Lesson video

Hi, welcome to today's English lesson.

This is lesson nine of "The Canterbury Tales: The Knight's Tale" series and today we're going to be looking at the idea of powerful decisions when the gods get involved in our plot.

Before we start today's lesson I'd like you to take a second to make sure you've got a pen and a paper to write with or something else to write with and something to write on.

Also take a moment to make sure there are no apps or notifications running in the background that might distract you during our lesson.

Take a moment now to go and find that.

Pause the video now.

Okay, fantastic.

So on with our lesson.

Before we start our tale for today, let's just do a quick recap.

"The Knight's Tale" is one of a series of tales told during a pilgrimage that happens in Geoffrey Chaucer's mediaeval epic, "The Canterbury Tales." It's a mediaeval romance of chivalry and courtly love.

Hopefully by now you're familiar with the term chivalry, courtly love and the happenings in the "The Canterbury Tales." But if you want to just refresh your learning at any point, feel free to go back in our earlier videos in the series to make sure that you recap those key points.

In the "The Knight's Tale" we meet Theseus, Duke Theseus.

In a battle in Thebes, he finds the two injured knights, Palamon and Arcita.

Palamon and Arcita were injured fighting against Theseus, but being a chivalric knight he saves their lives, taking them back to Athens with him.

Unfortunately, they are still his enemies, and so he imprisons them in a tower forever more for the rest of their lives with no hope of ransom.

From the tower, the two knights spy Emily.

Emily is Hippolyta's sister, Hippolyta being Theseus' wife.

They see Emily from the window Palamon first, Arcita second and both for madly in love with her.

This is an example of courtly love as they both feel a physical pain in their heart when they see Emily.

They decide that love is the most important thing of all.

And this is a real shame because they both had already sworn an oath of loyalty to each other.

This oath meant that they would help each other in any manner around love or making sure that the other one could get the woman that he was in love with.

Sadly at this point, they both love the same woman and this causes conflict between the two.

So both our knights remain in conflict with each other while locked in the tower.

Strangely at this point, neither of them have any chance of making Emily love them anyway.

So it seems a strange thing that they'd battling up, but this is the nature of courtly love.

Meanwhile, Theseus has decided that there is no possible way that either of them could be ransomed.

That is until he meets his duke friend, Pirithous.

Pirithous is his best friend from childhood and comes along to visit in Athens.

Pirithous also happens to know Arcita from Thebes and thinks he is a really, really nice young man.

At this point, he begs Theseus to allow him to be free as he is a noble knight.

Theseus agrees that Arcita should be freed.

However, he keeps Palamon locked up in prison.

At this point, Arcita is given the key points and key ideas that happen to be around his freedom.

He must leave Athens never to return.

If he does return to Athens, then Theseus will have him put to death.

Back in Thebes Arcita is so distraught and feels so much suffering from his loss of being able to see Emily on a daily basis that he physically transforms. He can't eat, he can't sleep and he struggled to drink also.

And so he becomes a different person with his physical appearance and his voice changing.

He makes a decision that he's going to return to Athens under the guise of Philostrate, a different man, a common labourer, and try to see Emily on a daily basis.

Meanwhile, his brother-in-arms, Palamon, remains trapped in prison with no hope of ransom.

He can see Emily every day, but he is jealous of his friend Arcita, who he believes is able to go back to Thebes to raise an army and come back to claim Emily.

Meanwhile, back in Athens, Philostrate has returned and found a job as luck would have it, working as a chamberlain for Emily.

So he does now get to see her every day.

However, at the same time, he is under the guise of a common labouring man, Philostrate, and cannot in any way, try to win her love.

Palamon meanwhile, at some point decides that he's going to escape from prison.

With the help of a friend, he escapes from prison and hides in a thicket in a grove nearby to Athens.

As luck would have, it at the same time, Philostrate, who is Arcita don't forget, has decided to go and pay his tribute to May.

