Lesson video

Hello, hello, hello.

I'm Mr. Hutchinson and this is geography.

Welcome back, we've been learning all about population.

If you haven't watched the first lesson in this unit of work, then pop back in and look at our first lesson.

For those of you who have, welcome back, we took a big picture look at population.

We looked at the population of the world, population density, we took a closer look at the UK and how people, how population is distributed across the UK.

And we saw how population's changed over time, both across the world and within the UK.

And in today's lesson, we're going to be looking a little bit about why the population changes.

So our big question for today is why does population change? What's the factors that are involved, the things that influence or cause population change? That's what we're going to be answering today.

Before we do that, make sure that you've done the quiz.

It's really important to do that pre-quiz.

Have you done it? Well done if you did it, really, really proud of you and if you get them wrong it's absolutely fine.

The quizzing process helps these facts to already get quick in your brain and makes all of the learning much easier because you've got that stuff there ready to go.

So pause the video and do the quiz if you haven't already.

Awesome, now we're ready to go.

As always, please make sure that you have got a nice quiet place, take a deep breath in.

So you can just focus on this lesson and you can know you're going to get all the way to the end of this lesson.

Know that you're learning along with thousands of other students who all want to find out lots about population and geography, and our lessons are going to look like this.

First of all, we're going to learn some specialist geographical vocabulary.

So as a discipline, geography's got sort of its own language, its own special words that uses to describe the world around us and we're going to, for us to be successful and describe the world like geographers we are goin to learn a little bit of that vocab.

We'll then explore some of the factors that affect population and think about how they affect population.

Whether they make population grow or shrink or stay steady.

We'll then look at how the UK's population has changed, especially over the last hundred and 200 years.

How the UK population changed? And that we are transfer and unit quiz.

Please make sure you're nicely organised.

You will need something to write on.

Don't just watch these videos and listen and make sure you're pausing and completing the tasks, that will help you to learn.

It's so much better, if you just listen then the chances are you'll forget a lot of what I talked to you about.

If you pause, write things down, your brain has chance to process it.

It makes it more likely to retain that knowledge.

So you need a pen, something to write on and it will be helpful today if you have a ruler, if you don't have a ruler, then you just make sure you've got something straight.

That'll be really helpful for some of the tasks today.

So if you need to pause the video and get all of that ready, get rid of any distractions 'cause you're going to finish this whole lesson and you're going to do a great job.

Great, we're ready to go.

So our first big question, or our first part of this lesson is all about specialist, geographical vocabulary we're going to learn.

So there are people all around the world, the population all around the world there are people and we described population using a special kind of language.

So we might need to talk for example, about the birth rate.

The birth rate is how many people are being born per 1000 people per year.

That's what scientists and geographers use to measure birth rates.

See how many people are being born.

And that could be at local level so you could look at the birth rate over a country or even a town.

And you could look at it at a much bigger level, like our whole continent or even the whole world.

What's the birth rate? And that can change over time.

Alongside the birth rate, another key thing that we need to think about for population is the death rate, the other side of that.

So how many people are dying per thousand people per year? If more people are being born than dying, then the population will increase and that's called a natural increase, when there are more births than deaths per year.

On the other hand, we could have a natural decrease and remember, we can look at this we can look through various levels, so we can look the population of a local group and these measures of a local group or we can look at it a much bigger group so we can have a natural increase in that population or a natural decrease depending on the birth versus deaths.

I keep using this word population and it's the name of our unit, so what does it mean? Well, the population is just how many people live in a particular place and you define that place.

So you could say what's the population of my school? What's the population of my town? What's the population of my county? What's population of my country? What's the population of Europe? What's population of the world? It's how many people are living there right now.

That's what population means.

And the last piece of technical vocabulary we'll need to investigate this is life expectancy.

So the average age that a person is expected to live and that can change over time and it can change based on different kinds of factors.

Okay, so have a moment to look through that, make sure you're clear with those definitions 'cause I'm going to test you on them now to make sure you've got them really good in your head because you're going to need, you need to use these for the rest of our lesson.

Ready to go? Awesome, so first of all, birth rate, when there are more deaths than birth, so the population shrinks, that's not right? Ah, I've jumbled all of these up that's why, the terms on the left-hand side and the definitions on the right hand side are all jumbled.

