Hi, I'm Ms. Lowe, and I'm your RSHE teacher for today.

Thank you so much for choosing to complete your learning with me.

Now, because of some of the themes and topics covered in today's lesson, it's really important that, while you complete your learning, you're accompanied by an adult.

So here's our outcome for today's lesson.

By the end of today's lesson, you're gonna be able to describe the physical and social impact of smoking and vaping, and explain how best to say no to peer pressure.

Every RSHE lesson should begin with a set of ground rules.

This ensures that every conversation had in RSHE is respectful and we're all able to learn effectively.

So Laura is reminding us that, in RSHE, we should listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before making assumptions or deciding how to respond.

And when disagreeing, we challenge the statement and not the person.

Andeep is reminding us to respect privacy.

We can discuss examples, but we don't use names or descriptions that can identify anyone, including ourselves.

Izzy is reminding us to choose a level of participation that suits us.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or to join in a discussion, but we never put anyone on the spot.

And finally, Jacob is reminding us that, in RSHE, there is no judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without the fear of being judged.

So here are key words for today's lesson.

Let's go through the definitions together.

So firstly, we have tar.

This is a substance in tobacco that can cause cancer and damage the lungs.

Healthy choices, decisions that contribute to physical and mental wellbeing.

Peer pressure, when you feel pushed by friends to act a certain way, make choices, or do things just to fit in with the group.

So here is our outline of today's lesson.

We're gonna begin today by asking the question, what are the health risks of smoking and vaping? So there are lots of harmful substances in cigarettes, such as tar and arsenic, and these are known to cause some several long-term illnesses.

For example, lung cancer, COPD, which is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, hypertension, which is a medical term for high blood pressure, and strokes.

So in the UK, over half of all cases of lung cancer are actually caused by smoking.

Let's have a look at how this happens.

So first of all, when somebody's smoking a cigarette, the substances in the chemicals in the cigarette are inhaled through the cigarette smoke.

The tar from the cigarette smoke is then deposited in the lungs, and this can create a buildup of tar, which can lead to COPD.

The cells in the lungs are then damaged by the chemicals, and they're unable to work properly.

These damaged cells are then unable to divide naturally, and this can lead to a cancerous growth.

So let's pause here and check our understanding about what we've learned so far.

So true or false, smoking only damages the lungs.

I'd like you to pause the video here, have a think about your answer, and then we'll go through the correct one together in a moment.

Really well done if you said false, but why is this false and how do we know? Well, smoking can actually also cause heart disease or strokes along with some other serious illnesses.

So it's not just the lungs that are at risk from smoking.

Well done again if you said false to that question.

So several substances in cigarettes can put pressure on your heart and lead to damage.

Now, doctor is telling us something really interesting here.

She's saying that even inhaling the smoke from someone else's cigarette, which we know as passive smoking.

You might also hear this referred to as secondhand smoke.

So even this can damage the heart.

So being near somebody else's cigarettes can put pressure and damage on the heart.

In the UK, 10,000 cases of heart disease are caused by smoking each year.

And this happens when nicotine is inhaled, and what this does is it increases blood pressure.

The tar from the cigarette smoke enters the body and it poisons the bloodstream.

It leaves fatty deposits in the arteries.

The deposits make it harder for oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart and the brain.

And then what can happen is arteries can become clogged and this can lead to a heart attack or a stroke.

Now let's check our understanding again here about what we've learned so far.

So which of the following statements about heart disease are inaccurate? I'd like you to read through those options there, A, B, and C, pause the video, have a think about which of those statements you think is inaccurate, and then we'll go through the answer together in just a moment.

Great work If you said B.

So B is inaccurate.

It says that passive smoking can't damage the heart, but we know that that isn't true because we had saw before that passive smoking or secondhand smoke can cause damage and put pressure on the heart.

So well done if you said B.

So lung cancer, COPD, and heart disease are not actually the only illnesses associated with smoking.

It can also cause asthma, harm to reproductive health, diabetes, blindness or cataracts, around 10 other types of cancer, and a decline in brain function.

So smoking has a really serious impact on our health.

Now, when someone makes a healthy choice and decides to quit smoking, it can drastically improve their health.

So even if someone's been smoking for a long time, making that choice to quit is very healthy.

