Lesson video

Hello, my name's Ms. Willow and I'm going to be your teacher for today's lesson.

Today's lesson is called "Harmful sexual behavior" and it fits into the unit "Power in relationships: What do we need to know about the law?" During this lesson, we are going to be talking about discrimination, sexual content, and other sensitive content, so for this lesson, we require you to have an adult with you.

If at any point you do feel worried or uncomfortable, it's really important that you stop the video and that you speak to a trusted adult.

Okay, let's make a start on today's lesson.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe what harmful sexual behavior is, explain the law around it, and explain where to get support.

Before we get started with today's lesson, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone feels safe and comfortable during today's lesson.

First of all, Laura says that we need to listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should always listen properly before we make any assumptions or before we decide how to respond.

When we disagree with someone else, it's important to challenge the statement and not the person themselves.

Next, Andeep says that we need to respect each other's privacy.

We can discuss examples, but we shouldn't use any names or descriptions that identify anyone, including ourselves.

If we want to share a story, we can refer to someone as "my friend." This means that we're not going to give away any identifying information.

Next, Jacob says, no judgment.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged by others.

And finally, Izzy says that we can choose our level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or to join in with discussion.

We should never put anyone on the spot.

We're now going to take a look at the keyword for today's lesson.

Our keyword for today's lesson is sexual harassment.

This is unwanted words, actions, or behaviors of a sexual nature that makes someone feel uncomfortable, upset, or afraid.

Today's lesson is split into two learning cycles.

Our first learning cycle is called "What is harmful sexual behavior?" And our second learning cycle is called "Who is at risk of harmful sexual behavior?" Let's make a start on our first learning cycle.

What is harmful sexual behavior? Harmful sexual behavior, often abbreviated to HSB, is unwanted sexual actions that hurt, pressure, or make others feel unsafe or uncomfortable.

Sexual behavior is harmful if it involves others without their consent.

Threats, manipulation or coercion.

Violence, or sexual behavior with someone under the legal age of consent, which is 16.

Police Officer Paula says that harmful sexual behavior can appear in different ways.

We're now going to do a check for understanding to see how you're doing with this learning cycle so far.

Can you remember what is missing from this list? Sexual behavior is harmful if it involves others without their consent, and threats.

What's missing from this list? Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that these words and phrases were missing.

Manipulation or coercion.

Violence, and sexual behavior with someone under the legal age of consent.

If sexual behavior involves any of these, it is harmful.

Well done if you remembered this.

We're now going to talk about sexual harassment.

Sexual harassment means using sexual language, actions, or behavior towards another person, either in person or online, that makes them feel upset, uncomfortable, or unsafe.

This behavior can cause harm, even if someone says that it's just a joke.

It's never acceptable to use sexual words, gestures, or actions towards anyone.

Ms. Walsh, who's a Designated Safeguarding Lead, says that if someone experiences or witnesses this kind of behavior, they should tell a trusted adult, such as a teacher or safeguarding lead.

There's a safeguarding lead at every school.

Let's do another check for understanding.

Is this statement true or false? Sexual harassment can escalate into sexual violence.

What do you think? Is this true or false? Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is true.

It's true that unfortunately, sexual harassment can escalate into sexual violence.

We're now going to talk about pressure and how this is part of harmful sexual behavior.

All sexual activity, whether it's in person or online, should come with consent.

This means that each person involved in any sexual activity has made a free, independent, and informed decision about what they want to do.

If someone feels pressured into doing or sharing something sexual, this is harmful sexual behavior.

We're now going to talk about coercion and manipulation.

Coercion is when someone tries to persuade someone to do something by using threats or force.

And manipulation is when someone influences another person's behavior by exploiting their emotions.

Using coercion or manipulation to make someone engage in sexual behavior or to share sexual content is harmful sexual behavior.

Manipulation may look a little bit like this.

Someone saying something like, "If you really liked me, you would send me nudes." And coercion may look something like this, "If you don't send me nude pictures, I will tell everyone you did anyway." In the manipulation example, someone's emotions are being manipulated in order to do something sexual.

In the coercion example, someone is using a threat to get someone to share something sexual.

These are both examples of harmful sexual behavior.

We're now going to talk about image-based sexual abuse.

This can sometimes be called revenge porn.

This is the sharing of nude or semi-nude images, videos or sexualized messages online.

Technology-related harmful sexual behavior involves sending sexual content to others online without consent, sharing sexual images of someone else with others, and pressuring someone to send sexual images.

Viewing or sharing images of people under the age of 18 is also illegal and is also harmful sexual behavior.

We're now going to talk about upskirting and what this is, and why it is harmful sexual behavior.

Upskirting is when someone takes a photo or a video underneath another person's clothing without their consent.

Police Officer Kofi says that sharing private images of someone without their permission is a crime called image-based abuse.

Police take it seriously and it can have very serious legal consequences.

We're now going to talk about physical behavior.

So if someone touches, kisses, or makes sexual advancements towards someone without their consent, this is considered to be harmful sexual behavior.

