for individuals or the community, a measure of social and economic well-being

the parts of places in which we live that have been built by people, rather than exist in nature

a subjective measure of happiness used to compare countries

the progress of a country in terms of wealth, use of technology and human welfare

Defining development

Geography

Measuring development

Development and demography

Causes of global inequalities

Consequences of global inequalities

Strategies to reduce the development gap: industry and investment

Strategies to reduce the development gap: Fairtrade, debt relief and aid

Example of how tourism can reduce the development gap

Using GIS maps to analyse links between inequality and migration

Using GIS desire lines to visualise migration

This unit teaches pupils about global economic development. Pupils learn how, using a variety of measures, economic development is unequal and how this is reflected in demographic characteristics. Pupils learn about the causes and consequences of inequality and consider how they can be reduced.

Global variations in economic development

a measure of goods and services produced by a country, including income earned abroad; may be divided by the total population to give ‘GNI per head’

average number of years an individual can expect to live at birth; worldwide this doubled from 1900 to 2021

a UN measure of development calculated using education, life expectancy and income data

the study of population: its size, composition and change over time

the number of births for every 1000 people in a population per year

when a population grows in size as result of the birth rate being higher than the death rate

an age-sex graph used to present the structure of a population (that may resemble a pyramid)

a theoretical model that suggests how birth rate, death rate and total population change over time

being surrounded by land of other countries, having no coast

the occupation, management and control of one country by another, often involving exploitation of its people and resources

the way in which nations interact with and regard each other, in relation to politics, economics and culture

the indirect control of one country by another via economic power or cultural influence

more than lack of income, it includes hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services

an illness that may be passed from one person to another

a person who moves to another country with better working or living conditions

a person forced to flee their home and seek safety in another country

payments sent home by migrants to members of their family or community

the widening difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries

the secondary economic sector, involving making goods from raw materials or other manufactured products (for example motor vehicles)

the tertiary economic sector, which includes tourism, banking, education and health

the provision of small-scale loans given to people in LICs to help them start a small business

the buying and selling of goods and services between countries

a system that ensure producers in LICs and NEES get a fairer price for goods produced, improving their income and working conditions

when a bank or government tells another governnment that they do not have to pay back the money they owe

support (money, goods or services) given to improve the quality of life of a recipient

technology suited to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of local people in the environment in which they live

feature of a place that makes people want to visit it or take part in an activity

way of life, especially general customs and beliefs

extensive area of land regarded as being visually and physically distinct

damage caused to water, air, etc. by  harmful substances or waste

when too many people visit a place, so that it is spoiled and life becomes difficult for people who live there

the Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure of development using income, life expectancy and education, ranging between 0 and 1

a data value supporting comparison within a data set, e.g. a category boundary or highest/lowest value for measures of development for different countries, such as HDI

in GIS, a read-only display of attribute information (e.g. text, images, charts) often linked to a location

Global variations in economic development

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