when energy transfers from high to low temperature

the property of a material that determines how much energy needs to be transferred to it to increase its temperature

the energy a substance has because of the random motion of its particles

Energy and substance

Science

Measuring temperature

Changing temperature

Mixing substances of different temperatures

Cooling

Thermal conductors

Thermal insulators

Energy and temperature

In the Particle explanations of density and pressure unit, they will build on this knowledge to learn how the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases explain density, pressure, floating and convection.

In the Solids, liquids, gases and changes of state unit, pupils learnt to categorise solids, liquids and gases, how the particles are arranged and moving in each state and what happens to particles during a change of state.

This unit explains energy transfer between objects due to temperature differences, through conduction or radiation, the role of insulators, and thermal equilibrium. It covers particle arrangements and motions in solids, liquids, and gases and Brownian motion.

Heating and cooling

Physical activity and equipment requiring safe use

a substance made out of identical particles with the same mass

energy needs to be transferred to a substance to increase its temperature.

Specific heat capacity is the property of a material that determines how much...

Why do particles in mixtures move at different speeds?

Starting with the least energy, put these in order of the energy in their thermal energy store:

Three metals balls of equal mass are heated in the oven for the same amount of time. Which metal has the lowest specific heat capacity?

Matter is made of particles that are in constant motion.

Matter is made of tiny, unmovable particles.

the energy an object has due to its temperature

Which of these cause the energy in the thermal energy store to decrease?

The particles vibrate backwards and forwards more slowly.

The particles vibrate backwards and forwards faster.

The particles vibrate backwards and forwards at the same speed.

What happens to the particles a liquid is made of when it is cooled down to a lower temperature?

Starting with the least energy, put these in order of the energy in their thermal energy store.

It is transferred to cooler objects in contact with it.

What happens to the energy a cup of tea has in the thermal store as it cools down?

Energy and substance

Lesson outcome

Content guidance