Lesson video

Hello? Nice to see you today.

My name is Ms. Waddell, I am helping you with some writing, based on the Aladdin story from Disney.

In previous lessons with me, we have been sequencing the story, to get used to it, and this lesson is on grammar, and so if you find any of it tricky or unfamiliar, that's absolutely fine.

You can go back to previous lessons, where there's an introduction to, simple, compound and complex sentences, which is what we're going to be revising today, and then you can come back, and do this one afterwards.

So no worries, if not, and if you're ready to go, let's get going.

Let's look at what we're going to do today.

We are going to revise sentence types.

So look at our simple, our compound, and our complex sentences.

Then we're going to look at what conjunctions are, and how we use them, and then we're going to build some sentences at the end.

So, you will need, an exercise book or some paper, a pencil, and your brain, because today, particularly, although you need your brain for every lesson, today we're going to use some words, that you don't use, in your normal everyday language.

So, it sometimes feels like a whole new language to learn, but luckily it's very easy, it just takes a little bit of practise.

Off you go and get those, also, when you come back, would you make sure, that you don't have anything, that can very easily distract you, like the telly or your phone nearby, because it just does not help at all, and makes everything much harder for you.

So I'll give you a minute.

You can pause the video, and go and get those things, and make sure, any distractions you can control, are out of the way, thanks.

Let's revise our sentence types.

Firstly, a clause must have a, a clause must have a, say it louder.

A clause must have a verb, and we know that it's verb, because a verb is a verb, its a doing word.

If we do it or you are it, then what the word is a verb, that's right.

So that helps you spot where your clause is.

So let's have a look at revising a simple sentence.

Simple sentence has one main clause, and that clause has to make sense on its own, like Mr. Main here, he's a superhero, and he can do lots of saving, and lots of protecting, and generally good superhero things on his own.

Sometimes he needs help, but he can do it on his own.

Let's have a look at example of a simple sentence.

The shadowy figure waited.

So waited, you can see is our verb, our sentence makes sense on its own, there's our Mr. Main, and there's our verb.

Let's have a look at compound sentence.

So compound sentences have two main clauses, that are joined.

So there's our two Mr. Mains, by a coordinating conjunction.

So, but, or, or and, are your three coordinating conjunctions, and thankfully there are only three, but, or, and, and there's our snake picture to remind us, BOA like a boa constrictor, are our coordinating conjunctions.

So, here's an example of a compound sentence.

The stars glistened and the moon cast shadows in the sand.

So the stars glistened, is a main clause, and the moons cast shadows and the sand, is another main clause, and they're joined together, by a coordinating conjunction.

So there's our coordinating conjunction, and in this case, another sentence could have but or or, and there are our two Mr. Mains, Mr. Main and Mr. Main.

Now a complex sentence.

Do you remember? I bet you do.

Complex sentence has a main clause, and a subordinate clause.

So it's Mr. Main and Mr. Subordinate, remember a clause has to have a verb.

Let's have a look at an example, of a complex sentence.

A shadowy figure rode through the desert, as, as our subordinating conjunction.

We're going to look at those in a moment, as the stars glistened above.

So we've got a verb on each side, of that subordinating conjunction.

So there's our subordinating conjunction as, there's our Mr. Main.

A shadowy figure road through the desert.

A shadowy figure road through the desert, is our main clause.

As the stars glistened above, is our subordinate clause, remember rode as a verb.

So we can also swap around, the main and subordinate clause, and put the subordinate clause first.

So here we know it's our subordinate clause, it's got a subordinating conjunction at the beginning, as.

As the shadowy figure road through the desert, the stars glistened above.

So that's got our subordinate clause first, and then our main clause, and there's our subordinating conjunction, right at the beginning, as.

So I would like you to pause the video in a moment, and match the sentence types to the picture.

So, you decided which is the main, which is the simple images, which is the compound images, and which is the complex images.

Very quick, easy, pause and then press play again.

Well done, fantastic! So simple is just one main clause, compound is a main plus another main, complex is a main whoop, there you are, and a subordinate, or a subordinate first, and then a main.

So let's try it with actual sentences.

Here, this is the whole of it all jumbled up, I would like you to rearrange them, pause the video, and decide which of my sentences, should be next to the simple, which should be next to the compound, and which should be next to the complex.

Pause the video now.

Okay, here they are.

This is how they joined together, but it's a bit confusing like that, so let's just do the little bit of magic, shingo, bingo, ringo, bingo, there they are in the right place.

So simple sentence, The shadowy figure waited, with our verb there, compound sentence, The stars glistened, and with our coordinating conjunction, the moon cast shadows on the sand, and complex sentence, A shadowy figure rode through the desert, as our subordinating conjunction, the stars glistened above.

Let's have a practise with some of our conjunctions.

So with compound sentences, you have coordinating conjunctions, and with complex sentences, you have subordinating conjunctions, and that's our little and sign there.

So conjunctions, it helps me remember conjunctions like a junction, where two parts of the railway, join together is called a junction, and so I remember junctions, join two bits together.

So with a compound sentence, it joins two main clauses.

Those are called coordinating conjunctions, what are they called? Well done.

And that joins a main clause and a main clause, and there are only, three of those but, or, and.

What are they? Fantastic! You will need to remember three, really easy.

