Lesson video

Hello everyone, and welcome to our geography lesson today.

My name is Miss Harrison, and we're going to continue our learning on the country of Brazil in today's lesson.

Now, previously, we've looked at lots of different things about the country of Brazil.

We've looked at some different cities.

We've looked at what it's like to live in those cities.

We've looked at different physical features and human features.

And today we're going to be thinking about the people of Brazil and how the populations of the country are moving, and some people are migrating to different places.

Now, you might notice behind me that I am somewhere different today, and I have been transported to the region of the Caatinga, which is in the north east of Brazil, and it's a dry desert region.

And that's one of the rural landscapes that we're going to be looking at in our lesson today.

So let's get started.

Today, our learning question is how are the populations within Brazil moving? And in this lesson, first of all, we're going to recap those seven continents of the world that we are so good at already.

We're going to think about the population of Brazil.

So how many people live there? And then we're going to look at some urban and rural landscapes.

Now, if you haven't heard of the words urban or rural before, that's okay, we're going to go through the meaning of those later.

And we're going to think about a process called urbanisation.

And again, we're going to go through that later.

So don't worry if you haven't heard that word before.

And our final question is we're going to think about why some people in Brazil are migrating to live in different urban areas.

So before we begin our lesson today, you are going to need for our lesson.

You will need some paper or a notebook to write in, a pen or pencil to write with, and as always your geography brain.

If you're missing one of those things, pause the video and go and grab it now.

Awesome, we are ready to begin.

So my first challenge for you today is to see if you can remember all seven continents of the world.

And I'm just going to show you the shape of those continents.

So you're going to see all of them on your screen and you need to write down which continent is which.

So I jumbled up the order to make it a little bit tricky for you.

Have a go, pause the video now and write down the name of each of those continents.

Okay, have your pen at the ready, ready to mark, see if you've got those correct.

So continent a, we had Europe, big tick if you got it right, fix it if you need to, that's fine.

Continent b, we had Africa.

Continent c, Asia.

Continent d, we had Australia.

Continent e, we had Antarctica.

Continent f, we had North America.

And continent g, we have South America.

Have a check.

Check which ones you got correct and any that you need to fix.

You can pause the video and do that now.

Okay, so now we're going to zoom in on the continent of South America, which is where Brazil is located.

So Brazil is one of the countries that we know in South America.

Let's recap those other South American countries.

So going from the south, we have on the left-hand side, we've got Chile in the west, then above that we have Bolivia, then we have Peru and Ecuador, then we have Colombia and Venezuela, and then going over to the east side of the continent from the north, we have Guyana, then we have Suriname, then we have French Guiana.

Remember that French Guiana isn't a country of itself, but it's a territory of France.

Then we have Brazil, which is what we're focusing on in this geography unit.

We have Paraguay, we've got Uruguay, and then at the south of the continent, we have Argentina.

So well done if you managed to remember some of those names of the South American countries.

So let's take a closer look at Brazil.

And today we are going to look at the population of Brazil and how it is changing.

So things we know about the population of Brazil.

The current population of Brazil is over 212 million people.

That's a lot of people that live in Brazil.

Now, the population has been increasing for many years.

That means there are more people living in Brazil now than there were in previous years.

And within the country of Brazil, many people are migrating to live in different parts of the country.

Now, the word migrating means when you move from one area to live in another area.

So lots of people are migrating from one place in Brazil to another place.

And we can look at areas within Brazil as urban areas or rural areas.

Now, those words might be new to you.

So let's have a look at what they mean.

An urban area is when we have land used for human settlements and industry.

So things like bigger towns and cities are all urban areas.

So they're larger human settlements.

Whereas rural areas are bits of land in the countryside that are used for farming or for natural areas for people to visit.

And these would be things like farms or nature reserves.

Okay, so urban areas are larger human settlements like towns and cities.

Rural areas are places within the countryside like farms or nature reserves.

I would like you now to write down those definitions.

See if you could fill in the blank of my sentences.

So what's the difference between an urban and a rural area? So look at your sentence starters here.

An urban area is mm, for example.

And then a rural area is mm, for example.

So pause the video now, copy down those sentences and fill in the blanks.

Well done everybody.

So we should have written down that an urban area is land used for human settlement.

For example, towns and cities.

A rural area is places in the countryside that are used for farming or natural areas like farms or nature reserves.

If you've got those correct, then you can give yourself a big tick.

So let's have a look about how the population in urban and rural areas are changing in Brazil.

So we're going to focus in a one region called the Caatinga, which is in the north east of Brazil.

And that's where you can see the landscape behind me.

So it's a rural region, that means it's in the countryside, in the north west of Brazil.

And around 26 million people live in this region.

Now, because of the hot and dry weather in this region, and because of the soil that's there, it's difficult to farm animals or to grow crops here.

So because it doesn't rain that much, and the ground is very dry and the soil is very thin, it's difficult to have animals living there because there's not enough grass for them to eat.

And it's difficult to grow crops because plants always need water to grow.

So that's an example of a rural area in Brazil.

Now let's zoom in and let's move over to an urban area.

