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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain what migration is, why people migrate and describe the challenges and opportunities they may experience.

      Key learning points

      1. Migration is when people move from one place to another, either within a country or across borders.
      2. People migrate for many reasons, including: work, education, lifestyle, retirement or to escape danger.
      3. Migration often involves big changes to daily life, identity and sense of belonging.
      4. Even planned migration can be long, expensive and involve strict rules and paperwork.
      5. Migrating is a complex process that can offer new opportunities but also involves significant challenges.

      Keywords

      • Migration - the movement of people from one place to another, for example, moving from one country to another

      • Opportunity - the chance or the possibility to do something or go somewhere

      Common misconception

      Migration only happens when people are escaping danger, like war or natural disasters.

      Many people are forced to migrate because of danger, but others choose to move for different reasons, like better jobs, studying or a different lifestyle. Migration is not always about escaping something bad, but about moving toward something better.

      Teacher tip

      Use a variety of case studies to show the diversity of migrant experiences. Review and adapt the scenarios included in the lesson as needed. Be sensitive to pupils who have migrated. Not all scenarios need to be used.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following best describes migration?

      a holiday to a different country
      Correct answer: moving from one place to another, within or between countries
      escaping from danger to find food
      taking part in a student exchange programme

      Q2.
      Rearrange these words to create a sentence about why people migrate.

      1 - people
      2 - migrate
      3 - for
      4 - positive and
      6 - negative
      7 - reasons

      Q3.
      Migration can affect a person’s if it causes them to question who they are and where they belong.

      Correct Answer: identity

      Q4.
      Which of these are challenges that migrants might face when they move to a new country?

      Correct answer: language barriers
      safety and political freedom
      improved living standards
      Correct answer: loneliness or isolation

      Q5.
      Which of these are opportunities that migrants might face when they move to a new country?

      employment skills might not be recognised
      Correct answer: better job, leisure or education prospects
      legal and paperwork issues
      Correct answer: greater personal freedom or equality

      Q6.
      Match the word or phrase to its correct definition.

      Correct Answer:push factor,something that make someone want or need to leave a place

      something that make someone want or need to leave a place

      Correct Answer:pull factor,something that encourages someone to move to that particular place

      something that encourages someone to move to that particular place

      Correct Answer:lifestyle,the way a person chooses to live, e.g., habits, routines, activities

      the way a person chooses to live, e.g., habits, routines, activities

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the word to its correct definition.

      Correct Answer:migration,the movement of people from one place to another

      the movement of people from one place to another

      Correct Answer:opportunity,the chance or the possibility to do something or go somewhere

      the chance or the possibility to do something or go somewhere

      Correct Answer:challenge,something difficult to deal with or achieve; can be an obstacle

      something difficult to deal with or achieve; can be an obstacle

      Q2.
      Which of the following statements is correct?

      People only migrate because they are escaping war or danger.
      Migration is always dangerous and forced.
      Correct answer: People migrate for many reasons, such as work, education or lifestyle.
      Migration always means moving across a national border.

      Q3.
      Which of these is an example of a pull factor for migration?

      war in someone’s home country
      Correct answer: better leisure and work opportunities
      lack of job opportunities
      natural disaster

      Q4.
      Even well- migration, with all its preparation and paperwork, can be costly and time-consuming.

      Correct Answer: planned, organised, prepared, thought-out

      Q5.
      Which of these is an example of a push factor for migration?

      a country offering free university education
      a job offer in another country
      speaking the language of a particular country
      Correct answer: political instability or threat

      Q6.
      Order these parts of a non-emergency migration process.

      1 - liking a particular place or country
      2 - deciding to move
      3 - applying for documents or permission
      4 - moving there
      5 - facing new challenges or opportunities

      To help you plan your 9 citizenship lesson on: Why do people migrate?, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...