So you know that that's a coordinating, it joins two things that are equal together, and that's for compound sentences.

So let's see how much you were paying attention.

Can you tell me which of these, are coordinating conjunctions? Pause the video, just one minute, but, or, and.

I kind of helped you, 'cause I left the snake down below, but, or, and, those are the three coordinating conjunctions.

Well done.

Now, which is a coordinating conjunction? I'm going to test how well you've been listening.

Which one of these? Is it this way? Or is it this way? Show me with your thumbs, this way or this way? Coordinating conjunction, if or and? Yeah, well done.

Next one, three, two, one, coordinating conjunction when or or? Yeah, fantastic! Coordinating conjunction, ugh! I gave that one to you, but that's the last one.

Okay, now subordinating conjunctions, and we use these in complex sentences, so we can have a complex sentence with, a main clause and a subordinate clause, and that coordinating, sorry, that subordinating I told you, it was lots of funny language, that subordinating conjunction, can either go, in the middle of the sentence, or it can go right at the start, and that junction picture is to help us.

So here is some examples, there are lots, but here is some, that we're going to remember, when, as, if, because, can you say it? Fantastic! And those are our what conjunctions? Subordinating conjunctions.

Those are our subordinating conjunctions.

Like Mr. Subordinate, is our Robin in our two superheroes.

So can you remember, which of these is a subordinating conjunction? Pause the video, and just tell me, which ones you think it is.

Okay shout it out.

Really well done! You are listening very well.

It is when, as, because, if, that's not right.

There it is, when, as, because, if.

Let's see if we remember, is and a coordinating or subordinating? Coordinating or subordinating? Point in the right direction.

Ready, Steady, coordinating, well done.

Okay, this time whisper it to me.

When, is it coordinating or subordinating? Subordinating? Well done.

As, coordinating? Does it join two main clauses or subordinating? A main and a subordinate clause? Subordinating, it joins a main, and a subordinate clause.

If, coordinating join two main clauses, or subordinating a main and a subordinate? It's subordinating, fantastic.

But coordinating, two main clauses.

Let's see, I like doing grammar, but sometimes I find it hard.

Is that a coordinating or subordinating? Coordinating.

Well done.

And we did and, so now we're going to build a sentence, Two men on a hill.

So I'm going to ask you to pause in a moment, and I want you to build in, I'm going to make it a big challenge.

Let's see.

I want you to change the verb in this sentence.

Two men stood on a hill, find the verb and change it.

You can make it silly, or you can make it serious, for your Aladdin.

I don't mind.

Ready, steady, go, pause the tape.

I want you to say it to yourself.

Make sure it makes sense.

Check it.

So you write it down and check it.

Does it make sense? Does your verb work? Let's see what I've done.

I've changed stood to, two men waited on a hill.

'Cause it gives me an idea, that something might happen, slightly more precise, I think, but I bet your idea, was really, really good as well.

It could have been lots of different verbs.

Two men hopped on a hill.

Two men jumped on a hill.

Two men sat on a hill.

Could have been any of those.

We're just changing the verb to another verb.

So now I've got Two men waited on the hill as my new sentence.

Now I would like you to add a subordinate clause.

So two men waited on a hill, as what happened at the same time? Two men waited on a hill as, write it down, finish my sentence, as something else happened.

Pause the video.

This is my one, Two men waited on hill as the stars glistened in the sky.

So I've got, two men waiting, and then the stars glistening.

So while two men were waiting, the stars were listening.

As two men waited on a hill, the stars glistened in the sky.

So that's a subordinate clause I've added, to make that a complex sentence.

So you can see there, my subordinate clause, is coming second in my sentence.

I would like you now, to switch it around, so that it comes first in my sentence.

Take the subordinate clause, and puts it first in the sentence.

Pause the tape and write it down, so that subordinate clause is first.

Is this what you wrote? That was fantastic if you did, don't worry if you didn't.

I want you to pause and just edit, and see how it has changed.

So write it down, as you can see it on the screen, and see how it has changed.

You can pause the video now, and write it down in your book, or on your piece of paper.

So this is a challenge, I'm going to leave you with.

With all your revised knowledge of simple, compound and complex sentences, and your coordinating conjunctions, and your subordinating conjunctions.

I would like you to do this challenge, and this is the last task of the day.

I would like you to take my simple sentence.

The horse ran away, and change the verb, make it more precise.

How can you make it show something, that the type of moving away, or running away it did, as add a subordinating conjunction using as, so put it second, the horse ran away as, and then write another sentence, where you swap the position, of the subordinate clause, so you put the subordinate clause with, at the beginning.

So with as, at the beginning, as the horse ran away, or as the horse, whatever you changed the verb to, fantastic.

Pause the tape, and do that now for me.

Well done, you have worked so hard.

It is sometimes quite difficult, to remember all of those, funny words, subordinating conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions, main clause, a subordinate clause.

It's like learning a new language, but like learning a new language, once you know it, it becomes really easily, and it helps your writing, 'cause you can adjust your sentences, to decide how to make it convey, what you want to convey, as precisely as you can.

So if you'd like to, show some of your work to someone at home, your brother, your sister, a parent, a carer, someone who's looking after you, and tell them, what a brilliant job you've done.

I bet you, that they don't know, as much grammar as you do, really well done.