So some of the benefits of quitting smoking include an improved life expectancy of 10 years, lowering the risk of different types of cancers, making them feel more energetic, improving their sense of smell and taste, and finally, lowering the risk of heart disease and strokes.

So as you can see, quitting smoking is a healthy choice, and it really can improve a person's health.

Now, vaping is generally considered safer than smoking, but it is not completely risk-free.

And this is because many of the long-term health risks of vaping are still very much unknown, meaning that vaping could be much more harmful than we currently know about.

So if you're not a smoker and you're a young person, it is not advised to start vaping due to the health risks involved.

Now, even though the long-term health risks of vaping are largely unknown, there are some health risks known to vaping.

So the first one is that the chemicals found in vapes can actually harm a person's brain development.

It can cause coughing and wheezing, so finding difficulty breathing.

It can cause headaches, lung scarring, mouth irritation, and nausea.

So these are some of those short-term health risks apart from brain development, which is of course a long-term health risk.

But here are some of the health risks known to vaping.

And as I said before, there may be more serious long-term health risks associated with vaping.

It's just we don't know what they are yet.

So we're gonna pause here.

We're gonna check our understanding.

True or false, there are no known health risks to vaping.

Gonna pause the video here, have a think about your answer, and then we'll go through the correct one together in a moment.

Well done if you said.

How do you know that this is false? Well, although we don't know the long-term health risks of vaping, the short-term health risks are known and they do show that it's harmful.

Therefore, not knowing the long-term impacts doesn't mean that vaping is safe.

Well done again if you said false.

Now, when someone makes a healthy choice to quit vaping, it can also drastically improve their health.

So it can improve their breathing, prevent any further damage from the chemicals inhaled by vapes, prevent damage to brain development caused by chemicals in vapes.

It can reduce stress and irritability that's caused by nicotine addiction.

And finally, it can improve lung health.

So just like quitting smoking, quitting vaping is a healthy choice, and quitting smoking and vaping can drastically improve a person's health.

What we're gonna do now is we're gonna put our learning into practise.

So give Izzy and Alex two pieces of advice each that they can give to their friend.

In your answer, I want you to cover the risk of smoking and vaping and why it's a healthy choice to quit.

So Izzy here is saying, "My friend has been vaping.

They say it's harmless, but I notice that they're coughing a lot and get irritable when they don't do it." Alex is saying that his friend has been smoking for a year.

They say it hasn't impacted their health.

And even if it has, there's no point in quitting now.

So you're gonna pause the video here, have a think about your answers.

Give Izzy and Alex two pieces of advice that they can give to their friends, and then we'll go through some possible pieces of advice together in just a moment.

Great work on your answers there.

Let's go through some things that you might have said.

So Alex has told us that his friend's been smoking for a year.

They say it's not impacted their health, but even if it has, there is no point in quitting now.

So you might have said smoking does serious damage to the lungs and heart.

Over time, this can develop into serious illnesses such as lung cancer and heart disease.

You might have also said that quitting smoking is a healthy choice.

It can improve life expectancy and lower the risk of developing a serious illness.

Now, for Izzy, you may have said that vaping can cause coughing, wheezing, nausea, and even lung scarring.

The long-term health risks are also unknown, so vaping could be doing even more serious damage.

You may have also said that making the healthy choice to quit vaping can prevent any further damage to health.

It can improve lung health and reduce irritability caused by nicotine addiction.

Well done if you said any of the things I mentioned there or anything else.

Great work.

We're moving on now to the second part of our lesson, and we're gonna be asking the question, what is the social impact of smoking and vaping? So addiction to nicotine is more likely to occur in a young person if they have family members who also smoke.

Young people are actually twice as likely to start smoking if a close family member already smokes.

Smoking and vaping can have a social impact because in today's society, it's much less socially acceptable than ever before.

Many people dislike smoking and vaping and don't actually like to be around others who do.

This may make a person feel more isolated from others.

As it becomes less socially acceptable, as people start to like smoking and vaping less, it might make those who dislike smoking and vaping not want to be around others who are doing it, which can make a person who is smoking or vaping feel isolated.

So Sophia's asking here, "Why might smoking make a person feel isolated?" So smoking and vaping can make a person feel isolated for different reasons.