So your job now is to write down the terms. So the terms, the words that we're using the vocabulary and then next to them I'd like you to write down the vocabulary.

Now you could write it down like it's on the screen at the moment and use lines to link them up.

Or you could just write the definition with the correct piece of vocabulary next to it, free choice, but see if you can unjumble them and see if you can remember the correct definition of these key words, because we're going to need them and you need to know them really well.

Pause the video now and have a go at that task.

Great, finished? Well done.

Well done for working so hard.

Good use of the pause.

So let's see if you got these correct.

I'm going to show you the answers now.

I'm going to join them up using lines.

So first of all, the birth rate, the birth rate was the number of births per a thousand per a thousand people per year.

The death rate the number of deaths per thousand people, per year, that's how it's measured.

A natural increase is when the population increases, there are more people in a particular place because there are more births than deaths.

Natural decrease is the opposite.

When more people are dying than being born for various different reasons, so the population gets smaller over time, the population is just how many people are living somewhere at any given time and life expectancy, the average age of a, that a person is expected to live to.

Great, we've got those locked in.

We're ready to use that language in the other tasks that I give you, well done, you're already a much more sophisticated geographer, and you're already learning the language of geography which is so important, great work.

So what sorts of factors do affect population? Well, before I reveal these to you I'm going to throw it out to you.

So population is how many people are living in a place at one time and it can change over time.

So take a moment just to pause the video and jot down as many different things that might affect the population of somewhere.

So I've done one for you for example, it could be the improving healthcare affects the population.

It could affect the birth rate or the death rate or the life expectancy.

So as healthcare gets better, people will live longer and that will affect the life expectancy.

As health care gets better then birth rate also increases because more survive, fewer people will die because there's better health care available to them.

So this will affect the population.

What are the other factors as well as improving health care that might affect the population? Make as big a list as you can.

I've got lots and lots of factors ready to share with you.

So you make as big a list as you can, and you can use bullet points like that, pause the video and make your list of factors now.

Great, how many have you got? Take a look at your list.

How many have you got written down there? More than five? Well done, if you've got more than five, very impressive.

Well then 10? If you've got more than 10, then my gosh, you are superstar.

Well done.

Let's look at the ones that I got.

So I put down that there could be improved healthcare that would affect population, disease would affect population, war, if there's more food available, drought so if there's not much rain in a place, if there's a lack of clean water in a place then that would affect the population, lack of healthcare, improving hygiene might affect it.

The changing status of women and the changing social attitudes.

We're going to get to that when we talk about the changing population in UK, 'cause you might be thinking, how does that affect population? How people think about society? I'll explain exactly why later.

Improving sanitation, the sanitation is the way that we move water around a place, especially wastewater.

So dirty water away from somewhere and clean water into a place.

And infant mortality rates, so infant is children, especially very small children.

Mortality is to do with death.

And so a long time ago, very sadly, babies may well die early on.

Now, that's very, very rare for babies to die because medicine and healthcare has got so good that almost all babies survive which means that the mortality rate, the infant mortality rate is very, very low and that affects population.

Okay, so how do these things affect population? In fact, pause the video and add to your list.

Yes, so first pause the video and add to your list to make sure you've got a really comprehensive list with all of these factors plus any actually that you got that I missed.

Awesome, so we're now going to think, we've got the factors now we're going to think, well, how do these affect population? We know what affects population, how do they affect population? So let's give it a go.

I've got a table, so I've got those factors there and I've got a little bit of a table here for you and I've just taken one of the factors.

Okay? So you'll see I've taken improved healthcare.

So I've taken this one factor and I've put it in a table.

So you're going to need to draw this table, which has got some different headings.

It's got the factor, it's got birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, and population.

Take a moment to, take a moment to pause the video and this is why I said you needed a ruler, draw this table out so that you're ready to think about each of these different factors.

Okay? So pause the video and draw out that table.

So you're ready to do the next task.

Awesome, got it in front of you? Don't think, oh, I'll just listen instead, draw all the table, okay? It's going to really help you to think about this, which means that you remember it more.

We remember what we think about.

Okay, so we've got improved healthcare.

That's one that I've chosen, you can choose any one, choose one factor and then think, how does this affect the birth rate? If there's better healthcare, how would that affect the birthrate? Well, I'm going to put, use an arrow to see whether it will make it go up or down or stay the same.

