When a substance transfers energy in from the surroundings, e.g. melting, boiling and evaporating.

When a substance transfers energy out to the surroundings by heating, e.g. condensing and freezing.

Heating and cooling

Science

Cooling curve: practical

Exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions

Comparing fuels

Power stations

Using renewable energy resources

In the Carbon Cycle and Climate Change unit, pupils will build on their understanding of fuels and energetics to learn about the carbon cycle and the impact of human activity on climate.

In the Understanding chemical reactions unit, pupils learnt about how atoms move around to form new substances in chemical reactions and about some common types of chemical reactions.

This unit examines energy changes in state, exothermic and endothermic reactions, and energy transfers in various processes. It emphasises objectivity, accuracy, and precision in scientific enquiries, data interpretation, and the use of tables, graphs, and reliable methods.

Fuels and energetics

When energy is transferred out from a substance to its surroundings, this process is termed...

Which thermometer shows the temperature at which water is in the liquid state?

Evaporation is an endothermic process because energy is transferred from the surroundings into the substance. 

particles are in fixed positions, and vibrate more

particles becoming randomly arranged and can move

particles in liquid state move past each other and faster

energy used to overcome liquid particle attractive forces

particles in gas state use energy to move faster

Match the statements below to what is happening in terms of energy, particle movement and particle arrangement as a substance is heated over time.

Starting in the liquid state, if a substance's  particles increase in energy while its temperature remains constant, what change is happening? Give a one-word answer.

What is the state of water at room temperature (about 20°C)?

Which of these is **not** a characteristic of a solid state substance?

What happens to the volume of a substance when it condenses?

How does the energy of particles compare between a block of ice at -10°C and a glass of water at 20°C?

Heating and cooling

Lesson outcome