Inappropriate touching is never acceptable.

It can make others feel unsafe, upset, and uncomfortable.

We're now going to do another check for understanding and I'd like you to complete this sentence.

Pressuring others, taking sexual images without someone knowing, for example, upskirting, and touching others inappropriately are all examples of harmful sexual behavior and are all blank acceptable.

Where I've said the word blank, can you decide which word is missing? Well done if you said that the missing word was "never." Pressuring others, taking sexual images without someone knowing, for example, upskirting, and touching others inappropriately are all examples of harmful sexual behavior and are all never acceptable.

Well done if you said the same thing.

We're now going to talk about threats or violence.

This may involve making physically threatening demands of someone or behaving aggressively to coerce them into sexual acts.

Threatening someone or physically forcing someone to do something of a sexual nature against their will is a serious crime.

We're now going to talk about age and how this can relate to harmful sexual behavior.

The law clearly defines the ages at which sexual activity is legal.

For example, in the UK, the age of consent is 16.

It's illegal to take, possess, or share nude or even semi-nude imagery of anyone under the age of 18, even with consent.

Breaking these laws is a criminal offense.

Let's do another check for understanding.

I'd like you to answer the following questions.

Number one, what is the age of consent in the UK? And for question two, I'd like you to finish this sentence.

It's illegal to take, possess, or share sexual imagery of anyone under the age of what? Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that for the first question, the age of consent in the UK is 16 years old.

And for the second question, it's illegal to take, possess, or share sexual imagery of anyone under the age of 18.

Well done if you said the same thing.

We're now going to talk about stalking.

This is a pattern of fixated, obsessive, unwanted, and repetitive behavior.

Examples of stalking behavior include but are not limited to physically following a person around, contacting them by any means, sending unwanted gifts, and using technology to track their whereabouts.

Stalking can leave a victim feeling intimidated and fearful, and it can have a serious impact on their health and day-to-day life.

Let's do another check for understanding.

Stalking is a pattern of fixated, obsessive, and what other behaviors? A, wanted behaviors.

B, unwanted behaviors.

Or C, repetitive behaviors.

What do you think? Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B and C are correct.

Stalking is a pattern of fixated, obsessive, and unwanted and repetitive behaviors.

Well done if you remembered this.

It's now time to move on to our first practice task.

And well done for your hard work in this lesson so far.

I'd like you to create a mind map in response to this question.

What is harmful sexual behavior? Pause the video and we'll go through what your mind map might look like in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what your completed mind map could look like.

You might have said that an example of harmful sexual behavior is pressuring someone into doing or sharing something of a sexual nature.

That sexual behavior is harmful if it involves others without their consent.

Threats, manipulation, or coercion.

Violence or sexual behavior with someone under the legal age of consent, which is 16.

And it can begin as sexual harassment, so sexual comments or jokes, and can escalate into sexual violence.

And stalking, for example, following a person, sending unwanted gifts, or tracking their whereabouts.

These are all examples of harmful sexual behavior.

You might have also said that harmful sexual behavior can appear in online spaces too.

For example, if someone sends sexual content to others without consent or shares images of another person to others.

Touching, kissing, or making advances on someone without their consent is an example of harmful sexual behavior.

And any sexual behavior towards or with someone below the age of 16 is a serious crime, as is possessing or sharing sexual imagery of anyone under the age of 18.

Well done if your completed mind map looked anything like this.

We're now moving on to our second learning cycle.

Who is at risk of harmful sexual behavior? Anyone can be at risk of harmful sexual behavior, but there are some groups of people who are more at risk than others.

For example, according to an Ofsted report about the experience of pupils aged 11 to 18, both girls and boys can experience HSB in online spaces, but girls may be more at risk.

Police Officer Kofi says that according to data taken from an Ofsted review in 2021, 90% of girls and nearly 50% of boys have been sent explicit pictures or videos of things that they didn't want to see.

Let's do another check for understanding to see how you're doing.

I'd like you to decide which statement is correct.

A, that everyone is equally at risk of HSB.

B, that some groups are more vulnerable than others to HSB.

Or C, that only girls experience HSB.

Which of those statements is correct? Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B is correct.

Some groups are more vulnerable than others to HSB.

Well done if you remembered this.

Harmful sexual behavior aimed towards women and girls can often be sexist in nature.

Harmful sexual behavior can reflect sexist behaviors and beliefs, such as that women are objects, that women are less valuable than men, and there can be toxic ideas around women's roles in relationships.

But men and boys can also experience HSB online.

They might be targeted with threats, pressured into sharing sexual images or videos, or become victims of unwanted sexual comments and jokes.

This can leave them feeling worried, embarrassed, or unsafe.

Police Officer Kofi says that some people experience harmful sexual behavior online which is homophobic in nature.

Homophobic means showing dislike or unfair treatment towards someone because they're gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing.

I'd like you to complete the sentence with the missing words.

Harmful sexual behavior can reflect blank behaviors and beliefs.

