Lesson video

Hi there, my names Mr. Byrne-Smith, and today we are going to be doing some reading together.

Now this is less than four of five.

So if you haven't yet watched lessons one, two, and three, please go and do that first.

In today's lesson, we are going to be inferring, using the text and images.

So, let's get started.

Here's the agenda for today's lesson.

First, we're going to recap what we've learned so far and the story that we've heard so far.

Then we're going to do some text analysis.

Finally, we'll summarise what we've learned today.

In this lesson, you will need an exercise book or paper, a pencil, and of course your brain.

So, if you need to get any of these things, pause the video now.

Right, let's recap what we know so far about our story, "A Christmas Carol".

What I've done is I've chosen five images to represent the story so far.

However, they're not in order.

So, I'd like your help putting them into the appropriate order.

We have Scrooge with various ghosts.

Scrooge sitting up on his desk, and that's it.

So we have a Scrooge with four different ghosts and Scrooge sitting up on his desk, high up on his desk, working away.

What order would you put those in? Pause the video now.

Okay.

Let's look at the order they'd go in.

First, we have our kind of introduction to Scrooge.

There he is working way, sat high up on his desk.

Then he's visited by the first ghost, the ghost of Marley.

Marley is his old friend.

Next he's visited by this ghost, which is the Ghost of Christmas Past.

The Ghost of Christmas Past shows him things from his past.

After that he's visited by the Ghost of Christmas Present, who shows him things from the present.

Finally, he's shown things from his future by the Ghost of Christmas Future.

In particular, he's shown his gravestone.

Now, if you had to pick a sixth picture.

I'm being extra generous today.

If you had to pick a sixth picture, what would it be? Pause the video now.

Okay, I think if I had to pick a sixth picture, I would pick the one of Scrooge celebrating Christmas with his sort of friends and family, which I think is a really good image, representing how he turned things around by the end of the story.

Okay, let's do some analysis of the text, and of course, the images.

"They floated through chilly air till Scrooge let out a groan.

He saw his boyhood self, so sad, sitting quite alone.

The other boys had all gone home to family Christmas cheer, leaving poor young Scrooge at school, so silent, cold and drear.

I have a question for you.

You're going to answer the question using the text, and the image.

How does Scrooge feel? Now, when I say Scrooge, I don't mean the boy Scrooge.

I mean the man Scrooge.

He's in the background there, standing by the Ghost of Christmas Past.

How does he feel? And how do you know? Please use evidence from the text and image.

Pause the video now.

Okay.

Now, I think he's feeling unhappy.

That's quite a mild way of putting it.

I think he's feeling really unhappy.

He's feeling saddened.

He's feeling distraught.

He's feeling desperate.

And we have two pieces of evidence.

This is the first.

Let out a groan.

He sees his boyhood self and he lets out a groan.

And a grown is not the noise you make when you're happy.

A groan is a noise you make when you're upset or in pain or sad or worried or even anxious.

The second thing I spotted was Scrooge's face.

His face is not the face of a happy man.

He's looking down.

He can barely look at the boy.

And his face is drooping.

His mouth is drooping.

His eyes, even, are drooping.

And he has his head down, tilted down, which suggests to me that he's not happy.

This is the way you act when you're not happy.

Next question.

Why does Scrooge feel this way? So we know he's not happy.

We know something has upset him.

Why does he feel unhappy? And what has upset him? Please answer using the text and the images.

Pause the video now.

Okay, so I think there are a few clues here telling us why Scrooge is feeling this way.

He saw his boyhood self so sad, sitting quite alone.

So he's seen his boyhood self.

He seen himself, in the past, and he seen himself sitting sad and lonely on the bench there.

And I think that's enough to make anybody upset, to see themselves from the past.

Sad would make you sad if you look back in time.

The other boys had all gone home to family Christmas cheer, leaving poor young Scrooge at school, so silent, cold and drear.

Now, we have to remember that Scrooge is seeing himself.

So not only does he feel sad for the little boy, but it's probably reminding him 'cause these are his own memories.

He's remembering himself and how things were for him.

And he's looking back into his past, right? It's probably reminding him of how he felt as a boy sitting on that bench.

I'd like you to come up with two adjectives, describing how the boy feels.

Now look at his face.

I've highlighted it for you.

That face gives you a few clues.

If you're unsure, just imagine for yourself.

Imagine you'd been left behind.

You're all alone, sat there on the bench when everybody else has gone home for Christmas.

Pause the video.

I need two adjectives describing the boy.

Okay.

Next image.

Next piece of text.

"And then saw his young-man self, rejecting, hour by hour, the chance of love and happiness to gain more wealth and power.

'Oh, Ghost,' the miser murmured.

'These memories bring me pain.

I pray you leave them in the past.

Oh, take me home again.

