Hello, I'm Miss T, and welcome to our lesson today on stomach illness and that's part of our unit on Staying safe and healthy: How do I maintain physical health? Today's outcome is, I can describe symptoms of common stomach illnesses, how to treat myself at home, and when to seek medical help.

Before we get started on today's lesson, it's really important that we think about the ground rules that we follow when we're having discussions in our classrooms. We've got Laura firstly saying, "Listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before making assumptions or deciding how to respond.

And when we disagree, we challenge the statement.

We don't challenge the person." We've got Jacob saying, "No judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged." Andeep tells us to respect privacy.

He says, "We can discuss examples, but we do not use names or descriptions that could identify anyone, including ourselves." And finally, Izzy reminds us to choose the level of participation that is right for us.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or join a discussion.

We never put anyone on the spot.

So with those in mind, let's get started with today's lesson.

We've got five keywords today to look out for.

Our first one is indigestion, which is when you experience discomfort or pain in the stomach, and that's associated with difficulty in digesting food.

We've got the word gastroenteritis, which is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often causing vomiting and diarrhoea.

Hygiene, which is practises that help maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.

We've got the word hydration, which means maintaining an adequate amount of water in the body to support its functions.

And finally, the phrase over-the-counter medicines.

And these are medicines available without a prescription and they can help to relieve symptoms of common illnesses.

As we go through the lesson, see if you can see where these words are being used and see if you can use them in your own responses.

As part of our lesson today on stomach illness, we've got two lesson outlines.

The first one, what are the different types of stomach illnesses? And the second one being, how are different stomach illnesses treated? So let's get started with our first lesson outline.

So we've got our lesson beginning with Izzy who says, "I had heartburn and I felt really full and bloated after my dinner last night." And Alex replies, "Did you eat really quickly?" And Izzy says, "Yes, I was really hungry, but I think I may have given myself indigestion!" You can see one of our keywords there.

And Dr.

Elsie comes back and she says, "Izzy is right, it does sound like she had indigestion.

This is probably from eating a large meal too quickly.

Sometimes, indigestion can also lead to heartburn, feeling nauseous, burping, or bringing up bitter tasting fluids into your mouth from your stomach." And that's sometimes referred to as stomach acid.

Indigestion happens when the stomach acid irritates the stomach lining or moves back up the oesophagus to the throat.

It's also sometimes called acid reflux.

And so as you can see here on our diagram, we've got our throat, our oesophagus, our stomach, and the intestine, and we see that that stomach acid travels all the way back up to the throat, causing that heartburn, that sense of feeling nauseous, and that kind of pain that we associate with indigestion.

Indigestion can be caused by lots of different things.

These include eating certain food or drink, kind of often caffeine, chocolate, spicy or fatty foods, eating large meals, eating quickly, stress and anxiety can sometimes also cause indigestion, some medicines as well, like ibuprofen for example.

And Dr.

Elsie says here that other factors that can cause indigestion include smoking or being overweight.

Some people who are pregnant may also experience this.

So in this check for understanding, of these three images, which of these is most likely to cause indigestion? Is it chocolate, caffeine, or milk? Pause your screen while you think about your answer.

If you decided that the two foods most likely to cause indigestion were A, chocolate and B, caffeine, then you'd be correct.

Well done.

So the three most common stomach illnesses are indigestion, food poisoning, and gastroenteritis.

And you can see one of our keywords being used in that list there.

Nurse Daniel says that these are all unpleasant to have, but food poisoning and gastroenteritis can have more severe symptoms than indigestion.

Not all stomach illnesses are from food poisoning.

There are a range of different illnesses that can make you feel unwell.

Food poisoning happens when you eat something that has been contaminated, which means to be made dirty.

Food can be contaminated through poor hygiene practises such as not being prepared by clean hands or being made on surfaces that are not clean.

You can also get food poisoning if the food is not being cooked properly, reheated properly, or stored correctly, so not kept frozen or chilled as it should be.

When that happens, germs can contaminate food and release toxins in the stomach, causing food poisoning.

And here we've got that microscopic view of germs. Gastroenteritis is a short-term illness that is caused by infection or inflammation of the digestive system.

The word gastro means from the stomach.

And the second part of that word, enteritis, means inflammation of the intestine.

Gastroenteritis is common but can cause unpleasant symptoms like diarrhoea and vomiting.

