In this video, we're going to use The Geography Visualizer to show where recent earthquakes have taken place around the world. We're also going to try and show the pattern of where earthquakes take place around the world. Let's start with a few simple things about The Geography Visualizer, in case you've not used it before. If we want to move the map around, the way we do that is we hold the left button of the mouse down, and then we can drag the map to wherever we like. We call this panning. The other thing that's really important is we'll need to be able to zoom in and zoom out. So I can do that using the scroll wheel of my mouse. Or I can go to the left hand side and there's some buttons, a zoom out button, and a zoom in button, the plus and minus. Now, at the moment we've got a satellite image of the world with the borders of the countries and the names of the countries and some cities on the map. We call this an imagery hybrid base map. And a base map is a background map. I can change the base map by clicking on this button in the toolbar, but for now I'm just gonna keep it on this satellite image, because it's fine for us. Now, in a geographic information system, like this one, we can add layers of geographical information onto the map. And the way we can do that is we can either click on this Open map button, and there's lots of different maps that we can use, or we can click on this Add layer button. And what we're really trying to do there is put some information on the map so that we can look at geographical patterns. So we're going to do this, we're gonna click on the Add layer button in the bottom toolbar. And you can see there's lots of layers that I can put on the maps. So if I wanted to know about the rainfall in the UK, I could click on this layer. But I don't need to know that in this lesson, so I'm going to scroll down. I can use the handle on the right hand side to do that, or I can use the scroll wheel of the mouse. And I'm going to click on where it says Recent Earthquakes. So these are going to be the earthquakes that have taken place recently. Now, depending on where you do this lesson, you'll have different earthquakes, the ones that I'm going to see on my map right now. So I'm gonna click on the add button, and you'll notice when I've done that, you can see there's a little one has been added to the map layers, and that's showing me that I've added a layer onto the map. So I'm going to close this popup now, and you'll see that on the map there's all these red circles, and these are where recent earthquakes have taken place. If I click on Legend, this is a key telling me what these circles mean. So if it's yellow or orange, they're really quite small earthquakes, where if they're red, they're becoming bigger. And these circles are also different sizes. So it also shows you the size of the earthquake by the size of the circle. So if I click on an earthquake, so I can see one here, it will actually give me some information. So that's a 4. 7 magnitude earthquake. And it tells me the depth of the earthquake. It tells me whether there's a tsunami has been triggered or not. And you can see there's no alert being issued, and obviously it shows me where it's in the world. So I can now see the earthquakes that have recently taken place in the world, and I can find out where they are. Now, I might want to know how close an earthquake has been to a specific place. So let's say I want to know the earthquake that's been closest to where I am. So the way I can do this is I can actually measure the distance. So I can see this earthquake over here looks like it's been quite close to the UK, and these earthquakes have been quite close to the UK. So I'm going to measure the distance between where I am in the UK and where these earthquakes are. So the first thing to do is to find out where you are in the UK. I can do that using this search button, I can type it in, or you can just zoom in and find it. So let's say I'm based in Aberystwyth on the west coast of Wales. And if I go to the bottom toolbar and I click Measure, and then there'll be a little popup, and I click Measure again, and then I can choose from different options in the new popup. I'm going to click on measure line. And now if I click with my left button of the mouse, it starts a measuring tool. Now, currently this is in miles, I'm going to change this to kilometers. So if I go into the toolbar and I click on Metric, that's gonna change into kilometers there. This measurement will stop when I click the left button of the mouse again. So as long as I don't do that, I can still zoom out, and I'm going to use a scroll wheel of my mouse now, and I can see, let's find out how close it's to these earthquakes. Okay, so that's about 1,830 kilometers. Let's see about these ones. Oh, that's a bit closer, isn't it? So these earthquakes on the west coast of Poland look like they're the closest ones. I'm just gonna go in, and we can see there it's about 1,383 kilometers between Aberystwyth and the west of Poland. If I want to see how big they are, I could click on them, and it'll tell me the size of the earthquake, 4. 5 magnitude. It's a pretty small earthquake. People would feel it, maybe, but I wouldn't expect there to be much damage or anything like this from this earthquake. Now let's think about whether there's a pattern for these earthquakes around the world. So I'm going to close this popup. I'm going to zoom right out, and you can see all these earthquakes around the world. And what I want to know is, are these earthquakes just random, or is there some sort of pattern to them? Now I think there's a pattern to these earthquakes, and I think it's linked to what we call the plate boundaries that you may have studied. So if I go back to the Add layer button at the bottom, and I click on this, and I click on the Plate Boundaries button and I add this layer. You'll see a number two come on the map layers, and you can see something's been added to the map. I'll close this popup. Now, these yellow lines show the boundaries between two plates. Now, as you may have studied, the crust of the Earth is broken up like a jigsaw into different, we call these pieces plates. And these pieces are moving around. They're moving around the world very slowly, but they are moving. The yellow lines show the boundaries between these plates. So these plates, these big slabs of the Earth's crust, are moving in different directions. So if I just use arrows to show this, this plate is moving in this direction, whereas this plate, I'll just spin it around once I've done it, is moving in this direction. And it's at these plate boundaries where we seem to be getting the earthquakes. These are the boundaries between these two plates. And if we look around the world, we can see that the majority of earthquakes are pretty close to these plate boundaries, not necessarily directly on them, but they're really close. Now there are exceptions. We can see these small earthquakes around here, and this one in west of Poland, is not anywhere near a plate boundary, but they tend to be pretty small. But the majority of the earthquakes are around these plate boundaries. And you can have a look at your map and see the recent earthquakes when you are doing this lesson to see whether that's still true.