Hello, my name is Miss Willow, and I'm going to be teaching you today's lesson.

Today's lesson is called "Chronic Illness" and it fits into our unit "Physical Health: How can physical health affect others?" During this lesson, we're going to be talking about physical illness.

For this reason, we recommend that you have an adult with you for the duration of this lesson.

If at any point you do feel uncomfortable or upset, it's really important that you stop the lesson and that you speak to a trusted adult about how you feel.

Okay, let's make a start on today's lesson.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the symptoms of some common chronic illnesses.

Before we get started, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone stays comfortable throughout the lesson.

Laura says we need to listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should always listen properly before we make any assumptions or before we decide how to respond.

When we disagree with someone else, it's important to challenge the statement, not the person.

Andeep says we should respect each other's privacy.

It's okay to discuss examples, but we shouldn't use any names or descriptions that could identify anyone, including ourselves.

If we want to share an example, we could refer to someone as "my friend." This means that we can share the example, but we're not giving any identifying information.

Izzy says that we can choose our level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or to join in with discussion, and we should never put anyone on the spot, as this can make people feel uncomfortable.

And finally, Jacob says we need to not have any judgement.

We can explore beliefs and any misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged.

It's important that if anyone has any questions that they feel comfortable enough to share them.

If you're thinking of a question, there's a good chance that someone else in the room also wants to ask the same question.

By not having any judgement , it means that everyone feels safe and comfortable asking any questions or exploring any new ideas.

We're now going to go through the keywords for today's lesson.

The first keyword is acute illness.

This is a health condition that may be sudden or come on quickly, and it's sometimes severe.

Symptom.

This is a physical or mental feature that indicates a condition or a disease.

Chronic illness.

This is a health condition that lasts for a long time, often for life, and it can affect how your body or mind works.

For example, something like diabetes or asthma.

And finally, fatigue.

This means extreme tiredness in some cases as a result of illness.

Today's lesson is split into three learning cycles.

What is a chronic illness? What are the symptoms of chronic illnesses? And how can we manage chronic illnesses? We're going to make a start on the first learning cycle.

What is a chronic illness? Izzy and Andeep are talking about when they have been ill before.

Izzy says, "I had a cold last week; I felt rubbish." And Andeep says, "I know how that feels.

What did you do to get better?" Izzy said, "I had lots of rest and fluids, and thankfully felt better after a few days." Izzy had a cold, and this is an acute illness.

Her illness was temporary, which meant that she could get better as she looked after herself and got enough rest.

An acute illness will often develop suddenly and it can be severe, but may not last a long time.

Dr.

Elsie tells us that some acute illnesses, such as a cold like what Izzy had, can be treated at home and people can manage their symptoms. However, there are some other acute illnesses that are more serious.

Acute illnesses such as flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, meningitis, and appendicitis will need medical help in order for you to get better.

Many acute illnesses can be serious, but the symptoms don't usually last for long.

An illness that does last for a long time is called a chronic illness.

Dr.

Elsie tells us that a chronic illness is a long-term health condition.

These often have gradual beginnings and symptoms may initially fluctuate.

There are often many causes and the condition can last indefinitely.

When we talk about symptoms fluctuating, this means that they can be there one minute and then they can disappear the next.

They can also change in severity.

Lucas asks a really good question.

"How long does a chronic illness last?" Dr.

Elsie says that a health condition that has persisted for over a year is classed as a chronic illness.

Generally, these conditions will last for a long time.

They can even last for a lifetime, but the symptoms can change over time.

Lucas also wants to know, can chronic illnesses be cured? And Dr.

Elsie says that chronic illnesses last a long time, and while some have no cure, we can manage them with medicine, healthy habits, and treatments to help you feel your best.

Lucas also asks, "How does a chronic illness affect someone?" Dr.

Elsie says that chronic illnesses can impact people's everyday lives in lots of different ways.

These can be physical symptoms like pain or fatigue.

Remember that this means extreme tiredness, as well as emotional symptoms. There will also sometimes be people who have the same condition, but they experience slightly different symptoms. We're now going to do a check for understanding to see how you're getting on.

I'd like you to change one word to make the statement correct.

Acute illnesses may last for a long time and may not be curable.

Can you change one of these words so that the statement's correct? You might want to work with the people around you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you changed the first word to chronic.

The statement should now say, "Chronic illnesses may last for a long time and may not be curable." Acute illnesses are illnesses that come on suddenly and they're often temporary, although they can be serious.

There are many different chronic illnesses.

The most common ones are heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome, stroke, and cancer.

Dr.

Elsie says that some people may develop these conditions when they're younger, but most chronic illnesses develop in adulthood.

This means after the age of 18.

We're now going to do another check for understanding.

Is this statement true or false? A chronic illness can always be cured.

What do you think? You might want to pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is false.

This is incorrect, but why? You might have said that a chronic illness is a long-term health condition.

Symptoms can be managed and controlled, but there's often no cure for them.

