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      Abstract art: dry materials in response to stimuli

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can work into my abstract artwork using dry materials to create a variety of marks and textures.

      Key learning points

      1. Artists often use dry materials to create definition in their work when responding to a stimuli.
      2. When working intuitively, we can work in an abstract way to reflect mood or energy, rather than realistic images.
      3. Using intuitive mark-making, artists let their materials and feelings guide the artwork

      Keywords

      • Intuitive - creating without a set plan, making choices based on feeling, instinct, or the mood of the moment.

      • Define - to make something clearer or more detailed, often by adding lines, shapes, or contrast to show its form.

      • Dry materials - art materials that do not need water or liquid to work. They are used for drawing, shading and mark-making directly onto a surface.

      Common misconception

      You should only add layers to a painting with paint.

      Dry materials can be used in a variety of ways to add detail and shading to an art work. Dry materials can be layered over the top of wet materials once dried. Examples include pastel over watercolour or pen over dried ink washes.

      Teacher tip

      Encourage students to be open-minded as they experiment with the different materials. Creating an example bank of materials and techniques is a useful tool to help students to plan and develop later artwork.

      Equipment

      Watercolour or ink, brushes, paper, colouring pencils, charcoal and oil pastels

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following is an example of a dry material in art?

      watercolour
      Correct answer: charcoal
      ink
      acrylic

      Q2.
      Put these steps in the correct order for blending with oil pastels:

      1 - Choose your first colour and apply it to the paper
      2 - Layer a second colour on top
      3 - Blend the colours using your finger, a blending tool, or paper towel
      4 - Gently smooth the transition between colours
      5 - Apply more pastel if needed to build depth

      Q3.
      Which dry material would be useful for creating a quick sketch?

      Correct Answer: pencil, pen, charcoal, pastel

      Q4.
      How can you use dry materials on a dried painted surface? Select all that apply.

      Correct answer: By drawing over dry paint for added texture
      By mixing dry materials with water
      By scratching through the paint with scissors
      By blending dry materials into wet paint
      Correct answer: By layering over pastel or charcoal to add detail

      Q5.
      Match each dry material to the sentence that best describes how it is used:

      Correct Answer:Charcoal,Used for bold, smudgy marks and expressive drawing

      Used for bold, smudgy marks and expressive drawing

      Correct Answer:Fineliner,Creates clean, detailed and controlled lines

      Creates clean, detailed and controlled lines

      Correct Answer:Chalk,Soft and dusty; good for blending on textured paper

      Soft and dusty; good for blending on textured paper

      Correct Answer:Graphite pencil,Great for sketching and shading with control

      Great for sketching and shading with control

      Q6.
      Is a fineliner considered a dry material in art?

      Correct answer: Yes, it’s used without water and makes clear lines
      No, because it uses ink to create lines
      Only if it’s used with pencil lines
      No, because it can’t be blended to create lines

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following best describes abstract art using dry materials?

      Drawing objects exactly as they appear using pencil and ruler
      Using watercolours to create realistic landscapes
      Correct answer: Creating expressive marks with charcoal and pastel to show mood
      Painting portraits with acrylic paint and fine brushes
      Sketching technical diagrams with ink pens

      Q2.
      Is it important to match your technique to the stimulus when using dry materials in abstract art?

      No, any technique works with any stimulus
      Correct answer: Yes, it helps express the mood or feeling of the stimulus
      Only if you're copying a photo
      No, because abstract art doesn’t need any planning
      Yes, but only if you're using wet materials

      Q3.
      Put these steps in the correct order to prepare your surface effectively:

      1 - Make a wash with watercolour using your paintbrush
      2 - Use tissue to absorb pools of colour
      3 - Drop contrasting ink over the wash inspired by elements in your stimuli.
      4 - Continue adding different colours of ink onto your wash

      Q4.
      How might you use a rubber to draw into a graphite background?

      Correct Answer: erasing to create highlights, lifting graphite to make marks, drawing with the eraser, using the rubber to make marks

      Q5.
      How do you create scumbling marks using a fineliner?

      By drawing long, smooth diagonal lines
      By using small, repeated dots to build tone and texture
      Correct answer: By overlapping looping marks
      By pressing and dragging the pen across the page
      By overlapping straight lines

      Q6.
      What does the word “intuitive” mean in art?

      Correct Answer: Creating art based on feeling, Not planning everything, Responding quickly, Letting the process guide you

      To help you plan your 8 art and design lesson on: Abstract art: dry materials in response to stimuli, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...