While out riding, and nearby to the thicket where Palamon hides, Arcita decides to tell the world and yell at the gods that he is truly Arcita and not Philostrate and that he is upset and suffering at the disguise that he has to wear.

At this we find that Arcita and Palamon battle each other.

They make the decision that they are going to fight.

Palamon is upset with Arcita, not only that he loves Emily also and has been a traitor in that way, but also that he has failed to use his advantage and raise an army to come and claim Emily, that he himself would have done in his position.

Arcita is upset with Palamon because Palamon is claiming Emily's love for himself and Arcita has suffered and forced himself to live in such shame for so long.

The two are about to battle.

However, Arcita still being a chivalrous knight and honourable in his quest for glory and Emily decides that he will allow Palamon to have the opportunity to rest.

He brings him food, he brings him water and the next day he's going to also bring him arms and armaments, so he will have a fair fight when they come together.

He in fact wants it to be so fair that he offers the opportunity for Palamon to choose the best weapons and armour when they battle.

He wants to remain an honourable knight.

Let's take a moment now to check our learning at this stage.

In a second, I'd like you to pause the video.

When you've done that, you're going to copy out the three sentences that you can see on this slide and fill in the blanks to make sure the story works.

Pause the video now and complete those sentences.

Great work.

I hope you didn't find those too difficult.

Let's check how you've done.

Sentence one then.

Arcita suffers so much at not being able to see Emily that his appearance physically changes.

It does indeed.

His face, his body, and even his voice changes.

He's suffered so much due to courtly love.

Sentence two.

After seven years, Palamon escapes prison.

While hiding, he overhears Philostrate explaining that he is really Arcita.

All of these things do happen over that seven year period.

This is when Arcita's left, he's suffered in Thebes, he's changed his physical appearance and returned to Athens to work his way into the household of both Emily and later into Theseus' household also.

He overhears Philostrate in the grove explaining that he is really Arcita.

Sentence three then.

Arcita brings armour and weapons to battle Palamon fairly.

He does indeed.

It's at this point that Arcita realises he is still a chivalric knight and his honour forbids him from an unfair battle.

So he decides he's going to bring Palamon armour the following day and weapons and during this, he will allow him to pick the best of the armour so that they can fight fairly.

So Arcita returns the next day with armour and weapons for their battle.

Being a chivalric knight, both of them in this case, they aid each other as they have no squires there to help them.

Let's see how this happens in Chauser's version.

"Each of them helping, so they armed each other as dutifully as he were his own brother and afterwards with their sharp spears and strong, they thrust each other wondrous long." We get this strange juxtaposition here, don't we? That they work dutifully as if they were each other's own brother.

This harks back to how much, how sworn they were and how honourable they were early on.

They're referred to each other as brothers, brothers-in-arms. However, once they're armed, they immediately start to thrust and strike at each other for a wondrously long time.

"You might've fancied that this Palamon, in battle, was a furious, mad lion and the Arcita was a tiger quite.

Like very boars the two began to smite." So they fight at each other here.

In strange ways, their behaviour, their actions, and the way that they attack is like a mad lion, was a tiger quite, but also like very boars.

Their descriptions in fact are yes, brave and strong and powerful, but also more like animals than men.

"Like boars that froth for anger in the wood.

Up to the ankles fought they in their blood.

And leaving them thus fighting fast and fell, forthwith of Theseus I now will tell." So we're going to move on to think about Theseus in a moment.

But before that, just think about the description here.

They're fighting like boars.

They're frothing with anger.

And they're fighting up to their ankles in blood.

They must be doing each other, some grievous injury at this point.

Now take a moment please, to pause the video in a second.

We have a sorting activity for you here.

We have three statements, a furious mad lion, a tiger and wild boars.

I'd like you to decide for each of these three, whether or not it's being used to describe Palamon in column A and write it in column A or Arcita in column B and write it in column B or indeed both and then you can write it in both column A and column B.