We're now moving on to your first practise task.

Well done on your hard work so far.

I'd like you to complete the table by sorting the health conditions into acute illness and chronic illness.

We've got the health conditions on one side of the screen, pneumonia, diabetes, cold, heart disease, cancer, arthritis, and bronchitis.

Can you decide which illnesses should go in the acute illness column and which should go in the chronic illness column? Pause the video and we'll go through the answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's have a look and see what your completed table should look like.

In the acute illness column, you should have pneumonia, cold, and bronchitis.

In chronic illness, you should have diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and arthritis.

Well done if you put the different illnesses in the correct column.

For the second part of this practise task, I'd like you to add two additional examples of an acute illness and a chronic illness to your table.

Okay, let's have a look and see what you may have added.

To the acute illness column, you may have added flu, meningitis, and appendicitis.

In the chronic illness column, you may have added chronic fatigue syndrome and stroke.

Well done if you said this or if you had something similar.

We're now moving on to the second learning cycle.

What are the symptoms of chronic illnesses? Although each chronic illness has specific symptoms, there are some more common symptoms that could be signs of a chronic illness.

These can include symptoms like unexplained weight loss or gain, changes to bowel and bladder movements.

This might mean going to the toilet more frequently.

And it could also mean that your bowel movements have changed or that you're urinating differently to usual.

A persistent condition like a headache, extreme tiredness or fatigue, and chest pain or difficulty breathing, these are all common symptoms of what could be a chronic illness.

A chronic illness is diagnosed by first looking at the symptoms that someone's experiencing.

For example, heart disease.

A description of this could be a heart condition that can cause irregular heartbeats called arrhythmias.

Some symptoms of this could be chest pain, dizziness, feeling faint, an irregular heartbeat, or shortness of breath.

For the chronic illness arthritis, this is a condition that causes inflammation and stiffness of the joints.

This might mean in our arms, legs, and fingers.

Some symptoms of this could be loss of flexibility, swelling or aching of the joints, or pain during or after physical activity.

Diabetes is also a chronic illness and there are two types of diabetes, type one and type two.

A description of diabetes is a condition that causes a person's blood sugar level to become too high.

Some symptoms of this could be feeling very thirsty, needing to urinate more often, blurred vision, fatigue and tiredness, muscle cramps, or itchy skin, rashes, and redness.

Chronic fatigue syndrome is another chronic illness.

It's a long lasting condition of extreme tiredness that's not cured by rest or sleep.

Some symptoms of this could be feeling lightheaded, poor short-term memory and focus, and feeling extremely tired even if they've had a good night's sleep.

We're now going to do a check for understanding.

A loss of flexibility, swelling, and experiencing pain during or after physical activity are symptoms of which chronic illness? Is it A, heart disease? B, arthritis? Or C, diabetes? Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B is correct.

Some symptoms of arthritis could be a loss of flexibility, swelling, and experiencing pain during or after physical activity.

Well done if you got this right.

A stroke is when the blood flow to the brain is blocked or when someone experiences sudden bleeding on the brain.

Dr.

Elsie says that a stroke is considered to be a chronic condition because it can take a long time to recover and it requires ongoing medical support even if the stroke itself doesn't last a long time.

Symptoms of a stroke can include trouble speaking or understanding what others are saying, having a headache, numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, difficulty seeing, and trouble walking unaided.

These can all be symptoms of a stroke.

It's important to know what to do if someone's having a stroke.

One way to remember is to remember the word FAST.

F for Face.

Is one side drooping? You can ask them to smile to see if one side of their face is drooping.

A for Arms. Can they lift both of their arms? One of them may be weak if they're having a stroke.

S for Speech.

Is their speech slurred or strange? As this could be a sign of a stroke.

And finally, T for Time.

If they fit any one of these symptoms, you should call 999 immediately if you see any of these signs.

It's important to stay calm to reassure them and don't wait.

Every second counts if someone is having a stroke and they need medical support immediately.

Cancer is when cells in our body become abnormal and they divide to make more abnormal cells.

These can form a lump, often described as a tumour, or they can build up in the blood.

Dr.

Elsie tells us that hearing that someone has been diagnosed with cancer can feel really worrying, but there are treatments that can help.

A decrease or a disappearance in the signs and symptoms of cancer is called being in remission.

Cancer can affect almost any part of someone's body.

Early symptoms can include unexplained changes in weight, skin changes such as yellowing, darkening, or redness, cuts and sores that won't heal, changes to certain moles on the body, changes in bowel or bladder movements, a cough that won't go away or trouble breathing.

Dr.

Elsie says that if you notice any possible signs of cancer or any other changes in your body that worry you, you should always speak to your doctor.

It's really normal for doctors to talk about these issues, so there's no need to feel embarrassed.

The earlier a condition is diagnosed, the easier it can be to treat.

We're now going to do another check for understanding.

This time, I'd like you to complete the following sentence.