For example, they may be influenced by toxic ideas around women's roles in relationships.

Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Which word is missing? Well done if you said that the missing word was "sexist." Harmful sexual behavior can reflect sexist behaviors and beliefs.

For example, they may be influenced by toxic ideas around women's roles in relationships.

Well done if you said the same thing.

There are many laws in the UK that relate to harmful sexual behavior, including, as Police Officer Paula says, the Criminal Justice Act 1988, the Sexual Offences Act 2003, the Protection from Harassment Act 1997, the Equality Act 2010, and the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015.

Any behavior that breaks any of these laws is considered to be unlawful activity.

First of all, we're going to talk about the Criminal Justice Act 1988.

Police Officer Paula says that this law makes it a criminal offense to possess any nude or semi-nude images of someone under the age of 18.

Anyone found with images of an under-18 in their possession is in breach of this law, even if they're under 18 themselves and even if the images were given with consent.

The punishment for breaking this law may be imprisonment.

We're now going to talk about the Sexual Offences Act 2003.

And Police Officer Paula says that this law relates to engaging in sexual activity without consent.

This law covers incredibly serious offenses, and the punishments for breaking this law reflect that.

Someone could face imprisonment from anywhere between six months and life.

We're now going to talk about the Protection from Harassment Act 1997.

Police officer Paula says that this law protects people from stalking and harassment.

When someone repeatedly behaves in a way that makes another person feel distressed, scared or threatened, it may be a criminal offense and should be reported.

If someone is found guilty, the offender could face up to 10 years imprisonment.

Next, we're going to talk about the Equality Act 2010.

Police Officer Paula says that this law covers sexual harassment of someone based on a protected characteristic, such as sex or sexual orientation, in places like work and school.

There can be serious consequences if an individual or an organization is found to be in breach of the Equality Act.

We're now going to talk about the Criminal Justice and Courts Acts 2015.

Police Officer Paula says that this law makes it a criminal offense to share sexualized content with someone else with the intention to upset them and without the other person's consent.

Being found guilty of this offense is punishable with a fine, two years imprisonment, or both.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing.

What is a potential punishment for breaking the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015? Is it A, community service? B, two years imprisonment and a fine? Or C, lifetime imprisonment? What do you think? Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B is correct.

If someone breaks the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015, they could receive two years imprisonment and a fine.

Well done if you remembered this.

If you are ever concerned about HSB, it's important that you speak to a trusted adult.

Police Officer Paula tells us that you can also call the police on the non-emergency number on 101.

If you feel that your immediate safety is in danger or that someone else is in immediate danger as well, you must call 999.

Let's do another check for understanding.

I'd like you to decide if this statement is true or false.

There can be serious consequences for the perpetrators of harmful sexual behavior.

What do you think? Is this true or false? Pause the video, talk to the people around you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is true.

It's true that there can be serious consequences for the perpetrators of harmful sexual behavior.

Well done if you remembered this.

We're now moving on to our final practice task.

And well done for your hard work in this lesson up until this point.

For this task, I'd like you to answer the following questions.

Number one, who is at risk of harmful sexual behavior? Number two, what are some of the laws relating to harmful sexual behavior? And number three, what could you do if you're concerned about harmful sexual behavior? Pause the video and we'll go through what you might have said in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

For question number one, who is at risk of harmful sexual behavior? You might have said that anyone can be a victim of harmful sexual behavior, but some groups are more at risk than others.

For example, according to an Ofsted report, both girls and boys can experience HSB in online spaces, but girls may be more at risk.

For question number two, what are some of the laws relating to harmful sexual behavior? You might have said that there are several laws relating to harmful sexual behavior.

For example, the Criminal Justice Act 1988, which states that possessing inappropriate images of someone under the age of 18 is a crime.

Additionally, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 states that engaging in sexual activity with someone without their consent is a crime punishable with life imprisonment.

A further example is the Equality Act 2010, which makes sexual harassment in the workplace or at school a crime.

You might have said for the question, what could you do if you're concerned about harmful sexual behavior? You might have said that you could speak to a trusted adult at home or at school if you're concerned.

You could also speak to the police on the non-emergency number 101.

And if you're concerned about your immediate safety or you feel as if you're in danger, you should call 999.

Well done if your answers looked anything like this.

We're now going to summarize the key learning from today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we've learnt that harmful sexual behavior is inappropriate sexual behavior which is harmful and abusive.

Forms of HSB include upskirting, coercion, manipulation, threats, sexual harassment, physical behavior, stalking, and sending unwanted sexual content without consent.

Anyone can be at risk of HSB, but some groups are more vulnerable than others.

There are many laws in the UK that relate to HSB, including the Equality Act 2010 and the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015.

If you're concerned about harmful sexual behavior, you should speak to a trusted adult or contact the police if someone is in danger.

During this lesson, you might have found that you've got some worries or questions, and if you do, it's really important that you share these with a trusted adult.

There's also some resources on the screen that are there to help you too.

Well done for your hard work in today's lesson.

I hope to see you again soon.