Lesson video

Hello, my name is Miss Willow and I'm going to be guiding you through today's learning.

Today's lesson is called "How we change during puberty" and it fits into our unit called "Puberty: How will my body change as I grow up?" In today's lesson, we're going to be talking about certain parts of the body, so for this lesson we ask that you have an adult with you in case you have any questions or in case you need any support.

If at any point you do become uncomfortable or upset, it's really important that you close the screen and that you go and speak to a trusted adult.

Okay, let's move on to today's learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to describe the changes that people go through during puberty and you'll be able to explain the correct scientific names for genitals.

Before we get started, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone feels safe and comfortable throughout today's lesson.

Laura says that we need to listen to others, so that means we're not going to interrupt other people when they're speaking.

Andeep says that we need to respect each other's privacy, and that means we're not going to ask anyone any personal questions, as that can make people feel uncomfortable.

Jacob says we need to not have any judgement.

That means we're not going to judge other people for how they feel, what they say, or what they've experienced.

Anna Izzy says that we can choose our level of participation.

That means it's up to us how much we want to join in.

Before we make a start on today's lesson, we need to go through some keywords from today's lesson.

They're going to pop up quite a few times throughout the lesson, so it's really important that we have a good understanding of each one.

First of all, puberty is the time when a child's body starts to change and grow into an adult body.

Emotional means relating to your feelings and your thoughts.

Physical means relating to your body.

And genitals are the body parts that help with reproduction and other bodily functions.

They're really important for health, are private, and are different for different bodies.

Now let's have a look at today's lesson outline.

First of all, we're going to answer the question, when does puberty happen? Then we're going to talk about, what physical changes happen during puberty? Then we're going to talk about, what emotional changes happen during puberty? And finally we're going to look at, what are the parts of our genitals called? First of all, let's have a look at our first learning cycle.

When does puberty happen? As we get older, it is normal for our bodies and our lives to change.

For example, our height can change as we get older.

What we enjoy doing can also change as we get older.

And our friends, this can also change as we get older, as we meet different people.

Sofia wants to ask you a question.

"What are some ways that you've changed as you've grown up?" And Andeep asks, "What are some ways that you've stayed the same?" You might want to pause the video, have a think, tell the person next to you or tell me.

How have you changed and how have you stayed the same as you've grown up? Okay, puberty is the process of our body changing as we get older and closer to adulthood.

We go through both emotional and physical changes during puberty, and this means that both our bodies and our emotions can change.

Izzy tells us that once we go through puberty and become an adult, we are able to reproduce, which means have a baby, if we want to.

Puberty happens over a really long period of time.

Some changes are really not very noticeable as they happen quite gradually.

You might not notice them day to day.

And Lucas tells us that everyone experiences puberty differently and there is no normal way to experience puberty, as everyone's different.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're getting on so far.

True or false, only your body changes during puberty? Pause the video and have a think.

Tell the person next to you or tell me.

Is this true or is this false? Well done if you said false, but why? Why is this statement incorrect? Let's see what I put and you can see if you got something similar.

Both our body and our emotions change during puberty.

So the person who thinks this is incorrect because they said that only your body changes during puberty.

In reality, our emotions and how we feel change as well.

Everyone starts puberty at a different time.

Female puberty usually starts between 8 and 14 years old.

Most females will start puberty at around 11, but it is normal for puberty to start a little bit earlier or a little bit later than this.

Male puberty starts differently for everyone too.

It is typical for male puberty to start anywhere between 9 and 14.

Most males will start puberty at around 12, but it is normal to start a little bit earlier or a little bit later than this.

Remember that everyone is different and everyone experiences puberty slightly differently.

Puberty usually lasts until around 17 or 18 years old.

So as we said earlier, it takes a really long time to go through the whole process of puberty.

Starting to go through puberty doesn't mean that you've already become an adult.

It just means that your body's preparing itself for adulthood in the future.

And Izzy reminds us that you don't become an adult until you are 18.

Which of these statements about puberty are true? A, once you start puberty, you're an adult.

B, everyone experiences puberty differently.

C, puberty usually finishes by the age of 13.

Or D, most people start puberty around the age of 11 to 12.

So pause the video, have a think, tell the person next to you or tell me, which of these statements about puberty are true? Remember, there might be more than one answer.

Well done if you said B and D.

It is true that everyone experiences puberty differently, and it is true that most people start puberty around the age of 11 to 12.

