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      Hand rendered working methods: dry media

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explore dry media techniques to create varied textures, tones, and expressive graphic designs.

      Key learning points

      1. Dry media techniques such as hatching, cross-hatching and smudging can be used to create varied textures and tones.
      2. Different dry materials such as pencils, pens, markers and pastels can be used to convey texture and mood.
      3. Dry materials are ready to use immediately, making them beneficial for quick sketches and on-the-go work.

      Keywords

      • Dry media - non-liquid materials such as pencils, charcoal, pastels, and graphite sticks, used to create marks on paper

      • Hatching - a drawing technique where parallel lines are used to create shading or texture

      • Cross-hatching - a method of shading or texture that uses intersecting sets of parallel lines to build up tones and create depth

      • Smudging - the technique of using fingers, blending stumps, or tissue to blur and soften the edges of marks to create smooth tonal transitions

      • Tonal range - the range of light to dark tones that can be achieved in a piece of artwork, essential for creating depth and volume

      Common misconception

      Dry media can only be used for fine, detailed work.

      Dry media is highly versatile and can be used for bold, expressive textures and atmospheric effects, not just for precision.

      Teacher tip

      Encourage pupils to experiment with different pressures and techniques. Show how light pressure creates subtle gradients, while heavy pressure brings out bold, dramatic textures. Remind them that dry media is not just for detail - bold, expressive work is just as valuable!

      Equipment

      HB, 2B, 4B, 6B pencils, charcoal sticks, chalk or oil pastels, graphite sticks, putty rubbers and standard erasers, blending stumps or tissues. Pens, markers, coloured pencils. Cartridge paper.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match each term to its correct definition.

      Correct Answer:Opacity,The thickness of paint affecting visibility
      Correct Answer:Blending,Merging colours smoothly
      Correct Answer:Layering,Applying washes over dry layers

      Q2.
      Which of the following is NOT wet media?

      Watercolour
      Gouache
      Correct answer: Charcoal

      Q3.
      The technique of applying one layer of colour over another to create depth is known as .

      Correct Answer: layering

      Q4.
      What does the "wet-on-wet" technique involve?

      Painting on dry paper
      Correct answer: Applying wet paint onto a wet surface
      Mixing paints before applying

      Q5.
      Expressive mark-making can include:

      Correct answer: Accidental effects like drips and splatters.
      Lines and marks made by imitating someone else.
      Precise measurements

      Q6.
      When using wet media, the process of merging two colours smoothly is called .

      Correct Answer: blending

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following materials is NOT considered dry media?

      Graphite
      Charcoal
      Correct answer: Acrylic paint
      Chalk pastel

      Q2.
      What happens when you press harder with a pencil or charcoal?

      The tone becomes lighter
      The mark disappears
      The texture becomes smoother
      Correct answer: The line becomes darker and bolder

      Q3.
      Which technique involves creating tone using dots?

      Correct Answer: stippling, stipple

      Q4.
      Why is tonal range important in dry media drawing?

      It adds colour variety
      It makes the drawing symmetrical
      Correct answer: It helps show depth and form
      It increases size

      Q5.
      Which technique creates tone using overlapping lines in different directions?

      Correct Answer: Cross-hatching, crosshatching, cross hatch, cross-hatch

      Q6.
      Which tools could you use for blending tones made with dry media tools?

      Correct answer: tip of your finger
      fixative spray
      ruler
      Correct answer: blending stump

      To help you plan your 10 art and design lesson on: Hand rendered working methods: dry media, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...