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing with this learning cycle so far.

I'd like you to decide if this statement is true or false.

Vaccines can prevent some diseases and serious illnesses.

What do you think? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, tell me, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is true.

It is true that vaccines can prevent some diseases and serious illnesses.

Well done if you got this right.

Vaccines are important because they can help to get rid of some extremely serious illnesses.

Dr.

Elsie says that if lots of people get a vaccine for a particular illness, very few people will get it and spread it to others.

Some serious illnesses such as smallpox have stopped existing over time because of vaccines.

Some people aren't able to get certain vaccines.

This could be because they're pregnant, they have an allergy to something in the vaccine, or they have a serious illness that means that getting the vaccine could cause them harm.

When we get a vaccine, we're helping to protect vulnerable people who can't have the vaccine from becoming unwell.

Before a vaccine is given to people, it has to go through lots of tests to make sure that it's safe.

Sometimes people can spread lies about vaccines.

Dr.

Elsie says that we should only get our health advice from trusted organisations like the NHS.

Vaccines are really important for keeping ourselves and others healthy.

Let's do another check for understanding.

For this question, I'd like you to decide why are vaccines important? Is it A, because they help to prevent certain illnesses; B, because they help to increase the spread of disease; or C, because they help to protect others from certain illnesses? What do you think? Why are vaccines important? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, tell me, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that A and C are correct.

Vaccines are important because they help to prevent certain illnesses and they also help to protect others from certain illnesses.

Well done if you got this right.

We are now moving on to your final practise task.

For this task, I'd like you to explain three reasons why it's important for Andeep to get a vaccine.

Andeep says, "I don't think I'll get a vaccine because they're not safe." Can you tell Andeep three reasons that he should get a vaccine? Pause the video, and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Let's see what you might have said.

You might have said that Andeep should get a vaccine because it can prevent him from getting certain illnesses.

It can help to protect others from becoming unwell.

It helps to protect vulnerable people who can't have a vaccine so that they're less likely to become unwell.

Vaccines are safe as they have to go through lots of tests before people are given them.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

We're now going to summarise the key learning from today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we've learned that germs are tiny living things that can cause disease if they enter our body.

Some diseases are spread through airborne germs that are released into the air if someone coughs or sneezes without covering their mouth and nose with a tissue.

This is why it's important to sneeze or cough into a tissue.

Some diseases can enter our body through our mouth and our eyes, which is why wearing a face mask can reduce the spread of airborne diseases.

And finally, we've learned that vaccines are very important for preventing illness.

They help us to stay healthy and keep others healthy too.

Well done for your fantastic hard work in today's lesson.

You've done a brilliant job, and I hope to see you in another lesson soon.