I think that actually an improving healthcare system might make the birth rate lower.

Now you might be thinking Mr. Hutchinson, what are you talking about? Improving healthcare, how does that make the birth rate, how many children are born, how does it make that lower? Well, I'll get to that in a moment.

The death rate, I think will also get lower as healthcare improves.

I think life expectancy will increase and overall the population will therefore increase.

Fewer people are dying, people are living longer, I think the population will increase.

So when I said, I think the birth rate will get lower because of the improved healthcare system, you might have been a bit puzzled and thinking that doesn't make much sense to me.

That's okay.

It is a bit counter-intuitive.

It goes against what you might think, but this is why, this is why I think that previously when healthcare was very poor and the infant mortality rate was quite high, it meant that people had more babies.

If they weren't sure whether their baby would survive because babies would often sadly die of different kinds of sicknesses or diseases, then people would have lots of babies.

Now because almost all babies survive into childhood and adulthood, it means that people don't need to have so many babies.

So the birth rate actually goes down.

I'm going to write a little note next to my death rate as well to explain it.

So don't just draw the arrows, write a little note, it doesn't need to be in detail.

It can be in note form, a little note of why you think improved healthcare will make the death rate lower.

Well, fewer people die from illness and disease with better healthcare, fewer people die from illness and disease.

That's why the death rate gets lower.

What about the life expectancy? Well people will live longer and they're more likely to survive disease, so get into older age, much older age, maybe into their 70s or 80s or even 90s or live to over a hundred with really good healthcare.

And so overall the population will increase as more people live into old age.

Now that would affect the kind of population because we're having an older population and we'll get to that in our next lesson.

This is so interesting.

So, so many different things to think about.

So what I'd like you to do now is this same sort of analysis.

This is a really good chance to think really hard about these different factors, choose, so you can do as many of these as you like, but choose one of the factors, put it in the table in factors, and then say how this will affect the birth rate, how it'll affect the death rate, how it'll affect life expectancy and how it will affect the population.

You can copy mine if you just want one to get started with but pause the video and write as many of those factors and how they affect population now.

Awesome work.

I'd love to see that at the end.

I'll explain how you can share the work so that I can, I can read it, 'cause I'd love to see all of your work.

You're not the only one doing it.

There's thousands of children all doing that work.

So I'd love for you to share that, for you to see other people.

So I'll explain this bit about how that can happen at the end.

We thought about how different kinds of factors affect populations.

So let's take it to our context of the UK and look at how the United kingdom's population has changed.

Well, one of the big events that really changed in UK's population was something that happened about 250 years ago.

About 250 years ago, there was the industrial revolution usually taken between 1760 and 1840 and from 1840 onwards, there was this industrial revolution.

What does that mean? Well, people before then largely lived in rural areas.

They largely lived in the countryside and their jobs was largely around farming, agriculture, about 1760, a number of discoveries were made.

A number of new processes were made.

So we learned how to burn coal to make steam and how to make steam engines.

We learnt how to pump water out of mines to make more coal.

We started to build much bigger railways.

We started to make factories with big production lines, again, powered by that coal.

We started to make textiles all together.

So rather than somebody just knitting one jumper for somebody in their family, we made huge textile factories with massive machines that could pump out clothing and textiles at a much greater rate than any one person.

This period called the industrial revolution.

And it completely changed the way that the UK's population was.

So for example, the population in the UK in 1811 was about 18 million, by 1851 the population had grown to 27 million people in the UK.

Because of the industrial revolution, more people moved into cities, okay? Because that's where the factories were.

So by 1851, over 50% of the population in the UK was living in towns and cities.

Like I said, before, people were largely living in the countryside, in villages, in quite small settlements, quite small communities, after, with the industrial revolution, people wanted to move to these cities and move to the towns because they knew that they would have work all year long 'cause the factories were open all year long.

They would have guaranteed work every day and so they thought if I moved to a city that will be more secure, and that we are more secure income for me.

Some of those cities like London grew hugely.

So London almost doubled in this period between 1811 and 1851, the population of London grew from 1.

5 million to 2.

5 million.

So an extra million people in just one generation in that city, almost doubling in size.