Pause the video now and complete those columns.

Okay, that shouldn't have been too challenging.

Let's see how we've come out.

So, Palamon is described as a furious mad lion.

He's animalistic in the way that he's behaving.

Similarly, Arcita's described as a tiger, a loner, somebody who is powerful and terrifying, but both men are described as wild boars.

They're attacking each other in a way that is more animalistic than knightly.

So we leave our two knights attacking each other furiously like animals in the forest.

Meanwhile, Theseus, as fate would have it as seems to be a common theme within our story, he is out riding, hunting with Emily and his wife Hippolyta.

"When Theseus, compact of joy and bliss, with his Hippolyta, the lovely queen, and fair Emilia, clothed all in green, a-hunting they went riding royally.

And to the grove of trees that grow hard by." So we see here that Theseus' entourage happened to be hunting exactly the same spot where now Arcita and Palamon are fighting.

Take a moment now to pause the video and complete this activity.

You're going to answer the question, what is Theseus doing while Arcita and Palamon are fighting with one of these four options.

Is it option one, Theseus is looking for Philostrate? Option two, Theseus is hunting nearby with Emily and Hippolyta.

Option three, Theseus is raising the alarm that Palamon has escaped.

Or option four, Theseus is hunting for Palamon and Arcita.

Pause the video, now make your selection.

Okay, really well done there.

Let's see which one of these is the correct answer.

What is Theseus doing while Arcita and Palamon are fighting? He is of course, Theseus is hunting nearby with Emily and Hippolyta.

He doesn't seem at this point to realise that Palamon has escaped from prison and he has no idea that Philostrate is truly Arcita.

He, by look, is out hunting with his wife and his wife's sister and they happened across Palamon and Arcita.

When Theseus sees the two men fighting, he stops them and yells, "Tell me now what manner of men ye be that are so hardy as to fight out here without a judge or other officer, as if you rode in lists right royally?" Theseus is upset about the fact that these two men are fighting each other in armour and armour as though they're a part of a royal list, a tournament.

He's upset because really any sort of feud like this should be taken on with an officer, a judge to make sure that they fight properly, make it a fair competition as you would with any great tournament.

And here we have these two men hacking and slashing at each other in furious anger.

He stops them and Palamon here owns up.

He says, "This is your mortal foe, Arcita-wait!.

That from the land was banished, on his head.

And for the which he merits to be dead.

For this is he who came into your gate, calling himself Philostrate-nay, wait!.

Thus has he fooled you well this many a year, and you have made him your chief squire, I hear.

And this is he that loves fair Emily for since that day is come when I must die.

I must confession plainly and say on, that I am the same woeful Palamon who has your prison broke viciously.

I am your mortal foe and it is I who loves so hotly, Emily the bright that I will die gladly here within her sight!" So here Palamon gives quite a lengthy speech to Theseus.

But what he's doing is he's owning up to everything that's happened up to this point.

He's explaining to Theseus exactly the situation they're in.

He explains that he and Arcita, are the two men who were fighting.

But Arcita has disguised himself as Philostrate and worked his way into Emily and Theseus' household.

He's explaining to Theseus that this ultimately means that he's been fooled, he's been betrayed.

And actually Philostrate is only there because he's in love with Emily.

Similarly, Palamon owns up to being Palamon, who's just broken out of prison viciously.

He says that they are both his mortal foe, Theseus' mortal enemy.

And however they are fighting because they are both in love with Emily.

And this is incredibly important part of the plot so let's just make sure that you've got it here.

In a moment, I'm going to ask you to pause the video and you're going to decide which of these five statements Palamon says when speaking to Theseus.

Does he say that he, Palamon, just wants return to Thebes? Does he say that Arcita is in disguise as Philostrate? Does he say they both love Emily, he and Arcita both are in love with Emily? Does he say that he is Palamon and has just a escape from prison? Or does he say that they both wanted to join Theseus' army? Three of these statements are true.

