for individuals or the community, a measure of social and economic well-being

the parts of places in which we live that have been built by people, rather than exist in nature

a subjective measure of happiness used to compare countries

the progress of a country in terms of wealth, use of technology and human welfare

Defining development

Geography

Measuring development

Development and demography

Causes of global inequalities

Consequences of global inequalities

Rostow’s and Frank’s theories about development over time

Top-down strategies to reduce global inequalities

Bottom-up strategies to reduce global inequalities

Using GIS maps to analyse links between inequality and migration

This unit teaches pupils about global economic development. Pupils learn how, using a variety of measures, economic development is unequal and how this is reflected in demographic characteristics. Pupils learn about the causes and consequences of inequality and consider how they can be reduced.

Global inequalities

a measure of goods and services produced by a country, including income earned abroad; may be divided by the total population to give ‘GNI per head’

average number of years an individual can expect to live at birth; worldwide this doubled from 1900 to 2021

a UN measure of development calculated using education, life expectancy and income data

the study of population: its size, composition and change over time

the number of births for every 1000 people in a population per year

when a population grows in size as result of the birth rate being higher than the death rate

an age-sex graph used to present the structure of a population (that may resemble a pyramid)

a theoretical model that suggests how birth rate, death rate and total population change over time

being surrounded by land of other countries, having no coast

the occupation, management and control of one country by another, often involving exploitation of its people and resources

the way in which nations interact with and regard each other, in relation to politics, economics and culture

the indirect control of one country by another via economic power or cultural influence

more than lack of income, it includes hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services

an illness that may be passed from one person to another

a person who moves to another country with better working or living conditions

a person forced to flee their home and seek safety in another country

payments sent home by migrants to members of their family or community

a view that suggests that countries move through five stages of economic development, proposed by Rostow

the secondary economic sector, involving making goods from raw materials or other manufactured products (for example motor vehicles)

a socialist view that explains how the core (developed countries) exploit the periphery, proposed by Frank

TNCs are firms that own or control productive operations in more than one country

IGOs are established by a treaty or agreement between countries pursuing a common goal, e.g. World Bank

the increased interconnectedness of the world, economically, politically and culturally

NGOs work to achieve social or political aims that are not controlled by a government, e.g. Practical Action

technology suited to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of local people in the environment in which they live

the Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure of development using income, life expectancy and education, ranging between 0 and 1

a data value supporting comparison within a data set, e.g. a category boundary or highest/lowest value for measures of development for different countries, such as HDI

in GIS, a read-only display of attribute information (e.g. text, images, charts) often linked to a location

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Global inequalities

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