The other statements are incorrect because you don't become an adult until you turn 18, and puberty usually finishes by the age of 17 or 18.

So that means that it doesn't finish by the age of 13, it takes a really long time for puberty to finish.

You're now going to put your learning from this learning cycle into practise.

Each Oak character is saying an incorrect statement, so what they're saying isn't true.

I would like you to correct their incorrect statements about puberty with what you have already learned in this learning cycle.

So Sam says, "Male and female puberty always starts at the same time." Jacob says that "everyone experiences puberty in the same way." And Jun says that "puberty is when your body quickly changes into an adult." I would like you to correct these incorrect statements about puberty.

Off you go.

Okay, let's see what I put and you can see if you got something similar.

So your corrected statements about puberty could include Sam saying that male puberty usually starts at around 12.

Female puberty usually starts at around 11.

Jacob could now say that everyone experiences puberty differently.

And Jun could say that puberty is the gradual process of when your body and your emotions change in preparation for becoming an adult.

Well done if you got that right.

Now we're going to move on to our second learning cycle.

I'm really impressed with how focused you've been so far, so keep it up.

What physical changes happen during puberty? There are many physical changes that happen to both males and females during puberty.

For example, both males and females get taller during puberty.

They also both develop body hair.

And they both develop an increased body odour, so this is their body producing different smells.

During puberty, females will also develop breasts, and some males may also develop breast tissue which usually goes away over time.

Breasts are able to produce milk if that person gets pregnant, and it is really normal for someone's breasts to be different sizes as they develop, so one might be slightly bigger than the other.

Everyone's breasts are different shapes and sizes, even when puberty's finished.

Females will also start to have periods, and this is where a small amount of blood comes out from a female's vagina.

The vagina is part of a female's genitals.

It's on the inside of the body.

Let's do another check for understanding to see how you're getting on.

Which physical changes typically happen during only female puberty? Is it A, starting periods; B, getting taller; C, developing breasts; or D, developing body hair? So which physical changes typically happen only to females during puberty? Pause the video and have a think.

You might want to tell the person next to you or tell me.

Well done if you said A and C.

Typically, only females start periods and will develop breasts.

But remember that it is typical for some males to develop breast tissue, but this normally goes away over time.

For males, their voice will get significantly deeper.

Female voices will also deepen, but it's not as noticeable as in males.

Male genitals will also get larger.

So when we say male genitals, this is referring to their penis and their testicles.

During puberty, our sleep patterns can also change.

Everyone has a circadian rhythm which controls when our body wants to go to sleep and wake up.

When we start to go through puberty, this rhythm can change so that we prefer going to bed and waking up slightly later.

Jacob reminds us that it's really important to get plenty of sleep in order to stay healthy during puberty.

Which scientific words describe the male genitals? Can you remember? Is it A, penis; B, vagina; or C, testicles? Pause the video and have a think.

Well done if you said A and C.

Penis and testicles are part of the male genitals.

Now let's do a true or false.

Is it true or false that teenagers stay up and wake up late because they are lazy? Tell the person next to you, have a think, or tell me.

Well done if you said false, but why? Let's have a look at see what I put and you can see if you've got something similar.

So during puberty, the circadian rhythm changes, which means that some teenagers naturally prefer to stay up and wake up later.

Well done if you got that one right.

Let's put the learning from this learning cycle into practise.

I'm really proud of how well you're doing so far, so keep it up.

Add the physical changes that happen during puberty to the correct area of the diagram.

So we've got start periods, develop body hair, larger penis and testicles, develop breasts, develop body odour, get taller, and voice deepens.

Have a think at what changes happen to males, females, or everyone.

Off you go.

Let's have a look and see what I put and you can see if you've got something similar.

So your diagram should look like this.

In the male circle you should have larger penis and testicles.

In the female circle you should have start periods and develop breasts.

But for everyone, everyone develops body odour, everyone's voice deepens, everyone develops body hair, and everyone gets taller, so their height increases.

Well done if you got that right.

We're now going to move on to our third learning cycle.

What emotional changes happen during puberty? As well as going through the physical changes during puberty, which we talked about in the second learning cycle, we also go through emotional changes.

So this is usually because of hormones in our body, which can change how we feel.

This is called our mood and how we feel.

This is really usual and typical and everyone experiences the emotional changes differently.