Make your decision now, pause the video.

Great effort.

Let's see how you've got on there then.

So the three statements that are correct that Palamon does say to Theseus are that Arcita is in disguise as Philostrate, that both knights love Emily and that he, Palamon, has just escaped from prison.

Well done if you've got all three of those correct.

If not, don't worry.

The last bit of plot was quite challenging.

If you'd like to go back in the video and watch it again, and that's a really good opportunity to refresh your learning.

So, Theseus reacts to Palamon's statement that he has escaped from prison, that Arcita has fooled him and betrayed him, and that both love Emily.

"This worthy duke presently spoke again.

You shall die by mighty Mars the red!" Theseus is understandably angry at this betrayal and he decides that both men are not going back to prison, but they're going to be put to death.

However, Theseus is still a chivalric knight, of course.

"But then the queen, whose heart for pity bled, began to weep and so did Emily and all the ladies in the company.

Emily, Hippolyta and the other ladies beg Theseus to allow Arcita and Palamon to live.

They're moved by the fact that both are fighting for love here and they ask Theseus to give them leniency.

As a Knight that follows the chivalric code, Theseus honoured the women by not killing Palamon and Arcita immediately.

Theseus also sympathised with the suffering of courtly love and realise that the Knight's behaviour was all in the name of the love of Emily.

Theseus himself has in the past, in other stories, been a victim of courtly love.

He, in fact, loves Hippolyta to the point where he would attack Cynthia and take her to be his wife.

Therefore, he feels some sympathy for Arcita and Palamon and decides rather than having them killed immediately, he would stave that off and do something a little bit different.

Theseus instead decides, instead of death, Theseus decrees, "And this day fifty weeks hence.

Both shall be here once again, each with a hundred knights armed for the lists.

who stoutly for your rights will be ready to battle." Theseus instead of killing Palamon and Arcita, allows them to battle for the love of Emily.

However, he wants to do it in a proper way as a tournament.

He says to them both to leave and for 50 weeks strive the earth looking for a hundred knights to fight in a huge tournament that he will put on.

Those hundred knights and Palamon and Arcita will battle together to see which of the sides, Palamon's team or Arcita's team, will win the hand of Emily.

True or false round, now then.

In a second, I'm going to ask you to pause the video and you're going to decide which of these four statements is true and which of these four statements is false.

Statement A, Theseus allows Palamon and Arcita to live.

Is this true or is this false.

Statement B, Theseus tells Palamon and Arcita to raise 100 knights in 50 weeks for a tournament.

Statement C Theseus tells Palamon and Arcita that they have 50 weeks to make Emily love them.

Or statement D, Theseus tells Palamon and Arcita that they have 100 weeks to get out of Athens.

Pause the video now and make a decision about which is true and which is false.

Okay, let's see how you're going on with that activity then.

Statement A, Theseus allows Palma and Arcita to live.

This is of course true.

After having been begged by the women of his party and being an honourable chivalric knight, he allows both men to live.

However, they must fight in a tournament for Emily's love.

Statement B, Theseus tells Palamon and Arcita to raise 100 knights in 50 weeks for a tournament.

This is exactly right.

He wants them to fight for Emily's love, but he wants them to return and do it in a proper way as part of a tournament in the list with a 100 knights.

He gives them 50 weeks to organise this.

Statement C, Theseus tells Palamon and Arcita that they have 50 weeks to make Emily love them.

This isn't the case, is it? Yes he wants them to win Emily's love, but he's not asking them to woo her over a 50 week period.

And statement D, Theseus tells Palamon and Arcita that they have 100 weeks to get out of Athens.

Well, it's 100 knights, isn't it, that they are after, not 100 weeks.

And it's not about getting out of Athens, they need to return to Athens to fight in a tournament.

So this statement is false.

So Arcita and Palamon are off roaming the country trying to find 100 knights to return for this glorious tournament, the biggest tournament that anyone has ever seen.

