Hi, I'm Ms. Kumar, and I'm really pleased that you've chosen to learn with me today.

Today's lesson is "Why smoking and vaping are risky," and this lesson is within our unit, "Risky substances: What do I need to know about tobacco and vaping." You might find some parts of the lesson upsetting or uncomfortable.

We recommend that you are accompanied by an adult.

If at any stage you do feel uncomfortable or upset, close the video and talk to a trusted adult.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can identify risky substances in cigarettes and vapes and explain how to spot an illegal vape.

Before we start any of our learning, let's take a quick look at those all important ground rules.

Laura reminds us to listen to others.

"It is okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before we make any assumptions or decide how to respond.

When disagreeing, make sure that we challenge the statement and not the person." Andeep reminds us to respect one another's privacy.

"We can discuss examples but please don't use names or descriptions that could identify anyone, including ourselves." Jacob reminds us no judgement.

"We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic, but we shouldn't fear being judged." And finally, Izzy reminds us that it's okay for us to choose our own level of participation.

"Everyone has the right to choose whether or not to answer a question or join in a discussion.

We must never put anyone 'on the spot.

'" Throughout today's lesson, you will notice that there are some words that are highlighted in bold black font.

These are our keywords.

Let's take a quick look at today's keywords and their definitions.

Nicotine, this is a highly addictive stimulant substance.

Addictive, if something is addictive, it makes you want to keep using it or doing it even if it is not good for you.

Tar, this is a substance in tobacco smoke, but can cause cancer and damage to the lungs.

And finally, illegal vapes.

These are vapes sold illegally in the UK that contain harmful substances banned by the government.

Today's lesson is split into three parts.

Let's start with part one, what are the harmful substances in cigarettes? Cigarettes contain nicotine, and it's the nicotine that makes them extremely addictive.

However, cigarettes also contain around 70 harmful cancer-causing substances or carcinogens.

Alex asks, "Do you know what any of these substances are?" Feel free to pause the video, have a little think, and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The harmful substances found in cigarettes are tar, arsenic, cadmium, benzene, carbon monoxide, and ammonia to name just a few.

Well done if you've got those right.

Here's our first check for understanding.

Cigarettes contain blank harmful substances.

Is it A, 30, B, 50, or C, 70? Feel free to pause the video, have a little think, and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer, of course, is C, 70.

Well done if you got that right.

The harmful chemicals that we find in cigarettes are actually found in lots of other things too.

Let's take a look at some of those examples now.

Arsenic, this is also found in rat poison.

Benzene, this is also found in exhaust fumes.

Ammonia, this is also found in cleaning products.

Cadmium, this is also found in batteries.

Carbon monoxide.

This is also found in burning fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels include petrol, diesel, et cetera.

Tar is the substance most commonly associated with cigarette smoking.

It's created when tobacco and other materials inside a cigarette are burnt and it creates a sticky brown substance that can damage the lungs and cause serious illnesses like lung cancer.

Tar is also the substance responsible for staining of the fingers and teeth.

It's time for another check for understanding.

True or false? Cigarettes contain substances also found in batteries.

Feel free to pause the video, have a little think, and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer is true.

Well done if you got that right.

That brings us to Task A.

Explain to your learning partner the different harmful substances in cigarettes and where else they are commonly found.

Consider the following in your answer, the number of substances in cigarettes and where the substances in cigarettes are also found.

Feel free to pause the video while you do this task and then press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? Let's take a look at some possible answers together.

You might have discussed, Cigarettes create a sticky brown substance in the lungs called tar, which can damage the lungs.

Cigarettes contain harmful substances that are also found in poison, batteries, and burning fossil fuels.

70 of the harmful substances found in cigarettes can cause cancer.

And cigarettes contain many harmful substances such as ammonia, tar, carbon monoxide, arsenic, cadmium and benzene.

Well done if you got that right.

Let's move on to part two of today's lesson.

What are the harmful substances in vapes? Just like cigarettes, vapes also can contain nicotine.

Not every vape will contain this addictive substance.

Inside a vape, we find something called an e-liquid.

An e-liquid is heated up to create an aerosol or a gas, and it's this aerosol or gas that's then inhaled or breathed in.

People often think that vaping is harmless, but vapes contain several harmful substances that can damage a person's health.

Let's take a look now at just some of the substances found in vapes.

Diethylene glycol, this is found in illegal vapes.

Metals such as nickel, tin or lead.

Again, these are found in illegal vapes.

Propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, flavourings, and pentanedione, another substance found in illegal vapes.

Time for another check for understanding.

True or false? There are no harmful substances in vapes.

Feel free to pause the video, have a little think, and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer is false.

Have a think about why.

Vapes, particularly illegal vapes, contain substances that are harmful to health.

Well done if you got that right.

The harmful chemicals in vapes are found in other things too.

For example, propylene glycol is also found in soap, vegetable glycerin is also found in skin care products, and diethylene glycol, which is found in illegal vapes, is also found in nail polish remover.

The UK government has banned the use of certain substances in vapes, however, vapes containing these substances are still sold illegally.

These substances can also be found in vapes outside the UK.

They are banned because they are extremely harmful to health.