So Sam says that she feels more tired than usual.

Jun says that sometimes he feels sad.

Laura says that she gets angry more often.

And Andeep says that one minute he's happy and the next he feels upset.

These are really normal experiences of puberty and everyone will experience it differently.

There are lots of different ways that you can manage how you feel.

So you could talk about how you feel with someone you trust, maybe a trusted adult or a friend.

You could do something that you enjoy.

So your hobbies and your interests, that can really boost your mood.

And you can write or draw your feelings.

Being creative can also help manage how we feel.

Looking after our body can also help us to manage our mood.

So by looking after our physical health, this can have a really positive impact on how we feel.

It's really important to eat healthily and also do some exercise.

And it's really important to get enough sleep.

By looking after our body, this can help us manage our mood.

What are some healthy ways that we can manage our mood during puberty? Can you remember? A, talk to a friend or a trusted adult.

B, exercise and eat healthily.

C, ignore how we feel.

Which of those are healthy ways that we can manage our mood during puberty? Have a think back and have a think about what we've learned already in this learning cycle.

Well done if you said A and B.

Some healthy ways that we can manage how we feel is by talking to a friend or trusted adult.

You might want to think about who you would turn to if you wanted to talk about your feelings.

Who are your trusted adults? And also exercise and eat healthily.

Those are some healthy ways of managing our mood.

It would be unhealthy to ignore how we feel as it's really important to get support if we're struggling with our mood, especially during puberty.

As we get older, we might also have more independence, and this means that we might have more freedom to do what we want to do, and this can include taking some more risks.

Alex says that being more independent can be a really great part of growing up, but it's also really important to stay safe and be responsible too.

We can be more responsible by looking after our belongings, making sure that our adults at home always know where we are as this can help to keep us safe, and we always need to make sure that we're looking out for our friends and be aware of any dangers in our surroundings.

These can all help us to be more responsible as we grow up.

Let's do another true or false.

Is it true or false that having more independence means we can worry less about safety and keeping ourselves safe? What do you think, is this true or is this false? Well done if you said false, but why? Having more independence can be that we take more risks, therefore it's even more important to be careful about safety and keeping ourselves safe.

Well done if you got that right, you're doing really well.

Puberty can also involve starting to notice people becoming more attractive.

So we might start to notice the way people look in a way that we didn't before and we might start to think about relationships.

Izzy tells us that it's common to have these feelings or to not have them at all.

Remember that everyone experiences puberty differently.

Sam says that you might think about going on dates with another person or you might think about some physical things like kissing and holding hands.

Alex says that it's really normal to have these feelings, but it's up to you whether you act on them or not.

It's really important that other people respect your boundaries and that you respect the boundaries of other people.

That means we're not going to be making people uncomfortable, especially if they say no.

If you are worried about relationships or how you feel about relationships, you could write or draw how you feel.

You could remind yourself that how you feel is normal and lots of people will be going through the exact same thing as you.

You can also talk to a trusted adult.

Can you remember who you thought of before about who your trusted adults are? And you could also spend your time with your friends and do things you enjoy because friendships are really important to our general wellbeing and they can really boost our mood too.

Okay, let's do another true or false.

During puberty, it is really normal to want to be in a romantic relationship with somebody.

Is this true or is this false? What do you think? Well done if you said true, but why is this true? Why is this a normal experience? Puberty is a normal time to think about relationships and to start to find people attractive, so that means you might notice how people look more.

Not everyone will have these feelings, though, because everyone goes through puberty differently.

We're now going to put your learning from this learning cycle into practise.

I would like you to give one piece of advice to each person on how they can manage how they're feeling.

So Jun says that he feels sad more often than he used to.

Aisha says that she wants to go out to different places with her new friends.

And Sam says that she feels embarrassed about finding somebody else attractive.

What advice would you give each Oak character? Off you go.

Okay, there are lots of different answers to this one, so let's have a look and see what you might have got.

So for each character you might have said that Jun could talk to a trusted adult or a friend.

He could do something that he enjoys.

He could look after his body by eating healthily and exercising.

Aisha could make sure that her trusted adults know where she is, so this might be her adults at home.

She could look out for any dangers, especially when she's out and about, and she could look out for her friends and make sure that they're also making healthy and safe choices.

Sam could remember that how she feels is usual, so it's normal for many people to experience the same thing as her.

She could talk to a trusted adult about how she feels to get some support.