So lots of urban areas in Brazil are located further south in the country.

And one example is Brasilia, which is the capital city.

And we've looked at that in a previous lesson.

And Brasilia is a large city with a population of 2.

48 million people.

So we've got rural areas like the Caatinga, and we've got urban areas like the capital city of Brasilia.

Now, we're going to think of a process called urbanisation.

Hoo, that looks like a bit of a mouthful.

Try and say it with me.

Urbanisation.

Your turn.

Urbanisation.

Huh, well done.

Now let's find out what it means.

So urbanisation is when more of the population moves to living in urban areas like towns or cities, rather than rural areas like the Caatinga.

Now, urbanisation means that cities need to get bigger so that they can provide housing and jobs for the people moving there.

So urbanisation is when people move from rural areas to urban areas, okay? So from the countryside to towns or cities.

And this means that cities need to get bigger, so that they can provide housing for people and provide jobs for people to do.

I'm going to see how much of that you remember.

So can you tell me what is urbanisation? And again, I want you to fill in the gaps in the sentences.

Urbanisation means when more people move from mm to mm.

And this means that cities need to become mm.

Pause the video now, copy those sentences and see if you can fill in the gaps.

Okay, did you remember that definition? So urbanisation means when more people move from rural areas, from the countryside, to urban areas, to towns or cities.

And this means that cities need to get bigger so that there are enough jobs and enough houses for people to live.

If you remember that and you got it right, give yourself a big tick.

Well done.

So urbanisation is happening a lot in Brazil at the moment.

So many people are moving to live in urban areas like cities in the south of the country.

We're going to look at some of the reasons why people might want to move from rural areas to urban areas.

So why are people migrating to live in urban areas? Now, migration is one of those keywords that I discussed at the beginning of the lesson.

Migration means when people move from one place to another.

So when they go from living in one area to another area, and there are different reasons why people might choose to move to live in another area.

Some of those are called push factors.

And these are the reasons why a person wants to move away from somewhere else.

Whereas, pull factors are the reasons why a person wants to move to a particular area.

So push factors are pushing people away from certain areas and pull factors are drawing people to live in different areas.

Let's have a look at some of those push factors.

So some push factors, including, um, sorry, causing migration might be these.

Now, these are just some reasons why people might choose to move from rural areas.

This doesn't mean that everybody thinks this way.

So in rural areas like the Caatinga, in the north east of Brazil, there is less education and training in some of those areas.

And the main job that people do is farming.

So there aren't a lot of different jobs that people could do, but the main job is farming.

Now, the weather in this rural area is incredibly hot and dry, and that makes it difficult for lots of crops to grow.

So it's difficult to be a farmer in the Caatinga area because the weather is so hot and dry, and it's difficult to keep animals or to grow crops there.

Now, some villages in this area may not have access to things like electricity and technology that we might be used to here in the UK.

So those are some of the reasons why some people want to move away from rural areas like the Caatinga region.

Now, lots of people are choosing to move to urban areas like Brasilia, the capital city.

So these are some of the reasons why some people want to move to the city.

Not everybody does want to move to the city.

So Brasilia is the capital city.

It's a wealthy city.

That means there's lots of money there.

And there were lots of different opportunities.

So there were lots of different schools, colleges and universities within the capital city.

And there are a range of jobs available in the city, which often pay higher wages than those in the Caatinga region in the north of Brazil.

Now, from what we learned last week, about the city of Rio de Janeiro, we know that moving to a city doesn't always mean your life will be better.

So we saw that lots of people have very different experiences within cities in Brazil.

And sometimes cities can become overcrowded when too many people live there and might not have housing available, but these are some of the reasons why people might be drawn to live in the city in an urban area rather than a rural area.

So things like having more opportunities for education, different kinds of jobs and earning more money than they might do in the north.

So have a think about those factors that we talked about.

Why are many people in Brazil choosing to move from rural areas to urban areas? So look at the sentences.

Again, you're going to copy those down and you're going to fill in the gaps for me.

Some people in Brazil choose to move from rural areas like, what's this area called? To urban areas, like? Can you remember the capital city? One push factor, that's reasons why people want to move away from the rural north, is mm.

And one pull factor, something drawing people to the city, is mm.

See if you can pause the video to fill in those sentences.

If you want to rewind the video to get some of that information again to put in your answer, you can do that now.

Awesome work, everybody.

Well done for your hard work today.

That was a lot of new information that we have learned in this lesson.

And that's the end of our lesson today.

So congratulations on all of your hard work in our geography lesson today.

If you have enjoyed the lesson and you're really proud of the work that you have done, you might want to share it with the Oak National team.

So you could ask a parent or carer to take a photo of that work and upload it to social media, tagging @OakNational and with the hashtag #LearnwithOak.

That way, some of your teachers might be able to see the great work you're doing at home.

So all that's left now is for you to complete your end of lesson quiz at the end of the video to see how much you can remember.

I hope you enjoyed our lesson today, and we're going to continue learning more about the country of Brazil in our next lesson.

I'll see you then.

Bye!.