Some of the substances used in vapes are not always harmful to the body.

For example, flavourings aren't harmful when used in food and pentanedione is not harmful when used in medicine.

However, when heated and inhaled in a vape, the substances can create chemical compounds which are harmful to health.

Let's take a look at another check for understanding.

Which of the following statements about vapes is incorrect? Is it A, vapes contain substances also found in skin care products? Is it B, vapes contain substances also found in nail polish remover? Or is it C, vapes contain substances also found in burning fossil fuels? Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready for the answer.

How did you get on? The answer is C.

Well done if you got that right.

That brings us to the second task of today's lesson, Task B.

Label the vape with information about the harmful substances you have learned about from this learning cycle.

One has been provided for you.

Substances found in vapes can also be found in soap.

Feel free to pause the video, continue with the task and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? You might have written substances found in vapes can also be found in nail polish remover.

The government has banned certain harmful substances from vapes.

And some substances are harmless in other forms. For example, flavourings used in food.

However, when they are heated in vapes, they can make harmful chemical compounds.

Well done if you've got something along those lines.

Now let's move on to the third and final part of today's lesson.

What are illegal vapes? The UK government has banned the use of certain substances in vapes.

These substances have been banned because they can have a serious effect on a person's health and they can be extremely dangerous.

However, these substances are still found in illegal vapes and it can be very hard to spot an illegal vape.

There are some things that people can look out for.

These are just some of the ways that an illegal vape could be identified.

If it contains more than 20 milligrammes per mL or more than 2% nicotine.

In fact, illegal vapes can have nicotine equivalent to up to 40 cigarettes.

If it doesn't have a health warning covering 30% or more of the packet, it's likely to be illegal.

Finally, if the packet says chemical rather than the word substance because the word chemical is used in other countries where the same rules do not apply to vapes.

This table summarises the difference between legal and illegal vapes.

Legal vapes will contain no more than 2% nicotine, whereas illegal vapes can contain 5% or more of nicotine.

Legal vapes will have 30% of their packaging taken up by health risk warnings, whereas illegal vapes have little to no health warnings on their packaging.

Legal vapes can contain a maximum of 600 puffs, that's equal to around 50 cigarettes, whereas illegal vapes may contain as many as 4,000 puffs, which is equal to around 400 cigarettes.

And finally, the contents of a legal vape are regulated with the most harmful chemicals banned, whereas the contents of an illegal vape are not regulated.

That means illegal vapes can contain deadly substances such as lead.

Let's move on to another check for understanding.

True or false? You can tell if a vape is illegal if the packet uses the word chemical rather than substance.

Feel free to pause the video.

Have a go at this question and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer is true.

Well done if you got that right.

In England, it is illegal, that means against the law, to sell vapes to anyone under the age of 18 years.

A retailer must check or verify someone's age before they sell vapes or vape products to them.

If a retailer is caught selling vapes or vape products to a minor, that's someone under the age of 18, or if they sell to an adult who is buying for a minor, that could cause criminal consequences.

Lucas reminds us, "Selling a vape to someone under the age of 18 is punishable with a large fine." The substances in illegal vapes can cause many health problems. Let's take a look at some of these problems now.

Illegal vapes could cause nicotine poisoning from exposure to large amounts of nicotine.

Illegal vapes could contain illegal drugs such as tetrahydrocannabinol or THC.

This is a substance found in cannabis.

Illegal vapes could contain diacetyl, which can cause popcorn lung when inhaled.

Illegal vapes can also have dangerous levels of substances like lead and chromium.

Izzy reminds us, "Popcorn lung is a condition where there's a buildup of scarring on the lungs." Let's have a look at a check for understanding.

Which of the following is a sign that a vape is illegal? Is it A, 30% of the packaging is covered in a health warning? Is it B, it contains 5% or more of nicotine? Or is it C, it contains 600 puffs, that's equal to around 50 cigarettes? Feel free to pause the video, have a little think, and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer is B.

If it contains 5% or more of nicotine, it's likely to be an illegal vape.

Well done if you got that right.

That brings us to the third and final task of the lesson.

Using what you have learned about illegal vapes, explain in one paragraph how you know this image is of an illegal vape.

Feel free to pause the video while you do the task.

Press play when you're ready to move on and look at the answers.

How did you get on? Let's have a look at some possible answers together.

You might have written something along these lines, illegal vapes contain a warning that refers to nicotine as a chemical rather than a substance.

Also, the legal strength for vapes in the UK is 2% nicotine.

This image shows that it contains 5% nicotine.

It also contains 4,000 puffs, but the legal capacity is 600 puffs in the UK.

Well done if you got that right.

We've reached the end of the lesson.

Let's take a look at today's lesson summary.

Smoking cigarettes is risky because they contain around 70 harmful substances such as nicotine and tar, as well as other harmful substances found in other things such as car exhausts, fossil fuels and poison.

Vapes contain harmful substances as well as other substances that are usually not harmful, but when heated and inhaled can be damaging to the lungs.

Illegal vapes contain harmful substances that are banned by the UK government.

They can be hard to spot, but remember to look at the nicotine strength and the packaging for clues.

Well done on all your hard work today.

I hope that you have learned something.