Hello, I'm Ms. Tee, and welcome to today's lesson.

Today we're going to talk about water safety, and that's part of our Staying Safe and Healthy unit, How can I check my body is healthy? During this lesson, there might be some upsetting content in terms of dangerous situations and emergency responses, so it's advised that you do this lesson alongside a trusted adult.

Today's lesson outcome is I can explain how to stay safe around water and how to respond in a water emergency.

Before we get started on today's lesson, it's really important that we think about the ground rules that we follow when we're having discussions in our classrooms. We've got Laura firstly saying, "Listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before making assumptions or deciding how to respond.

And when we disagree, we challenge the statement.

We don't challenge the person." We've got Jacob saying, "No judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged." Andeep tell us to respect privacy.

He says we can discuss examples, but we do not use names or descriptions that could identify anyone, including ourselves.

And finally, Izzy reminds us to choose the level of participation that is right for us.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or join a discussion.

We never put anyone on the spot.

So with those in mind, let's get started with today's lesson.

Our keywords for today.

We've got cold water shock, which is a sudden and dangerous reaction of the body to cold water.

This can cause muscle paralysis and difficulty breathing.

We've got the phrase throw rescue, which is a method of helping someone in water without entering yourself by using a float or a rope.

We have the word current, moving water that can pull swimmers away from safety.

We've got three lesson outlines as part of today's lesson on water safety.

Firstly, what makes open water dangerous? Secondly, how do I safely help someone in trouble? And thirdly, how can I protect myself and others near water? So let's get started with our first lesson outline, what makes open water dangerous? Open water may look safe, but looks can be deceiving.

Unlike swimming pools, open water has no lifeguards, no depth markers, and changeable conditions.

Even strong swimmers can get caught out by sudden drops, cold temperatures, and underwater hazards.

So the advice here is always think before you swim.

Entering cold water suddenly can cause rapid breathing, panic, and muscle cramps.

This is cold water shock, and it can happen even in summer.

So what to do if you experience cold water shock? Falling into cold water can shock your body.

You may start to gasp and panic.

Stay calm and float on your back.

Control your breathing and call for help.

So we've got Paramedic Courtney here.

She says your body can go into shock when it hits cold water.

This can lead to drowning even if you're fit and healthy.

Rivers and seas may have strong currents, rip tides, or debris.

Even calm-looking water may be moving fast beneath the surface.

Mountain Rescue volunteer Amelia says that we've seen people swept away in seconds.

You can't always fight a current, instead know how to float and wait for help.

So in this check for understanding, these steps are not in the correct order.

Can you put them into the correct order on how to help, advise someone who's fallen into cold water? The steps are they control their breathing and call for help, they experience cold water shock, causing them to gasp and panic, someone falls into cold water, they remember to stay calm and float on their back.

Can you put these steps into the correct order? Pause your screen while you think about your answer.

If you put the steps into this order, number one, someone falls into cold water, number two, they experience cold water shock, causing them to gasp and panic, number three, they remember to stay calm and float on their back, number four, they control their breathing and call for help, then you would've put them into the correct order.

Well done.

Alcohol and drugs can reduce judgement and increase risk-taking.

When that's combined with peer pressure, this may lead you to making unsafe decisions.

Dr.

Elsie says that under the influence of alcohol or drugs, you may not realise how cold, deep, or fast water is.

Your reactions slow, and the level of danger rises.

In this check for understanding, can you decide if each statement is true or false? So a, cold water shock can only happen in winter, b, you can always see dangers like currents, c, it's safer to jump into open water than climb in slowly, d, alcohol and drugs make you more likely to take risks.

Pause your screen while you decide if each statement is true or false.

If you said that statement a, b, and c were false, then you'd be correct.

And if you identified that d was true, then you'd also be correct.

Well done.

So in Task A, we'd like you to read the scenario and answer the questions.

Toby and his friends are near a river on a hot day.

One of Toby's friends suggests jumping in to cool off.

The water looks calm, but there are no lifeguards, and Toby is not sure how deep it is.

Can you answer these three questions? Number one, identify three possible dangers in this situation.

Number two, what could Toby do to stay safe? Can you suggest three ideas? And three, can you imagine that you are another one of Toby's friends? What safety advice would you give to Toby? Pause your screen while you think about your answers to these three questions.

So your answers may have looked like this.

For number one, the three possible dangers in this situation could include the water might be deeper or shallower than it looks, which could lead to injury, there could be hidden currents or underwater obstacles, like rocks or branches, and no lifeguard means no immediate help if something goes wrong.

For question number two, Toby could stay safe by checking the depth and safety of the water first by only swimming in areas where it's allowed and lifeguards are present.

And finally, to just not jump in unless you're completely sure it's safe.

And if you were Toby's friend, the advice you could give him could be, "Let's not jump in here, it might be dangerous," or "We can find a safer place to cool off, like a public swimming area with lifeguards." So let's move on to our second lesson outline for today, how do I safely help someone in trouble? If you see someone struggling in water, your instinct could be to jump in, but this is dangerous and could lead to two people in trouble.

Instead, remember, the safest way to help is from the shore.

And Police Officer Kofi says, "Don't become the second victim.

Keep yourself safe while helping someone else." To safely help someone in trouble in water, follow these steps.

Call 999 immediately and clearly explain your location.

Shout "Float on your back" to help encourage them to stay calm.

And if it's safe to do so, throw something that floats to keep them above water until help arrives.

This is called a throw rescue.

And we can see a demonstration of that with a life preserver ring in the image here.

So in this check for understanding, what should you do first if someone is struggling in open water? A, jump in quickly and swim to them, b, call 999 and describe your location, c, shout "You're going to be okay!" and walk away, or d, attempt a throw rescue immediately.

Pause your screen while you think about your answer.