It is usually caused by bacteria that can multiply quickly, viruses that can be harmful, and these bacteria and viruses can cause an infection in the gut.

This can inflame the stomach and make someone feel really unwell.

Laura says, "What happens when you have gastroenteritis?" And Dr.

Elsie replies, "Gastroenteritis normally only lasts a few days, but can cause diarrhoea.

This is normally watery, but can sometimes be bloody.

If you do have blood in your diarrhoea or if this symptom is persistent, this means that you may have a different, more severe infection and you should see a doctor." So the three main stomach illnesses have different symptoms. For indigestion, someone might feel nausea, heartburn, and that bitter tasting fluid in your mouth, that stomach acid that's come back up again.

Food poisoning might give someone a high temperature, might give them nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea, and have a lack of energy and aching muscles.

Gastroenteritis can cause nausea or vomiting, quite strong abdominal pain and cramps, and diarrhoea.

So in this check for understanding, can you identify which of the following conditions may cause heartburn? Is it indigestion, food poisoning, or gastroenteritis? Pause your screen while you think about your answer.

Well done.

If you identified that the condition of heartburn is caused by indigestion, then you would be correct.

Well done.

So in Task A, we're gonna ask you to use your learning so far to answer the following questions.

But when you do, try to include specific examples in your answers.

So question one, what are the most common stomach illnesses? Question two, what causes indigestion and what are the symptoms? Number three, what causes food poisoning and what are the symptoms? And number four, what causes gastroenteritis and what are the symptoms? Pause your screen while you think about your response and remember, try to include specific examples in your answers.

You should have been using your prior learning to answer the questions, and your answers may have looked like this.

The most common stomach illnesses are indigestion, food poisoning, and gastroenteritis.

Indigestion can be caused by eating certain foods, large meals, eating quickly, stress and anxiety, and some medicines.

It can cause nausea, heartburn, or you may taste a bitter fluid in your mouth.

Food poisoning is caused when you eat something that has been contaminated with germs. It can cause a high temperature, aching muscles, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

And finally, you may have said that gastroenteritis is caused by bacteria or a virus, and the symptoms include nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps, and diarrhoea.

So well done if that's what your answer looked like.

We're now going to move on to our second lesson outline for today.

How are the different stomach illnesses treated? So stomach illnesses are very common and they normally clear up within a few days, and Dr.

Elsie says that there are a range of home treatments that you can use can to help yourself feel better and to speed up that recovery.

She says that the most important way to help yourself feel better is to maintain good levels of hydration.

You should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and should replace the fluids that you may have lost through vomiting or diarrhoea.

Plain carbohydrates like bread are a really good food to start with when you start to feel hungry again.

Water is the best fluid to help hydration, but soup and fruit juice could also provide energy as you recover.

Over-the-counter medicines can be helpful for some symptoms of stomach illness.

These over-the-counter medicines can be bought from a pharmacy and you can ask advice from a pharmacist about which medicine would be most helpful.

You must get supervision from a trusted adult to ensure you take the right dosage at the right times.

And Pharmacist Harper here says that most stores will only sell over-the-counter medicines to someone 16 or over.

You must always follow the dosage instructions given by the pharmacist, and these are normally always written on the label.

There are lots of other at-home treatments that you can use to treat a stomach illness.

For heartburn, you could try to eat smaller, more frequent meals instead of larger meals further apart.

You should really try to avoid eating three to four hours before bed to allow your body to digest your food before you lie down.

Try and avoid foods that trigger the symptoms. Everybody's different, and we might respond differently to different foods.

You can also use over-the-counter medicines like antacid, because that can help to ease the heartburn.

To treat a temperature, try to rest, because temperatures don't last long but can make you feel really tired.

Paracetamol can help, but again, this must be taken under the supervision of an adult.

And to improve those aches and pains, rest is the most important thing because this helps muscles to recover and feel better.

Try and maintain good hydration because that helps our muscles too.

And finally, ibuprofen can help, but again, must be taken under the supervision of an adult.

So in this check for understanding, can you change two of the words to correct this sentence? The sentence says, "Eating larger, less frequent meals can help to prevent symptoms of indigestion." Pause your screen while you write this sentence, changing two of the words to correct the sentence.

So if you change the two words in this sentence to smaller and more, then you'd be correct.

