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    The size and scale of cells: the basics

    I can describe numbers and sizes of cells using appropriate units.

    New
    New

      The size and scale of cells: the basics

      I can describe numbers and sizes of cells using appropriate units.

      These resources will be removed by end of Summer Term 2025.

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      Lesson details

      Key learning points

      1. Most animals and plants are made up of millions or billions of cells.
      2. Cells are usually too small to see with the unaided eye.
      3. Comparison of the sizes of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and cell structures, in micrometres.

      Keywords

      • Million - 1 000 000, or one thousand thousand.

      • Billion - 1 000 000 000 or one thousand million.

      • Micrometre (µm) - One millionth of a metre, or 1 m / 1 000 000.

      • Magnification - Making small objects appear larger in order to see more detail.

      Common misconception

      Pupils commonly convert units incorrectly, multiplying when they should divide or dividing when they should multiply.

      It can help to relate the unit conversions in the lesson to an everyday example, e.g. pounds to pence.

      Video clips that show the size and scale from an atom to the whole universe can help pupils to understand the relationships and numbers involved.
      Teacher tip

      Equipment

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      Download quiz pdf

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In which type of cell is the genetic material not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus?

      Correct answer: prokaryotic cell
      eukaryotic cell

      Q2.
      Which piece of apparatus is used in science laboratories to view cells?

      telescope
      hand lens
      magnifying glass
      Correct answer: microscope

      Q3.
      In microscopy, what does the term magnification mean?

      Correct answer: making small objects appear larger in order to see more detail
      the brightness of the light source
      the distance at which two distinct points of a specimen can still be seen
      the size of the microscope stage

      Q4.
      What is being described: "the distance at which two distinct points of a specimen can still be seen"?

      magnification
      brightness
      Correct answer: resolution
      microscopy

      Q5.
      On which part of a microscope is the specimen placed in order to view it?

      An image in a quiz
      Correct Answer: stage, the stage

      Q6.
      What is the purpose of the objective lenses on a light microscope?

      Correct answer: to adjust the magnification
      to control the amount of light
      to hold the microscope slide
      to provide structural support
      to adjust the focus

      Assessment exit quiz

      Download quiz pdf

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Starting with the smallest, sort the units of measurement into increasing size order.

      1 - nanometres (nm)
      2 - micrometres (µm)
      3 - millimetres (mm)
      4 - metres (m)

      Q2.
      How many nanometres are in a micrometre?

      Correct Answer: 1000, one thousand

      Q3.
      A bacterial cell has a diameter of 3.2 µm. What is its diameter in nanometres?

      32
      320
      Correct answer: 3200
      3 200 000

      Q4.
      An nerve cell has a length of 3 mm. What is its length in nanometres?

      0.00 0003
      0.003
      3 000
      Correct answer: 3 000 000

      Q5.
      A xylem vessel has a diameter of 62 µm, a bacterium cell has a diameter of 0.31 µm. How many times bigger is the xylem vessel than the bacterium?

      0.005
      5
      20
      Correct answer: 200

      Q6.
      Calculate the magnification of a red blood cell with a length of 7 µm in an image measuring 14 mm.

      Correct Answer: 2000, 2000x, 2 × 10^3, 2x10^3

      Lesson appears in

      UnitBiology / Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

      UnitCombined science / Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

      AQACombined science

      EdexcelCombined science

      OCRCombined science