One of them is smoking and vaping can cause breathlessness.

And this can limit a person's ability to perform active tasks like exercising.

There are now fewer public places that permit smoking or vaping.

So smokers and vapers may choose to only go to places that allow it.

Some people really dislike the smell of vape vapour and don't want to be around it.

And smokers and vapers tend to spend time with other people who smoke or vape, and this can really limit their social circle.

So the physical impact of smoking and vaping can actually affect people socially.

So smoking and vaping can yellow and damage a person's teeth.

Nicotine can cause fingertips to become yellowed.

This is particularly prevalent with cigarette smoking.

It can withdrawals from nicotine, which can make a person very irritable with others.

It can cause breath to smell quite unpleasant, and people find the smell of cigarettes and vapes unpleasant and just don't want to be around it.

So smoking in particular has a big impact on other people around you.

So Sophia here is saying, "I hate how badly cigarette smoke smells.

I just can't be around it." And Amira is saying that, "Secondhand smoke is really bad for your health, so I avoid spending time with people who smoke." And Amira is completely correct here.

Our doctor before told us that passive smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke can actually put pressure on and damage the heart.

So cigarettes create a distinctive smell that can linger on the smoker.

The smell can cling to clothes, hands, breath, and skin.

Due to cigarettes affecting the smoker's sense of smell and taste, it can be very difficult for them to recognise how strongly the cigarette smoke smell on them actually smells.

in effect, those who don't smoke may actually avoid social settings with people who do.

And our doctor here is telling us that cigarette smoking can make people sweat more.

And then due to those substances that are in their system from the cigarette can make their sweat smell even more like old smoke.

So we're gonna pause here and we're gonna check our understanding.

So true or false, many people do not like the smell of cigarettes and therefore may avoid people who smoke.

I'd like to think about your answer to this question.

Pause the video and then we'll go through the answer together in just a moment.

Well done if you said true.

Yes, lots of people don't like the smell of cigarettes and therefore they might choose to avoid people who do smoke.

Smokers and vapers tend to be friends with or spend time with other smokers and vapers, and therefore this can limit a person's social circle as well.

So we're gonna put our learning into practise now.

So we have Jay here, and he is smoking around his friends.

I would like for you to label this image with the impact on Jay and the people around him, and I've done one for you.

So Jay here, he's smoking in front of his friends, but he feels quite isolated from his friends when he smokes.

So I would like for you, for Holly, Emily, and Amira to tell me what the impact of Jay's smoking might have on them.

So pause the video, write down your ideas, and then we'll join back together in a moment, and go through some possible answers together.

Well done if you're having a think about how Jay smoking has impacted him and the people around him.

So here's some of the things that you might have said.

So Holly thinks that cigarettes are smelly.

Amira is worried about being near secondhand smoke, and Emily thinks that the yellowing of Jay's fingertips caused by the cigarette makes it look dirty.

So well done if you said any of those things.

Of course there were lots of other things that you could have said about the impact that Jay smoking had on him and the people him.

But very well done for giving that task a go.

We're moving on now to the final part of our lesson, and we're asking the question, how can I respectfully say no? So people may face peer pressure to do things that they don't want to do or know that they shouldn't, just like smoking or vaping.

Now, during puberty, this can be particularly difficult as we can develop a strong sense of wanting to fit in.

When friends or peers ask us to do something that we know is wrong, it can make us feel uncomfortable.

So Sam is experiencing this very situation.

She's facing peer pressure to smoke or vape.

How might this make her feel? So have a look at Sam and have a look at some of those words of peer pressure that are going on around her and have a think about how this might make her feel.

Pause the video, have a think about your answer, and then we'll go through the possible answer together.

So you may have said that Sam feels uncomfortable or that she'll lose her friends if she doesn't join in.

Now it can be hard to say no when faced with peer pressure.

However, when we do say no, it's important to be assertive and respectful.

So Aisha is telling us here that being assertive means having or showing confidence in what we say.

One way that we can get better at saying no when faced with peer pressure is to just practise saying no.

So if you are faced with peer pressure, you can say it with confidence and be assertive.

So Izzy here is practising and she is saying no.

There are lots of different ways to say no respectfully.

You can say thank you, but no thank you.

Make it clear that it's not something that you're interested in.