If you identified that b, call 999 and describe your location, is the first thing you should do, then you'd be correct.

In a water emergency, you can still use the throw rescue method even without special equipment.

Look around your area for anything that floats.

This could be a football, or a plastic bottle, or even something long, like a stick or towel.

Throw the object to the person in trouble and remember to aim carefully so the person can grab it without putting them in more danger.

Mountain Rescue volunteer Amelia says, "Use what you've got.

A football or bottle can help keep someone afloat until help arrives." So in this true or false check for understanding, you can't safely help someone who's in trouble in water by throwing something that floats.

Is that statement true or false? Pause your screen while you think about your answer.

If you identified that this statement was false, then you'd be correct.

If you throw something to someone who's struggling in water, it's called a throw rescue.

And it's a good way to help someone in water without entering yourself and endangering yourself.

So in Task B, we want you to imagine that you're walking by a lake and see someone struggling in shouting for help about 10 metres from the shore.

There are no lifeguards around.

Can you write a plan to safely help them that includes what you would do first, second, and third, what you could say to the person, and what objects around you you could use to help.

Pause your screen while you put together your safety plan.

So your answers may have looked like this.

Your plan to safely help the person in trouble may include, first I would call 999 immediately and clearly explain my location.

Second, I would look around for something that floats, like a life ring, plastic bottle, or football, to attempt to a float rescue.

I'd then reassure the person in trouble by saying, "Stay calm, I'm getting help.

Hold onto this." Third, I would throw the object to the person to help them stay afloat.

So on our final lesson outline for today, how can I protect myself and others near water? Conditions at open water sites can change quickly.

Tides can rise, weather can worsen, and rip tides can form.

Learn to check forecast and understand tide times if you're visiting the sea.

Mountain Rescue volunteer Amelia says, "It might look calm now, but tides and weather can change fast.

Plan ahead and not in the moment." A rip tide is pulling the swimmer away from the beach.

It looks like a safe area, but it has strong currents going out to sea.

And we can see that rip tide being illustrated by the purple arrows there, pulling that swimmer away from the beach.

What to do if you're caught in a rip tide? Well, don't panic, stay calm, and float on your back.

Raise your hand to signal for help on the shore.

Don't swim against the current because this will tyre you out and you'll lose energy quickly.

Swim sideways to move across the current and not towards the shore.

And once you're out of the current, swim back to the beach.

So in this check for understanding, what is the correct way to escape a rip tide? Is it a, swim straight back to shore as fast as possible? Is it b, float to conserve energy, then swim parallel to the shore? Is it c, panic and wave your arms wildly until someone helps? Or is it d, swim out further until the current stops? Pause your screen while you identify the right answer.

Well done.

If you identified that the correct way to escape a rip tide was b, float to conserve energy and then swim parallel to the shore, then you'd be correct.

When planning a day out near water, choose safe, supervised places to swim.

Avoid secluded spots like reservoirs or canals where help might not reach you in time.

Make sure to stay hydrated, wear sun cream, and don't swim when you are tired or full as this can increase your chances of cramp.

The advice is that planned swims are safe swims. Taking random dips are where the risk kicks in.

In this check for understanding, can you identify what is missing from the list of ways we can keep ourselves and others safe near water? We've already got stay hydrated and wear sun cream.

We've got choose safe, supervised places to swim.

Can you identify what else is missing from this list? Pause your screen while you think about your answer.

If you said that what was missing was to avoid secluded spots and to not swim when you're tired or full, then you've correctly answered the question.

Well done.

So how can I protect myself and others near water? Well, let's look at these two illustrations.

What actions are people taking to protect themselves and others? The people in this illustration are taking actions to protect themselves.

For example, the beach is supervised by an on-duty lifeguard.

The flag indicates that the conditions are safe for swimming.

And the people in the water are staying close to the shore.

The people in this illustration are not taking actions to protect themselves.

For example, the water seems to be unsupervised.

The person entering the water and those around them are drinking alcohol.

And the person is not carefully entering the water.

They are jumping in and may not see any of the hidden dangers.

So in this check for understanding, true or false, secluded spots like reservoirs or canals are safe places to swim.

Is that statement true or false? Pause your screen while you think about your answer.

If you identified that that statement was false, then you'd be correct.

And that's because secluded spots like reservoirs or canals are often far away from emergency help and can be dangerous to swim in because of hidden debris and potential cold water that can cause cold water shock.

So in our final task for today, create a short fictional scenario that shows someone protecting themselves or others from a water-related risk.

In this scenario, can you include the setting? It could be a beach, a river or a lake.

A potential hazard, for example, a rip tide, weather, or the fact that this area is secluded.

Can you include what safe action is taken? And finally, the outcome.

Pause your screen while you put together your scenario.

Well done.

So your fictional scenario may have included the following.

At the beach, Jamal's friend wants to swim outside the red and yellow flags where it's quieter.

Jamal remembers rip tides can form in unguarded areas and explains to his friend that it's safer to swim where on-duty lifeguards can see them and between the red and yellow flag zone.

Jamal and his friends swim in the flag zone, and later they see someone rescued from the risky area, and they're glad they made the safe choice.

So today we've talked about water safety.

And in summary, we should always swim in safe swim zones marked by lifeguards and flags for maximum protection.

We should be mindful that cold water shock can be dangerous.

We should check warning signs and tide information before going near water.

A rip tide or strong current can pull you out to sea.

Float and swim parallel to escape.

If someone is in trouble in open water, call 999 and attempt a throw rescue.

Looking out for yourself and others means making smart, calm decisions near water.

If you want more information, you can visit the NHS website, which gives advice about health and prevention, including how to access services.

You can also visit the site of the British Red Cross, which is a volunteer-led organisation which offers support for people, including First Aid advice.