If someone experiences any symptoms of a chronic illness or any changes to their body that worries them, they must always seek advice from their what? What word finish the rest of that sentence? Pause the video, talk to people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said doctor.

If someone experiences any symptoms of a chronic illness or any changes to their body that worries them, they must always seek advice from their doctor.

Well done if you got this right.

We're now moving on to our second practise task.

I'd like you to complete this paragraph all about chronic illnesses.

I'd like you to include information about what some of the symptoms are and what someone should do if they're feeling worried.

A chronic illness is a long-term health condition that may not be curable.

Some of the most common chronic illnesses are heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome, stroke, and cancer.

Some of the symptoms of chronic illnesses can include, can you complete the rest of the paragraph? Pause the video, work with the people around you, or complete this independently.

Okay, let's have a look and see what your paragraph may have looked like.

Your paragraph might now say, a chronic illness is a long-term health condition that may not be curable.

Some of the most common chronic illnesses are heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome, stroke, and cancer.

Some of the symptoms of chronic illnesses can include unexplained weight loss, changes to bowel and bladder movements, a persistent condition like a headache or extreme tiredness.

If someone experiences any worrying changes to their body, they should see their doctor as soon as possible because treatments are more effective the earlier a condition is diagnosed.

Well done if you said this or something similar.

We're now moving on to our final learning cycle.

How can we manage chronic illnesses? Many chronic illnesses can be helped by managing these conditions yourself in combination with medical support.

Dr.

Elsie says that a medical professional will advise the ways that specific chronic illnesses can be managed, but a healthy lifestyle, avoiding alcohol, and living tobacco free are all good ways to improve someone's health.

This would mean avoiding cigarettes or vapes.

For this check for understanding, I'd like you to fill in the missing words.

A something something will advise the ways that specific chronic illnesses can be managed.

Can you think about which words would complete the sentence? You might want to work with the people around you or have a think to yourself.

You should have said that a medical professional will advise the ways that specific chronic illnesses can be managed.

Well done if you got this right.

Chronic conditions can be helped by attending regular medical appointments.

Regular appointments mean symptoms can be checked and prescriptions for medications can be changed if needed.

Chronic illnesses can also be helped by maintaining a lifestyle of eating healthy food and doing regular exercise.

Dr.

Elsie reminds us that a healthy lifestyle can help to manage body weight and improve the health of your heart and internal organs.

Chronic illnesses can also be helped by getting enough sleep.

Dr.

Elsie says that getting the right amount of quality sleep is really important for everyone, but if you have a chronic illness, it's essential that your body is given time to rest and recuperate.

Dr.

Elsie says that when someone has a chronic illness, it can be very difficult to manage their energy levels and even what seems like basic tasks like seeing friends, exercising, getting dressed, and making food, these can all be exhausting for someone with a chronic illness.

For this check for understanding, I'd like you to decide which of these is not a way to help manage a chronic illness.

A, making sure that you get enough sleep.

B, eating unhealthy food regularly.

Or C, taking appropriate exercise.

Which do you think is not a way to help manage your chronic illness? Pause the video, talk to the people around you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said B, eating unhealthy food regularly.

This would not be a way to help manage a chronic illness.

One way that a chronic illness could be managed is by having a healthy lifestyle.

This includes having a balanced diet.

For the last practise task, I'd like you to write the content of a poster, encouraging people to visit the doctor when they experience symptoms of a chronic illness.

I'd like you to include information on what a chronic illness is, symptoms of a chronic illness, some ways to reduce risks of developing a chronic illness, and what to do if you're worried about your health.

Pause the video and we'll go through some of the potential answers in a few minutes.

You might have said a chronic illness is a long-term health condition that may not be curable.

Symptoms of a chronic illness can include unexplained changes in weight, skin changes such as yellowing, darkening, or redness, cuts and sores that won't heal, changes to moles, changes in bowel or bladder movements, a cough that won't go away or trouble breathing.

Some ways to reduce risks of developing a chronic illness include attending health appointments, having a healthy lifestyle, reducing stress, getting regular sleep, and managing energy levels.

And finally, if you're worried about your health or notice any symptoms of an illness, you must see a medical professional for support.

We're now going to summarise the key learning from today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we've learned that an acute illness is an illness that may appear quickly, but will also not last long.

A chronic illness is an illness where the symptoms may develop slowly, but the illness will last a long time, over a year and often for life.

A chronic illness may not be curable, but managing symptoms through medication, lifestyle changes, and other treatments can reduce symptoms. Chronic illnesses are not always preventable, but attending medical screenings, appropriate exercise, and eating healthily to help maintain a healthy weight and getting enough sleep are advised.

During this lesson, we've talked about some tricky topics.

If you've got any worries or questions, it's really important that you speak to a trusted adult or a medical professional if you're concerned about your health.

There are also some resources on the screen who are there to help you if you need any additional support.

Well done for your hard work in today's lesson.

I hope to see you in another lesson soon.