So Andeep is saying, "It's just not something I'm into." He's saying no.

He's saying thanks but no thanks.

He's saying no, but he's doing it assertively, but also respectfully.

It's not worth repeating.

If some people keep asking, one way to deal with that is to move on to something else as if it's not even worth discussing.

So Alex is saying here, "Let's just talk about something else.

Let's move on and talk about something else." Make an excuse.

If the peer pressure continues after saying no, if you try to change the subject, you've respectfully and assertively said no, but it continues, then you should respectfully leave the situation.

Lucas is saying here, "I've gotta go home soon." He's leaving the situation.

He's not being rude or aggressive.

He's respectful and assertive, and he's saying, "I'm gonna go home soon." And he's taken himself out of the situation that's making him feel uncomfortable.

So being aggressive is asserting yourself with anger.

That is a big difference between being assertive and being aggressive.

So examples of aggressive language when saying no, include shouting at the person who is pressuring you, insulting or mocking someone, invading another person's space, belittling someone or putting them down, and swearing or using offensive language.

So any of those five things on the screen would be considered aggressive, rather than assertive.

And that is not a good way to say no to somebody, 'cause what can happen is this can escalate a situation into something much worse.

"So why do you think that these are not effective responses to peer pressure?" Jun is asking.

Well, aggression, as I said before, can escalate a situation into something much worse than it already was.

Peer pressure is wrong, but so is reacting with harmful words or behaviour.

Aggression never effectively puts a person's point across, it doesn't solve anything, and it never makes a situation better.

It's important to remember that real friends don't pressure others to do things that they know they don't want to do.

If you're concerned a friend will pressure you to smoke or vape, consider spending time with other people.

You could also avoid certain situations where you feel peer pressure might arise.

Let's pause the video here and check our understanding about what we've learned so far.

So down here is a list of ways to say no.

I would like for you to tell me which of the following is an aggressive way of saying no.

Remember, being aggressive is asserting yourself with anger.

So pause the video, have a read through those statements, and see if you can tell me which one is the aggressive way of saying no.

Well done for giving that a go, and of course it is B, saying, "Shut up, as if I'd be interested in that." It's belittling.

It's quite rude to tell someone to shut up.

This is an aggressive way of saying no.

However, A and C are assertive and respectful.

Now we're gonna put our learning into practise.

In the speech bubbles, I would like for you to write suggestions for how someone can respectfully say no to peer pressure.

So speech on the right are examples of peer pressure.

Somebody trying to get somebody else to vape, they say, "You should try this vape," and "Come on, everyone is doing it." I'd like for you to fill in those two speech bubbles with some respectful ways to say no.

Pause the video, have a think about your answers, and then we'll go through some things that you could have possibly said together.

Great work.

So here are some examples of something that you could have said.

So the first person says, "You should try this vape." And you might have said, "No thanks.

It's not really something I'm into." The other person says, "Come on, everyone's doing it." And then the final speech bubble could have said something like, "Let's talk about something else." Could've tried to change the subject.

So well done if you said any of those things.

Of course there were lots of other respectful but assertive ways to say no.

So well done forgiving that ago.

Now we have come to the end of our lesson.

So let's have a look and summarise our learning from today.

So smoking and vaping come with risks to health.

For example, tarring cigarettes can cause serious health conditions.

Making healthy choices is important and it can really benefit our health and wellbeing.

People who smoke and vape can improve their quality of life and make a healthy choice by quitting.

Smoking and vaping do not just impact the person doing it.

It can also impact others.

For example, lots of people dislike the smell of cigarette smoke or the vapour from vapes.

And finally, if faced with peer pressure to smoke or vape, it's important to feel confident in assertively and respectfully saying no.

Now, if any of the topics covered in today's lesson affect you in any way or you are concerned, here on the screen are some places that you can go to to get support.

So first we have NHS Live Well, which can provide advice about healthy living, exercise, quitting smoking, and drinking less alcohol.

There is SafeCall, which is a service for young people and family members affected by missing people, county lines, and criminal exploitation.

And finally, Childline, which is a website and phone line able to offer confidential advice and support.

And I'd like to end today's lesson by saying a huge well done, you've done fantastic work, and it's been wonderful teaching you today.

And I hope to see you in the future for more RSHE lessons.