Meanwhile, Theseus is back in Athens, but he's not resting on his laurels.

Instead, what he's doing is employing hundreds of thousands of master craftsman to come and build the greatest tournament stadium that's ever been seen, an amphitheatre.

Imagine anything that you've seen before, the Colosseum or other amphitheatres, this is bigger and better.

It holds 10,000 people and allows for the biggest tournaments to go on.

It has lists for knights to joust in the middle and fighting grounds in the middle also for people to be able to see the greatest tournament that has ever been put on at any point.

Having the gods bless his tournament was incredibly important to Theseus.

After all the nights were fighting for love and there were doing battle in themselves, both of which were things praised by the gods.

To this end Theseus created three shrines for the three important gods in reference to this particular tournament.

Over the Eastern gate and high above for worship of Queen Venus, god of love.

Theseus creates over the Eastern gate a shrine for Queen Venus, for Venus, the goddess of love.

He does this as the battle is entirely happening because of love of Emily.

So Queen Venus, the goddess of love, is an important god in this particular aspect.

Over the Eastern gate, "Of Mars, he straightaway builded such another, as cost a deal of gold and many a bother." So he spent a lot of money, spared no money at all in creating a second shrine here for Mars, the god of war as this is a battle and a tournament, a mock war if you like, to see who wins the hand of Emily, and this would be important to appease Mars, the god of war.

"And northward, in a turret on the wall, of alabaster white and red coral, an oratory splendid as could be, in honour of Diana's chastity." So in the North turret he builds another shrine this one to Diana, the goddess of chastity and the hunt.

Now Diana as a goddess rules maidens.

She is honoured by those who wish to remain a maiden forever, unmarried, and instead enjoy their lives, hunting in the presence and in the occupation of Diana.

So we see.

In the Eastern gate we have Venus, the goddess of love as it is love that the Knights are fighting for.

On the Western gate we have Mars, the God of war.

The Knights do battle for love, they are fighting in honour of Mars.

And on the Northern gate, Diana, the goddess of chastity.

It is a pure maiden Emily, for which they fight.

Palamon and Arcita both arrived back in Athens after 50 weeks, both with 100 knights, gloriously dressed for battle, each of them to battle for Emily's love.

The night before the tournament, Palamon, Arcita and Emily, all pray and give sacrifice to their patron gods.

They go to the shrines and they pray for the gods' assistance in the upcoming battle.

"Fairest of fair, O lady mine, Venus, of prize of arms, blown before lord and churl, but I would have possession of one girl, of Emily, and die in thy service.

Find thou the manner how, and in what wise for I cannot, unless it better be, whether I vanquish them or they do me." Palamon heads to the Eastern gate and he makes sacrifice and prays to Venus, the goddess of love.

He asks here, not for victory, he doesn't want to win and he doesn't mind if he dies in the service of Venus.

All he asks for is for Emily's love.

He wants to have the possession of Emily.

Meanwhile, in the Northern gate, Emily heads to pray to Diana.

"O thou chaste goddess of the wildwood green, by whom all heaven and earth and sea are seen, chaste goddess, well indeed thou knowest that I desire to be a virgin all my life, nor ever wish to be a man's love or wife.

Send down love and peace between these two and turn their hearts away from me, so do." Emily asks Diana for an interesting idea.

She doesn't want to be in love, she doesn't want to marry either Arcita or Palamon, which is a somewhat of a surprise as we've been believing that this is all about winning Emily's love.

Instead, she asks Diana to allow her to remain a maiden all her life and work in Diana's service.

She also asks to facilitate this by allowing Palamon and Arcita to mend their battle, to mend their quarrel and become friends again.

If they do that, then they'll turn their hearts away from Emily and not be bothered about the idea of winning her love.

Emily begs this of Diana.

At the same time on the Western gate, Arcita goes to prayer to god Mars.