'" Here we see this phrase, rejecting, hour by hour, the chance of love and happiness to gain more wealth and power.

And we're going to focus on that.

I'd like you to tell me how this is being represented in the image.

The suggestion here is that Scrooge is rejecting love.

So he has the opportunity here to have love and happiness.

And he's not taking the opportunity.

And the text is suggesting here that he's ignoring the opportunity for love and happiness, so that he can gain more wealth and power.

This idea of rejecting love in favour of wealth and power.

How is it being represented in the image? Pause the video and have a think.

Okay, so I think we can see, in the image that these two are sat back-to-back, and we have to make some assumptions here.

So we have to make some guesses.

I'm assuming that the young lady in the image here is a friend, perhaps a girlfriend, perhaps a fiance or wife of Scrooge's.

And you can just see that they're perhaps distancing themselves from each other.

And you can see this 'cause they have their backs turned to each other.

This image suggests that Scrooge has the opportunity to embrace the love and happiness of his partner here.

But he's ignoring that opportunity in order to do what? Well, let's look carefully at what he's doing on that desk.

He's counting money.

He's writing in his books.

Suggests to me that when he has the opportunity for love and happiness, he's not taking it, 'cause he just wants to be wealthy and powerful.

Let's look at this next phrase, "'Oh, Ghost, the miser murmured.

These memories bring me pain.

'" These memories bring me pain.

Now, why do you think these memories bring him pain? Because after all, Scrooge, we know, is wealthy.

So he succeeded in, you know, gathering lots and lots of money, earning lots and lots of money.

Why do you think looking back at this memory brings him pain? Pause the video and have a think.

Okay, now, in order to answer this question, we're going to learn a new piece of vocabulary, which is really useful.

And you might have already used this in your answer.

That's really possible.

However, if you haven't, we're going to learn it now and then we'll be able to apply it perfectly to this situation.

The word is regret.

My turn, your turn: regret.

Now regret is sometimes a noun and it means a feeling of sadness over something one has done or failed to do.

Here's a sentence that makes use of the word regret.

A feeling of regret washed over him when he thought about the mistake he had made that morning.

It's a feeling you get when you think about something you wish you had done differently.

Maybe something you wish you had done or something you wish you had done differently.

What do you think Scrooge regrets? If Scrooge had a feeling of regret in this situation, what would it be? Have a think.

I think it would be that he chose money over love.

Now regret can also be used as a verb.

It's the verb to feel sad over something one has done or failed to do.

So it's obviously very closely linked to the noun.

You use it slightly differently.

I really regret saying those unkind things to my brother yesterday.

So if you regret something, you have this feeling, this emotion, of regret.

I really regret saying those unkind things to my brother yesterday.

Basically that suggests I really wish I hadn't done it.

I really wish I'd behaved differently.

And this is a feeling we all know, 'cause we all make mistakes and that's fine.

And we always think back on those mistakes and we think, well, I wish I had done it differently.

I wish I had done that or I'd done this.

I've certainly felt this way over lots of things.

It's a very natural way to feel.

I think Scrooge is probably feeling regret about some of his decisions.

Now he's seeing those decisions again.

Next picture.

Next page.

"Although the scene was bare and poor it shone with care and love.

Scrooge felt a tug upon his heart while gazing from above.

Bob Cratchit's crippled son was there, so pallid, frail and ill.

'Will Tiny Tim recover,' Scrooge whispered.

'Say he will.

'" Okay, so the first thing I'd like you to do is answer this question.

Look carefully at the picture and tell me, who is Tiny Tim in the picture? Now we're told, by Scrooge, he tells us, he says to us, will Tiny Tim recover? And that's our big clue.

I've highlighted that.

Who's Tiny Tim, and how do you know? Pause the video.

Okay.

So, Tiny Tim is the boy lying in the bed.

And I know this because Scrooge has said, will Tiny Tim recover? This suggests that he's not very well, and there's something for him to recover from.

Out of all the characters on this page, only one of them looks ill and that's the one lying in the bed.

So I'm figuring out, I'm using those clues, and I'm telling myself that therefore, the boy lying in the bed must be Tiny Tim.

Bob Cratchit's crippled son is also being referred to.

Now, the term crippled is an old fashioned term, which means somebody who's not very well.

He's physically not very well.

Perhaps they have an issue with their legs, which means they can't walk.

Now, this isn't a term we use anymore.

It's not considered an appropriate term to use anymore.

However, once upon a time, certainly in Charles Dickens' era, this was an ordinary term to refer to somebody who was ill.

We could see this definitely would apply it to Tiny Tim.

He was lying there in the bed.

That suggests to me that perhaps this is Bob Cratchit's son, Tiny Tim.

Here we have that same image, but we also have the rest of the image, which I had previously cut off.

In this picture, we have one, two, three, four, five, six characters.