So that talks a little bit about how the population of the UK changed from 1760 onwards.

We'll talk a little bit about from 1900 onwards in a moment, but that period from sort of 1760 to about 1900 we see an explosion in population thanks to the industrial revolution.

So you've got some, you got lots of facts there, let's see if we can weave that into a paragraph so you can apply those.

So I'd like you to complete these following sentences which will give you a paragraph.

First of all finish this sentence, during the 1800s or the 19th century, the population of the UK, finish that sentence.

Many people moved from living in rural areas like the countryside to, mm what do we call those areas where there's more towns and cities and built areas? Because, don't get to a reason, why did they move to those kinds of new areas? And the population of London, what happened to the population of London? I'll give you a few clues at the bottom.

You might be looking at it and thinking, I can't quite remember everything.

I'm going to put some clues up in a moment.

If you think you can complete this without the clues, well done, pause the video now and do it.

If you want a few clues, no problem at all.

Let me put them up for you.

The year 1811, the year 1851, increased, decreased, urban, rural, 1.

5 million, 1.

2 million, 18 million, 27 million.

Try to include as many of those words and numbers as you can in your answer, pause the video and finish the sentence to write your paragraph now.

Great work, well done everybody.

I'm very proud of you.

Now I can't mark your work because normally when I'm in a classroom, I can obviously get my pen out and start marking out.

Unfortunately, I can't do that partially because there's thousands of you and partially because we're in different places.

What I can do is I can write, well, I can write a really good example and then you, I would delegate the responsibility of teacher to you.

So delegate me, I'll make you a teacher.

I'll make you an honorary teach to mark your own work.

Now if you need to do that, you need to see what a really good one looks like.

So I've written one for you.

It looks like this.

My answer is during the 1800s, the population of the UK increased rapidly rising to 27 million people by 1851.

In 1811, the population was just 18 million.

Many people lived from living in, moved from living in rural areas to large cities and urban areas because there was more work available.

This was the result of the huge number of factories being built during the industrial revolution.

The population of London in particular grew massively, almost doubling from 1.

5 million to 2.

5 million.

Okay, how did you do compared to that? Pause the video.

Tick, if you got similar ideas, tick them cause well done.

I'm really impressed with you.

If you miss some bits, no problem.

Now's the time to pause and improve your answer.

You should have high standards for yourself.

Don't settle for anything less than the very best of yourself.

So pause the video and make your answer amazing now by adding in any bits that you missed.

Great work, so that tells us about how from sort of 1760 to about 1900, how the population changed because of the industrial revolution, very important period of history.

What about more recently? What over the last, what about over the last hundred years or so? What has the population in the UK been like? Well, let's take a closer look at that.

First I'm going to put a picture of one of my heroes up here.

This is Millicent Fawcett, who campaigned for women's rights.

And this statue is opposite the Houses of Parliament in Westminster, it's opposite where the laws are made.

And for a long time women didn't have equal rights.

So women were essentially treated as property of man and property of their husbands.

They weren't allowed to vote.

Their ability to work was usually reduced.

They weren't allowed to study in universities.

There were no equal rights and campaigners like Millicent Fawcett, Emily Pankhurst said, this is not okay.

We need equality.

Now of course today, we all believe in equality and it is horrible to us to imagine that somebody wouldn't be allowed to go to a university because they are woman, that is ridiculous to us now, but it's only thanks to people like Millicent Fawcett that we think it's ridiculous.

And so that statue stands opposite the Houses of Parliament where you can see that she's steely, steely staring with dignity but huge determination staring at the Houses of Parliament saying, don't you forget you need to make fair rules and her sign says courage calls to courage everywhere.

Her courage called to courage, to women all over the country.

And what that meant was social attitudes really started to change.

So now the birth rate in the UK, the number of people being born is relatively low.

Okay, the number of babies being born, so each woman is likely to have about one and a half babies.

And obviously you can't have one and a half babies, but the average is about one and a half babies and that's quite low compared to how many babies women would have in the past.

So the birth rates in the UK are currently quite low, meaning that our population is quite stable.

One of the reasons for this is the emancipation, emancipation means breaking free.

If you're given emancipation means you're freedom and the emancipation of women at the start of the 20th century, although there wasn't really full emancipation of women in terms of rights until well into the 1920s and 30s and we still don't have equal rights for, but we still don't, although there are equal legal rights, we still don't have full equality between men and women.