So your sentence should read, "Eating smaller, more frequent meals can help to prevent symptoms of indigestion." So Dr.

Elsie says here that vomiting and diarrhoea are particularly unpleasant symptoms for stomach illness.

These normally don't last long, but can make someone feel very unwell.

If these symptoms persist, then it is important to seek advice from a doctor.

Ways to treat vomiting can include drinking plenty of fluids, particularly water, to help maintain hydration, getting plenty of rest, and only eating if you feel like it.

Small amounts of plain foods like soup, rice, pasta, and bread can be helpful.

Pharmacist Harper says that rehydration drinks made from powdered sachets can be bought from pharmacies for symptoms of dehydration, including dark urine or a very dry mouth.

These can help to replace the salt and water lost through vomiting and in diarrhoea.

Anti-vomiting medication is also available in pharmacies, but it is advisable to seek advice from a GP or pharmacist because these are not suitable for everyone.

Diarrhoea can make someone feel very unwell, and you can help to improve the symptoms by taking small sips of water to stay hydrated.

Make sure that you avoid sugary drinks because this can make it worse.

Getting plenty of rest and avoiding being in contact with others for 48 hours.

This is to prevent passing the illness on, and this might mean staying away from school or from work.

Some anti-diarrhea medication is available, but this is not normally suitable for children.

Make sure that you speak to a pharmacist for advice.

Dr.

Elsie says that generally diarrhoea does not last long, but you must see a doctor if this lasts more than a few days, if there is blood in the diarrhoea, if you feel extremely weak, dizzy, or lightheaded, or if you experience severe abdominal pain.

We can try to avoid stomach illnesses caused by contamination by doing lots of different things to improve our hygiene.

That means having good hygiene that includes washing hands regularly, especially after sneezing or coughing using the bathroom and before eating, wiping down surfaces, disinfecting doorknobs and keyboards, and using hand sanitizer after touching objects in a public place, and avoiding food that is undercooked or is out of date.

All of those can help to prevent passing on bacteria or a virus that might cause a stomach illness.

So in this check for understanding, is it true or false? A common way to get a stomach illness is through ingesting germs from contaminated surfaces.

Pause your screen while you think about your answer.

So you are debating whether this statement was true or false.

A common way to get a stomach illness is through ingesting germs from contaminated surfaces.

And the answer to that was true.

So moving on to Task B now.

We've got Lucas and Aisha here, and they've got some statements that contain misconceptions, so things that they've got wrong.

Can you rewrite both of these statements so that they are correct? Lucas says, "If you have a stomach illness and vomit, it is important not to drink water as this will continue to make you be sick.

As soon as you are sick, you should also see a doctor." Aisha says, "It is fine to go to school if you have diarrhoea, you just need to make sure that you wash your hands regularly.

Drinking fluids is important, and sugary drinks can help to replenish your energy." So read through those statements again, see if you can identify where the misconceptions are, and rewrite them so that they are correct.

So you should have looked at Lucas and Aisha's statements to identify those misconceptions, and you may have rewritten them like this.

Lucas is now saying, "If you have a stomach illness and vomit, it is important to drink water, as this will help to replace fluids that you've lost, and maintaining good hydration can help recovery." It says, "You should also see a doctor if you're still being sick after a few days." You don't need to go immediately.

Aisha says now, "You should avoid contact with others for 48 hours if you have diarrhoea.

You should wash your hands regularly, even when you are well.

And drinking fluids is important, but stick with water and avoid sugary drinks as this can prolong the symptoms." So in summary, stomach illnesses are very common and generally clear up in a few days.

The three most common illnesses are indigestion, food poisoning, and gastroenteritis.

These can have a range of symptoms, which can include diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, heartburn, a temperature, or aches and pains.

There are multiple self-care treatments that you can do to feel better from stomach illnesses, such as rest and maintaining good levels of hydration.

There are also some over-the-counter medicines that may help, but these should always be taken under the supervision of an adult.

And finally, maintaining good hygiene practises like washing hands and cleaning surfaces is a good way to help prevent ingesting bacteria that can cause stomach illness.

Well done for your contributions today.

If you want any more information or support on physical health, you can visit the NHS Live Well site, which just gives you advice about healthy eating and exercise, or the NHS website, which can give you general advice about health and prevention and include how to access their different services.