a natural source of energy that will run out because it cannot be reproduced, such as coal, oil and natural gas

a natural source of energy that will never run out, such as flows of wind, water and solar energy

sources of energy that can be reused and so will last into the future, such as biofuels and nuclear energy

Classification of energy – non-renewable, renewable and recyclable

Geography

Environmental impacts of energy extraction

Factors affecting access to energy resources

Global patterns of energy use and causes of variations

Distribution of oil reserves, factors affecting growth of oil consumption

Changing oil supply and prices

Developing conventional oil/gas sources in sensitive or remote areas

Developing unconventional oil/gas sources in sensitive or remote areas

Reducing demand on fossil fuels

Costs and benefits to fossil fuel alternatives

Energy futures – contrasting views

Changing attitudes to unsustainable energy consumption

This unit teaches pupils about different energy resources, their extraction and uses. Pupils learn about the different types of energy, the factors affecting extraction and the patterns and inequalites associated with production and consumption. Pupils also learn about energy futures.

Energy

visible damage to a landscape caused by human activities such as mining or construction

the release of carbon into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming

the ability to use a resource in a way that benefits people

the type, structure and layers of rock found beneath Earth’s surface

the amount of a fossil fuel that has been discovered and can be extracted and sold

hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a method used to extract gas or oil from shale rock formations deep underground

differences or changes in something, for example variations in energy use between countries means differences in the amounts and types of energy that different countries use

the growth of a country’s wealth, leading to better jobs, higher incomes and improved living standards

the different types of jobs and industries in an economy, divided into primary (e.g. farming), secondary (e.g. manufacturing), tertiary (services) and quaternary (e.g. research)

locations where oil is found in significant amounts

the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on manufacturing and industry

nations with social or business activities in the process of rapid growth and industrialisation

the amount of something (e.g. oil) that is available to buy

how much of something (e.g. oil) that people want to buy

how well (or badly) countries get along with each other, which can affect trading relationships of supply and demand

a period when economies stop growing temporarily and people spend less

sources of oil and gas that are relatively easy to extract because the oil and gas can flow freely towards an oil well or a gas well

able to generate enough money to cover its costs and remain profitable

a known amount of oil or gas that can be taken from underground and used

sources of oil and gas that are relatively difficult to extract because the oil and gas is trapped and cannot flow freely towards an oil well or a gas well

whether what is in a supply of water (e.g. its chemical or biological contents) make it suitable for a particular kind of use

the amount of energy that is needed to power daily activities

energy efficiency means using technology that needs less energy to perform the same task

energy conservation involves changing people's behaviour in ways that mean they use less energy

the combination of different energy sources used by a country or a region. The energy mix can change over time

the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price

the total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by an individual, product, process, country, etc

different scenarios about ways in which energy might be produced, consumed and managed in the future

balancing the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere with the amount removed from it

the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources

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