Analysing the poem ‘What Were They Like?’ by Denise Levertov
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Lesson details
Learning outcome
I can explain how Levertov uses language, form and structure to express her viewpoint.
Key learning points
- There are many juxtaposed images of beauty and destruction in the poem.
- The past tense highlights what is lost in war.
- The poem ends in the present tense, creating a sense of continued loss.
- The poem is written in free verse which could represent the lack of harmony and peace war brings.
- Levertov uses symbolism and repetition to emphasise the contrast between life before and after the war.
Keywords
Juxtaposition - placing two or more things side by side, contrasting them for emphasis or effect
Free verse - a style of poetry that does not follow a specific rhyme scheme, meter, or other traditional poetic conventions
Harmony - a pleasing combination of elements (e.g. sounds, colours) which result in a sense of unity or balance
Culture - the shared customs, beliefs, practices and social institutions of a particular group of people or society
Chemical warfare - use of chemical substances (such as napalm or Agent Orange) to injure or kill enemy forces or civilians
Common misconception
This poem takes a retrospective view on the Vietnam War, looking back on the devastation many years later.
The poem is set in an alternate future, set after the Vietnam War had ended (and the US had won). It was actually first published in 1968, while the conflict was still ongoing. The war didn't end until 1975.
Teacher tip
As you explore the links between the juxtaposed images in learning cycle 1, write any linked words (e.g. "stone", "blossom"/"bud") on flash cards or on the board and mind-map words or phrases we associate with these symbols.
Equipment
You need access to a copy of ‘What Were They Like?’ by Denise Levertov. This can be found in the Edexcel Poetry Anthology (we will be using the ‘Conflict’ cluster).
Content guidance
Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering
Supervision
Adult supervision recommended
Licence
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