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      How far have we made progress on equality in the UK?

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how the absence of laws in the past allowed inequality to happen and how the introduction of new laws has helped create a fairer society.

      Key learning points

      1. When people treat others less favourably because of their prejudices, this is discrimination.
      2. In the past, people were often treated unequally, but there were no laws in place to protect people from discrimination.
      3. Some actions now seen as discriminatory, e.g., punishing people for sexuality, were once crimes.
      4. Many people have raised awareness and pushed for positive change.
      5. The law has gradually shifted to ensure greater protection for everyone, e.g., the Equality Act 2010.

      Keywords

      • Discrimination - treating people unfairly or differently because of things like their race, gender, or where they come from, instead of treating everyone equally

      • Inequality - when things are not fair or equal for everyone

      Common misconception

      Discrimination in the past was not as harmful because people did not know any better.

      Even though discrimination was accepted in the past, it still caused real harm. People lost rights, faced unfair treatment and suffered. Increased awareness led to campaigns and laws being made to protect people's rights.

      Teacher tip

      Encourage pupils to think critically about how laws reflect society's values. Ask them to consider how the absence of laws in the past allowed inequality to thrive and how today's laws aim to protect everyone's rights.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of peer pressure or bullying

      Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

      Depiction or discussion of sexual content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following is an example of discrimination?

      giving everyone the same opportunities regardless of background
      Correct answer: treating someone unfairly because of their gender
      offering equal pay for equal work
      allowing everyone to speak freely

      Q2.
      Complete the sentence by filling in the correct word: In the past, people were not treated equally because of their characteristics. It was not against the , so there was nothing to prevent it.

      Correct Answer: law

      Q3.
      Why is the Equality Act 2010 important?

      it made it legal for people to discriminate based on their race
      Correct answer: it protects people from discrimination due to their characteristics
      it only protects people from racial discrimination
      it allowed companies to ignore unfair treatment of their workers

      Q4.
      Complete this sentence: Discrimination in the past...

      Correct answer: was just as harmful and impactful on people then as it is now
      was not as bad because people did not know any better
      and was not wrong because it was not against the law
      Correct answer: and has taught us why equal rights for everyone are so important

      Q5.
      Match each law to what it helped change in society.

      Correct Answer:Equality Act 2010,protects people from all discrimination and inequality
      Correct Answer:Equal Pay Act 1970,ensured same wages for men and women for the same job
      Correct Answer:Disability Discrimination Act 1995,helped protect those with disabilities in employment

      Q6.
      Rearrange the words to create a sentence about equality legislation.

      1 - Equality
      2 - laws
      3 - have
      4 - improved
      5 - to
      6 - protect
      7 - everyone

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the word to its correct definition.

      Correct Answer:equality,the right of everyone to receive the same treatment
      Correct Answer:inequality,when people are not treated fairly or equally
      Correct Answer:discrimination,treating people unfairly or differently due to their characteristics

      Q2.
      Which of the following actions was considered a crime in the UK in the early 1900s, but no longer is?

      not paying taxes
      Correct answer: being in a same-sex relationship
      stealing someone else's property
      killing another person

      Q3.
      Put these events in the correct chronological order.

      1 - abolition of discriminatory laws towards people based on sexuality
      2 - introduction of the most recent Equality Act
      3 - legalisation of same-sex marriage in the UK

      Q4.
      In the past, there were no laws to protect people from based on their sexuality. This lack of protection allowed inequality to happen.

      Correct Answer: discrimination

      Q5.
      Order the events in chronological order.

      1 - Alan Turing's conviction for homosexuality
      2 - online petition to pardon Turing
      3 - Turing’s posthumous pardon
      4 - the passing of Turing's Law

      Q6.
      What was the official title of Turing's Law, which granted posthumous Royal Pardons for all those criminalised for homosexuality?

      Equality Act
      Right to Sexuality Law
      Human Rights Act
      Correct answer: Policing and Crime Act

      To help you plan your 9 citizenship lesson on: How far have we made progress on equality in the UK?, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...