"O mighty god that in the regions cold of Thrace art honoured, where thy lordships hold, of thee, my human strength shall not avail then help me, lord, tomorrow, not to fail and grant, tomorrow, I have victory.

Mine be the toil, and thine the whole glory." Interestingly at this point, Arcita begs Mars, the God of war to give him victory in the upcoming tournament.

He doesn't mention Emily and he doesn't mention love.

Instead here, all he mentions is the idea of victory in the upcoming battle.

Okay, ladies and gentlemen, I'd like you to take a moment now to have a go at a matching activity.

In a second, I'm going to ask you to pause the video.

What I'd then like you to do is to match which of the gods match with which of the pictures and match for which of the requests that our three protagonists have asked.

So you're going to match the name of the god at the top, to the picture in the middle, to the request from Emily or Arcita or Palamon at the bottom.

If you want to cut these out and mix and match on one of our downloadable resources, then you can do so.

If not, you can feel free to just draw lines or indeed just write the names down in your pad if you so wish.

Pause the video now and have a go at this activity.

Okay, let's see how you got on with that one.

As we can see here, we had Venus on the Eastern gate, Venus here being represented by the planet Venus so-named after the goddess because she shone most brightly in the sky.

And it was the love of Emily that Palamon asked of Venus.

Mars here in the middle, we can see represented in his usual armour with spear and shield.

This is where Arcita prays for victory in the upcoming battle.

And on the end there, Diana, the goddess of chastity and the hunt, represented here by a bow and arrows.

This was Emily praying to Diana to ask to never get married.

But of course, we also know she prayed that Arcita and Palamon would become friends again.

Here we get a story within a story with all three of the gods getting into the point of some sorts of conflict.

"But there upon such quarrelling was begun, from this same granting, in the heaven above, 'Twixt lovely Venus, goddess of love and Mars, the iron god armipotent." Here, Diana seems to stay out of the quarrel, but Mars and Venus have a running argument over which of them should win and which of them should be allowed to grant their prayers.

This battle is pitted and continues for an extended period of time.

"Until Saturn, the sallow Saturn, calm and cold, who had so many happenings known of old, found from his full experience the art to satisfy each party and each part." Now you probably recognise Saturn in reference to the planet.

The Romans named Saturn after their grandfather god, the Lord of the gods, if you like as Saturn was the biggest planet that they could see from earth.

Saturn is known as the oldest and the greatest of the gods.

and it is he that with his age and experience settles the argument.

He says to Mars and to Venus that you will both get what you like.

They need to leave it up to him and he will deal with the situation and make sure that both are satisfied.

Okay, take a moment now to check your learning at this point.

The question we have is how does Saturn appease Mars and Venus? You're going to pause the video and make a decision as to which of these four is the correct answer.

Is it option one, he tells them that he's in charge and will decide.

Is it option two, he tells him that neither knight is worthy of Emily.

Is it option three, he tells them they will both get what they want.

Or is it option four, he tells them that they will draw straws for the loser.

Take a moment and pause the video now to make your selection.

It was of course, option three, Saturn being the oldest of the gods and in charge here, he tells them that he will grant them both what they want when it comes to the ultimate tournament.

So a reminder of what's happening at this stage, here, we see a frame narrative.

Let's remind ourselves of what a frame narrative is.

The way that "The Canterbury Tales" is structured is known as a frame narrative.

It is essentially a story within a story.

So we have "The Canterbury Tales" as a set of stories and "The Knight's Tale" is one of those stories within it.

In "The Knight's Tale" we also see a form of a frame narrative when the story of the arguing gods comes as a story within a story during the main plot.

So our main plot is the tournament and the battle for the love of Emily between Arcita and Palamon.

But here we have a sub-story of the gods, Mars and Venus arguing over who will get to grant the request, the prayer and Saturn stepping in and saying that both will get what they wish.

This emphasises the power that the gods have over the events within the plot.