And along the bottom there we have one, two, three, four, five, six, adjectives.

I wonder if you can guess what your task is going to be.

Yup, I'd like you to apply each of these adjectives to a character of your choice.

Now, if you look carefully, one of them is blank.

The last one is blank.

That's for you to fill in.

So you have five, which I've given you, which I'd like you to apply.

And then the last one, which I'd like you to fill in.

So, these are our adjectives: poorly, hopeful, confused, anxious, saddened, and blank.

It might take you a while to move these around in the right way and just to get that match just perfectly.

There isn't necessarily a right answer, but there are some choices which would be inappropriate.

So think carefully about which adjective goes where.

Pause the video now.

Okay, I'm going to show you how I moved these around.

I did this.

I've described the mom as being hopeful.

She has a look in her face suggesting that she has a bit of hope about Tiny Tim, perhaps recovering.

The father, Bob Cratchit, I've described as anxious.

And that's because of what he's doing with his brow.

If you notice he has a raised brow like I'm doing now, which is a face people sometimes make if they're anxious.

You can see middle of his brow is raised.

And then at the outside, going down.

Especially in cartoons and drawings.

We often see anxiety represented like this.

Poorly I've used on Tiny Tim, who is obviously unwell.

Confused I've used for the young girl who looks a bit confused.

She has this expression on her face, which suggests she's not 100% sure what's going on, but she does know, I think, that something's not quite right.

I use the term saddened for the Ghost of Christmas Present, who has this really downcast face.

He's looking down, his eyes almost closed.

And he has an immense sadness as though he's about to cry.

And then the blank, I gave to Scrooge, and I filled it in with shocked.

He's looking upon this scene as though he had never imagined that this might be the case.

It's as though he would never have expected this family situation to have existed yet.

Yet, here is in front of him.

And therefore I think he's shocked.

I wonder what you chose.

Lots of options.

Many, many appropriate combinations here.

So I'm sure that whatever you figured out works well for you.

So here's Scrooge, having sat up in bed, having worked out that he's okay, he's safe, he's alive.

And he hasn't died.

Despite having just seen his grave, it was all, not necessarily a dream, but, it all happened during the night.

And here he is alive in the morning on Christmas day.

Which of these four adjectives do you think describes this picture best? We're thinking about adjectives that describe Scrooge.

So we have disbelieving.

That's when you just can't believe something.

Shocked, scared, confused.

I'd like you to have a careful think.

Pause the video now.

Okay.

You might have chosen one of these four adjectives.

I want to make sure that you have thought about why you made that choice.

So why have you chosen the adjective you've chosen? I chose disbelieving 'cause he has a look of shock on his face, which suggests to me that he just can't believe his luck.

He can't believe he's still alive.

He can't believe what's happened.

He can't believe he's just waking up, and it's Christmas day.

That to me, looks like a disbelieving look.

In this image, we see Scrooge leaning out the window.

Now this image comes straight after the last image we saw.

Scrooge has just woken up.

Having had this peculiar night, seen into the past, present and future.

And he just can't believe that he's still alive.

He's over the moon about it.

And here he is.

He's run to the window and he's looked out, and he's looking down upon the street.

I've said, this image gives the impression that Scrooge is excited that it is snowing.

Now, how do you feel about that? Do you agree with that statement or do you disagree? Is Scrooge excited because it's snowing? Now I can tell he's excited because the way he's leaning out the window and the way he's standing, and by the look on his face.

That's a look of excitement, but is it because it's snowing or is there something else at play? What do you think? Pause the video.

Okay.

I think there's more to it.

Yes, it's snowing.

That's exciting, but I don't think that's why he's excited.

He's probably seen snow before.

Why do you think he is excited? This image, I think, gives the impression that Scrooge is what? Relieved, thankful, or appreciative.

You have three choices: relieved, thankful, or appreciative.

If you're appreciative, it means you're really grateful for something having happened.

This image gives the impression, that, because, I'd like you to use one of these adjectives to complete this sentence scaffold.

Okay.

It's time for us to summarise what we've learnt so far.

We're going to do this using an agree/disagree statement.

And my statement is, pictures help you understand the characters and stories more.

What do you think? Do you agree or disagree and why? Pause the video and have a think.

Okay, now this is an interesting one.

I agree.

I think, as we've seen today, pictures can teach you an awful lot about the character and the story you're engaging with.

There's a phrase which says, a picture tells a thousand words, which suggests that within a picture, you can include a thousand words' worth of description and explanation of a character and of a story, and of a setting.

So I think, if included carefully, pictures can help you understand the characters and stories more.

That's just my opinion.

Okay, congratulations.

That's the end of the lesson.

We've recapped, we've done some text analysis, and we have summarised what we've learned.

So, well done.

I'm very impressed.

Well done for all of your hard work.

You've completed your lesson.

Bye-bye!.