Women are still paid less on average for example, than men even in similar jobs, but at the start of the 1900s women were freed legally and in terms of many sort of things like voting rights and during the First World War in terms of job rights, there's an emancipation, a freeing of women.

And what that meant was social attitudes started to change.

What people thought about what was acceptable and not acceptable changed.

So people started to change their mind and say, it's okay for a woman to go and do a job.

It's okay for women to go to university.

It's okay for a woman not to have a husband.

It's okay for a woman to choose not to have children or not to have so many children or have children later.

And those are family choices that people are still making today.

So, now people might make the decision that, a family might make a decision that we actually only want one child, or maybe we don't want any children at all.

We, if we didn't have children we'd have more money for example, and we could go on nicer holidays and we can enjoy our life together.

So a couple might decide, we want to enjoy our life together and we don't want to have a child.

And socially that's far, far more acceptable now where people think, oh, that's okay, that's your choice and that's a choice you've made, cool.

Whereas previously that choice wasn't as available and socially people would frown upon people like that and look down on them.

Working patterns are also changing.

So people are working longer hours and both people in a partnership, so in a couple, both people are more likely to be going to work whereas previously there was traditionally, there was a man and a woman and the man would go to work and the woman would stay at home where she would have children, look after children.

That's changed massively now.

So obviously same-sex marriage is, has been legalised, which means that we could have a couple of two men or two women.

It means that you could have a man and a woman where both are going to work and that's far more common and that means that having a baby might be left until later, as both people build their career up and want to do really well in their career and get promoted before they focus on looking after a child.

So these changing working patterns also affect population.

It's only in the last 50 years or so that we've had reliable contraception, which means that if a couple don't want to have a child, they have a reliable way of making sure that they don't have a child.

They don't have a child by accident.

So contraception is more widely available.

It's more reliable and again, there's less social stigma around using contraception.

There's much better healthcare available in the UK, which means that the birth rates are currently low as we talked about earlier, people don't need to have so many babies because even if they have a baby, it's going to be extremely likely to be healthy and happy and live into adulthood.

It's also the cost of living has grown massively in the UK, as we have better services and products and things available, the cost of living gets higher, which means that people might make a decision that they want fewer children because children are quite expensive to bring up, you cost your parents loads of money.

They pay for your clothes and your food and all sorts of other things for you.

And that high cost of living means that people might choose to have fewer children.

Death rates are also low in the UK though.

So birth rates are low, but death rates are also low.

So why are death rates low? Again, we have better healthcare.

Modern medicine means that we can look after the people and save them from disease and save them from other preventable illnesses.

People have higher education levels, which means they're better able to look after themselves.

Working conditions are much safer.

So people are far less likely to die in accidents and people have higher incomes which means that they can put better food inside them, which means again they are healthier and live for longer.

Okay, so let's see if we can put some of that into action.

So I've got a little bit of a task for you here to see if you can think about the UK population and how it's changed over time.

So I'd like you to give two reasons that the birth rate is currently quite low in the UK.

Can you remember why the birth rates are quite low? You might be able to come up with more than two but put down at least two.

And again, why, two reasons why death rates are also quite low.

See if you can remember to reasons or factors that related to low death rates, pause the video and have a go at that now.

Great, well done if you took it above and beyond and wrote more than two factors.

Let me put all the different factors that you might have put, and you can mark any that you put in correct and you can add any if you missed them.

Amazing, amazing work.

I am so proud of you, everybody well done for getting to the end of this lesson and working hard throughout and producing lots of great work.

I'd love to see it.

I'd love to see that work 'cause I know that you've worked hard on it, and I love nothing more than seeing that beautiful work and how much you're learning and how clever you're becoming.

So please do ask your parent or carer to take a photo of that work using their phone and post it onto Twitter.

They can use the hashtag, oh, it shouldn't be sorry, hashtag ONA population.

And I will be able to see that work if you put that 'cause I check that hashtag and I'll be able to see your great work and I'd love to see it.

Well done for working so hard.

It's been great to spend this time with you.

I'll see you for the next lesson so that we can become even smarter and learn even more about geography and about the population and how it's changing in the world and in the UK.

I'll see you then.

Bye.