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      How can we carry out research for an active citizenship project?

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the difference between primary and secondary research and apply appropriate research methods to my active citizenship project.

      Key learning points

      1. Research is an important part of the active citizenship project cycle as it enables well informed-decision making.
      2. Research can be divided into two types: primary (original data) or secondary (existing data).
      3. Key questions like 'what do we need to know?' and 'who to involve?' guide the choice of research methods.
      4. Pupils may need qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (numerical) data for their active citizenship project.

      Keywords

      • Primary research - original information or data, or the results of interviewing people; research that you go out and collect yourself

      • Secondary research - data that others have already collected: newspaper articles, internet stories, government statistics or radio or TV interviews

      • Research method - the way people collect and study information to learn about a topic or issue

      Common misconception

      Careful consideration, through answering the key questions, is not needed to decide which research methods to use: research methods can be chosen at random.

      Pupils must consider and answer the key questions to ensure they choose appropriate and suitable research methods for their chosen active citizenship project. Failure to do so will jeopdise the project's success.

      Teacher tip

      Provide a list of resources available within school for pupils to consider.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which citizenship concept is this describing? Legal or moral entitlements.

      law
      democracy
      Correct answer: rights
      equality

      Q2.
      The issue of 'the gender pay gap' links to which Citizenship concept?

      democracy
      justice
      Correct answer: equality
      power

      Q3.
      At which stage is an investigation carried out in the active citizenship project cycle?

      Correct Answer: get planning, planning, plan, start

      Q4.
      Match the word to its definition

      Correct Answer:skills,abilities developed through practice/experience

      abilities developed through practice/experience

      Correct Answer:investigate,to look into something carefully to learn more about it

      to look into something carefully to learn more about it

      Correct Answer:active citizen,a person who actively engages and works to improve their community.

      a person who actively engages and works to improve their community.

      Q5.
      Complete the sentence: An is a person or group who defend or maintain a cause or proposal.

      Correct Answer: advocate

      Q6.
      Investigating whether the school council represents the different groups of pupils at school is an example of which level?

      national
      international
      Correct answer: local
      global

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the primary research methods with their definition.

      Correct Answer:survey,asking people simple questions

      asking people simple questions

      Correct Answer:interview,talking to people for information

      talking to people for information

      Correct Answer:focus group,small group discussions

      small group discussions

      Correct Answer:observation,watching and writing down what happens

      watching and writing down what happens

      Correct Answer:action research,finding a problem and trying to fix it

      finding a problem and trying to fix it

      Correct Answer:experiment,testing ideas in a controlled way

      testing ideas in a controlled way

      Q2.
      Which is not an advantage of carrying out primary research?

      data is first-hand
      data is specific
      data is up-to-date
      Correct answer: data is cost-effective

      Q3.
      Match the secondary research methods with their definition.

      Correct Answer:books,published information

      published information

      Correct Answer:articles,news reports and journals

      news reports and journals

      Correct Answer:law and policies,official rules and guidance

      official rules and guidance

      Correct Answer:government reports,official facts and figures

      official facts and figures

      Correct Answer:documentaries,educational videos

      educational videos

      Correct Answer:statistics,numbers and data from research

      numbers and data from research

      Q4.
      Complete the sentence: There are different types of research methods, information can be , for example, numerical, or qualitative, for example, descriptive.

      Correct Answer: quantitative

      Q5.
      What order should the key questions be answered in when deciding which research methods to use?

      1 - What do we need to know?
      2 - Whom do we need to involve?
      3 - What type of research do we need to use?
      4 - What resources do we have?
      5 - Which research methods can we use?

      Q6.
      What could jeopardise the success of an active citizenship project?

      not having access to government reports
      Correct answer: not considering responses to key research questions
      not being able to conduct interviews
      not being able to send out surveys

      To help you plan your 10 citizenship lesson on: How can we carry out research for an active citizenship project?, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...