We'll find out more about this later in our story.

Okay, you've worked hard as of now, ladies and gentlemen, so we're going to take a moment to look at our main activity.

In a second, you're going to move on to the next slide and pause to complete the activity that you see.

For each of the images below, write a paragraph explaining the following; which god the image represents, what they are the god of, and which of our protagonists, our main characters, prays to the god and what they ask for.

So for example, you'll take that first image there that we see and you'll explain which god is being represented here, what they are the God of and which of our protagonists, Emily, Arcita or Palamon pray to them and what it is that they asked for at that point.

This is going to be a longer activity so make sure you've got plenty of time to complete.

In a second, pause the video.

Okay, let's see how you got on with that.

So, the first image there, as we can see was Venus.

Venus is the goddess of love and beauty.

The planet Venus is named after her, as it shines the brightest.

In our tale Palamon prays to Venus asking for Emily's love.

He says that he does not care about victory as long as he gets Emily's love.

Now don't worry if your sentence and your paragraph don't sound exactly like that.

As long as you've got those key elements in there, that Venus is the goddess of love, that it's Palamon that prays to her and that he's asking for Emily's love over victory, then you're very much onto the right track.

Let's look at the second one now, Mars.

Mars is the god of war.

The planet Mars is named after him as it's red, like blood.

In our tale, Arcita prays to Mars asking for glory.

Arcita does not mention Emily, only his longing for victory.

Again, if you haven't written exactly the same as that, especially the information about Mars being red like blood, then that's okay.

As long as you've got in there, that this is Mars, the god of war, that Arcita prays to him for glory and perhaps that he doesn't mention Emily in his prayer.

Let's look at the third one now, Diana.

Diana is the goddess of chastity and the hunt.

Her followers wish to stay maidens forever.

In our tale, Emily prays to Diana asking her to allow her to remain unmarried.

She also asks Diana to help Arcita and Palamon to repair their friendship and both forget about her love.

Again, don't worry if you haven't got exactly the same as this paragraph, but the key information there is that Diana is the goddess of chastity.

If you also put the hunt, then that's brilliant.

That Diana is prayed to by Emily and that Emily asks to remain a maiden, remain unmarried.

If you also got the fact that Emily asked for Palamon and Arcita to repair their friendship and forget about her, then that's a fantastic effort.

Extra little challenge for your here then, ladies and gentlemen.

Once this video is concluded, I want you to review your learning by having a go at this challenge question.

Based on their prayers to the gods which of our protagonists deserves to have their prayers answered? Now this is up to you and it's your opinion about which of our three main characters, Emily, Arcita or Palamon deserve to have their prayers answered.

It might be that you think it's more than one.

In your paragraph, you should consider the following things; What each person has asked the gods for and what their motivations are in asking.

Why have they asked that particular question? Is it from themselves or is it for their others? Have a go at this question once our video is over.

Okay, we've reached the end of our video for today's lesson, then.

Congratulations, you now have understood how the gods have made powerful decisions as part of our plot.

When you come to the end of this video, I want you to review your learning.

I want you to A, first, pick a new piece of vocabulary, go back through this lesson from today and your notes that you've taken and find a new piece of vocabulary, something you've learned new today.

Or something that you've reviewed from an earlier lesson, and now understand a little more fully.

Write it down and remind yourself of it.

Second, I want you to review the plot from today's lesson.

An awful lot has happened between the gods and our protagonists, and an awful lot is going to happen beyond this.

At this point, make sure that you are up to date and understand exactly what's happening in our story.

Perhaps you want to use some pictures to remind yourself.

Perhaps a storyboard or even just write down the key five events from today's lessons.

Finally, I want you to make sure you complete those exercises.

Whether it's the matching activity on our downloadable resource or whether it's that final challenge activity.

Make sure that you complete those to recap your learning and prepare you for our next lesson which will be Lesson 10.

Until then see you next lesson and keep working.