She could write or draw how she feels 'cause being creative can really help our wellbeing.

And she could do things that she enjoys and spend time with her friends.

Remember that friendships are really important too.

Now let's move on to our final learning cycle.

You've done amazingly so far, so keep it up.

Let's learn all about, what are the parts of our genitals called? Andeep says that it's important to know the scientific names for our genitals.

Aisha tells us that this is because we can tell a trusted adult if we're worried about something.

And Sofia says that it also helps us if we go to the doctor.

Females have a vulva and a vagina as part of their genitals.

The vulva is the external female genitals, and each vulva looks different.

The vulva is made up of lots of different parts.

There is the clitoris, the outer labia, the urethra, which is where urine comes out, the vagina and the inner labia.

There's also the anus, which is where poo comes out.

The vagina is on the inside of a female's body.

The vagina produces a fluid, which is called discharge, and it helps to keep the vagina clean and moist.

This discharge can also help protect the vagina from infection, so discharge is a normal experience.

It usually looks white and sticky, but it can also be clear and wet.

Izzy tells us that the vagina is where a baby can come out.

Alex says that urine comes out of a separate opening.

Remember, this comes out of the urethra.

And Sam says that the vulva is the part of the female genitals that you can see.

Remember that the vagina is on the inside of the female body.

Is this true or false? The vagina is where urine comes out.

Can you remember? Well done if you said false, but why? What do you think? Urine comes out of a separate opening called the urethra.

A baby can come out of a vagina.

Males have a penis and testicles as part of their genitals.

The testicles will also start to produce sperm during puberty.

So on the diagram you can see the penis, the testicles, and the urethral opening, so this is where urine comes out.

It's really normal for each penis to look different.

Some people have a foreskin, whereas others have had the foreskin removed, and this can be for medical or cultural reasons.

Removing the foreskin is called circumcision.

In this picture, you can see an uncircumcised penis, so you can see that the foreskin covers the head of the penis.

In this diagram, you can see a circumcised penis, so the foreskin doesn't cover the head of the penis.

What do testicles produce during puberty? Can you remember? You might want to pause the video, tell the person next to you or tell me.

What do testicles produce during puberty? Is it A, discharge; B, sperm; or C, periods? What do you think? Well done if you said sperm.

During puberty, the testicles start to produce sperm.

We're now going to put your learning from this learning cycle into practise.

I'd like you to label the parts of the vulva.

Two have been already completed for you, so clitoris and outer labia have already been labelled.

At the bottom of the screen or on your worksheet you can see the other parts of the vulva.

Inner labia, vagina, urethra, and anus.

Can you fill in the diagram with the correct words? Off you go.

Fantastic, now we're going to move on to the second part of this practise task.

I'd like you to do the same thing but with this diagram of the penis, so label the parts of the penis.

The foreskin has already been added to the diagram for you.

I'd like you to add to the diagram penis, urethral opening, and testicles.

Where do you think those go on the diagram? Can you remember? Off you go.

Let's have a look and see if you've got the correct answers.

So you should have the vaginal opening, the urethral opening, the inner labia, and the anus labelled, just like in the diagram.

You should also have the penis labelled, the urethral opening and the testicles.

Well done if you got all those right.

I'm really proud of you.

We're now going to summarise the key learning points from today's lesson.

We've learned a lot today, so let's see how much we can remember.

So we've learned that our bodies and emotions change during puberty, so this means how we feel and our physical body.

These all change during puberty in lots of different ways.

But there's no normal way to experience puberty.

Some people will experience the same thing, but other people will experience it slightly differently, which is perfectly normal.

Male puberty involves genitals getting bigger and their voices getting deeper.

Female puberty involves developing breasts and getting periods.

Both males and females develop body hair, get taller and have body odour.

And it's really important that we know the scientific names for our genitals so that we can always talk to a doctor or a trusted adult if there's something that we're worried about.

We've talked about lots of different things in today's lesson, and if you've got more questions or what to talk about anything, make sure that you have a trusted adult that you can talk to.

Maybe this is an adult at home or maybe it's someone different, but you should always go to a trusted adult if anything from this lesson has made you feel uncomfortable or if you've got any questions or worries.

On the screen, you can also see some other organisations that are there to support you if you feel like you need any additional support.

Well done for your fantastic hard work on today's lesson.

I'm really proud of how well you've done and I hope to see you again soon.